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Topic: Prosimian

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	Prosimian Information
		These prosimians seem to be the most evolved, in the sense that they resemble monkeys the most.
		Prosimians live in the jungles of Africa and the island of Madagascar, and therefore are well adapted to this habitat.
		Prosimians have retained early mammalian characteristics seen in such common animals as a dog or cat.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /Courses/anphys/2000/Pierce/pierce.prosimianinfo.htm (365 words)

	Prosimian -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		It is now known that one of the “prosimians,” the tarsier, is actually more closely related to the “anthropoids,” so the classification of the primates has had to be revised.
		The prosimians, which include the lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers, are sometimes called the lower primates.
		The slender loris, L. tardigradus, inhabits southern India and Sri Lanka; the two species of the slow loris, N. coucang and N. pygmaeus, are found in Southeast Asia and on the Malay Peninsula.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9313078?tocId=9313078 (708 words)

	* Prosimian - (Animals): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Prosimians, monkeys, apes and humans are all primates.
		Lemurs are one of the prosimian families native to Madagascar.
		The loris is a prosimian, a more primitive subset of the primate Order than monkeys and apes...
	www.bestknows.com /animals/prosimian.html (297 words)

	Patrick Codd
		Prosimian adaptations were not left in the swaying branches of jungle trees, but carried onto the plains and around the world as primates developed.
		By positioning both eyes in front, the prosimians were able to minimize the distance prey would be from their optical axis.
		It was the success of these fruit-eating prosimians, with their trichromatic sight, that helped give us the color vision we have today.
	www.cco.caltech.edu /~sciwrite/journal03/A-L/codd.html (3301 words)

	Early Primate Evolution: The First Primates
		The great diversity of Eocene prosimians was probably a consequence of the fact that they did not have competition from monkeys and apes since these latter more advanced primates had not yet evolved.
		Due to the comparative scarcity of Oligocene Epoch prosimians in the fossil record, it is generally believed that the monkeys out-competed and replaced them in most environments at that time.
		Supporting this hypothesis is the fact that modern prosimians either live in locations where monkeys and apes are absent or they are normally active only at nighttime when most of the larger, more intelligent primates are sleeping.
	anthro.palomar.edu /earlyprimates/early_2.htm (1944 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Prosimians use their projecting front teeth for scraping gum off trees and for combing the tangles out of each other’s hair (and their own).
		This is important, particularly for small nocturnal prosimians which rely on their fur to keep them warm.
		They are all prosimians and are closely related to lemurs.
	www.szgdocent.org /resource/pp/p-prosim.htm (886 words)

	Madagascar -- A World Apart: Creature Features
		Unlike all other primates, prosimians have moist noses and rely on their sense of smell to determine what is safe to eat and to distinguish between individuals in their social groups.
		Like other primates, prosimians groom themselves and their acquaintances, but because prosimians can't use their fingers in the same way, they use their teeth as a comb.
		The first prosimian appears in the fossil record about 55 million years ago, the first monkey about 45 million years ago, and the first ape about 35 million years ago.
	www.pbs.org /edens/madagascar/creature2.htm (505 words)

	Duke University Primate Center - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1966, a prosimian colony of approximately 90 individuals was relocated from the Center for Prosimian Biology at Yale University to Duke University, and thus began the Duke University Primate Center (DUPC).
		The Primate Center, the only university-based facility in the world devoted to the study of prosimian primates, is home to the world's largest colony of endangered primates, including more than 250 lemurs, bush babies and lorises.
		In 1997, the center began a program to reintroduce fl and white ruffed lemurs to Madagascar, the first return of any prosimian primates to the island nation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Duke_University_Primate_Center (168 words)

	Early Primate Evolution: The First Primates
		Most species of living things had become extinct long before the first monkeys and their prosimian ancestors evolved.
		Among them were primate species that somewhat resemble modern prosimians such as lemurs, lorises, and possibly tarsiers.
		Compared to the prosimians, these early monkeys had fewer teeth, less fox-like snouts, larger brains, and increasingly more forward-looking eyes.
	anthro.palomar.edu /earlyprimates/first_primates.htm (1700 words)

	Comparative Placentation > Placentation
		But, from the analysis of placentas from a variety of mammals, it must be concluded that some of the diverse forms of placentas had separate origins.
		For instance, clearly the invasive simian placentas derived from prosimian ancestors with noninvasive placentas.
		The principal difference of simian and prosimian placentas is that, in the latter, the relationship to the maternal organism was appositional, in the former, invasive placentation evolved.
	www.medicine.ucsd.edu /cpa/placenta.html (1977 words)

	ChimpanZoo Web Site: Prosimii Suborder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Their rhinarium, or moist area around their nose, allows them to chemically analyze and identify smells and they have scent glands to mark where they have been for identification.
		Prosimians have ears positioned at the side of the head.
		The pads on the digits of their hands and feet enable them to grasp and cling to the branches and trunks of trees.
	www.chimpanzoo.org /prosimia.html (174 words)

	Prosimian Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Since the summer of 2002 we have been studying cognition in lemurs using a handful of different methods.
		Prosimians are a suborder of primates that split from the common ancestor of monkeys, apes, and humans approximately 47-54 million years ago and are our best living model of the earliest primate mind.
		We have trained two ring-tailed (Lemur catta) and two mongoose lemurs (Eulemur mongoz) to respond via a touch sensitive screen that is wheeled into their home enclosures.
	www.duke.edu /web/mind/level2/faculty/liz/prosimian_reasearch.htm (361 words)

	Duke Alumni Magazine-Lemur Laments-July/Aug 2001
		Current-day lemurs and their prosimian cousins in Africa descended from a line of primates that branched from the evolutionary tree some 50 million years ago, long before the appearance of monkeys, apes, and humans.
		Believed to be the most intelligent prosimian, the aye-aye has an uncanny ability to locate insects deep in wood by tapping, to perceive the shape of a buried cavity.
		Center veterinarian Cathy Williams says that her experience with scientists has convinced her that the center’s closure would mean loss of a unique resource for prosimian tissues, as well as decades of experience in the care and management of lemurs.
	www.dukemagazine.duke.edu /dukemag/issues/070801/lemur2.html (1992 words)

	Cholinergic axonal dystrophy and mitochondrial pathology in prosimian primates.
		Cholinergic axonal dystrophy and mitochondrial pathology in prosimian primates.
		Progressive cholinergic axonal dystrophy, cholinergic denervation, and generalized gliosis begin in the prosimian primate species Otolemur at 10% of maximum life span.
		Subclinical, cell-class specific mitochondrial dysfunction in these prosimian primates may be a model for human neurodegenerative diseases.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_8912903.html (302 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Although some latter-day prosimian species have spread to some of the drier parts of the Madagascan forests, the seasonal and temperature variations on Madagascar are quite mild compared to higher latititudes.
		And Madagascar is large enough to have preserved some of the diversity of the prosimian evolutionary radiation, from tiny dwarf lemurs to the dog-sized and terrestrial ring-tailed lemurs.
		If most North American Paleogene (Paleocene and Eocene) prosimians were such prima donnas when it came to food, it is not hard to see how any change in their environment and food source would have caused a problem.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /~reffland/anthropology/anthro2003/origins/primates/primate_evol/primate_paradise.html (577 words)

	PNAS Paper of N Bons
		No lemur (prosimian) prion sequences have been determined and none are in the works.
		In the case of the prosimian prion (rodent, (lemur, (NW monkey, (OW monkey, great ape)))) is the topology.
		Had the (prosimian, NW monkey) divergence been too recent relative to the rate of mutation, there would be few opportunities to apply the technique; if the divergence had been too early, the tree is essentially a trichotomy.
	www.mad-cow.org /~tom/mar99_mid_sci.html (8261 words)

	Prosimian Vision (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The prosimians (lemurs, bushbabies, lorises, etc.) are the most primitive order of primates.
		Vision in prosimians is an extremely interesting field at this time due to recent discussions about the beginnings of color vision.
		This site will attempt to give a comprehensive background to the phylum Prosimii, unite these recent findings in the field of prosimian sight, and finally relate this mode of sight to the mode we are most familiar with, humans.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /courses/anphys/2000/Pierce/Pierce.htm (135 words)

	ASM 00 Abstract - Matthew A. Smith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Prosimian species had well-developed VNOs with a relatively thick medial chemosensory epithelium, and a thin lateral, non-sensory epithelium.
		These findings suggest that humans and their closest extant relative, the chimpanzee, are similar in possessing a relatively superiorly positioned VNO, which lacks the clear sensory epithelium seen in prosimians.
		If the first ancestral primates possessed a VNO (as do all extant prosimians), then retention of the VNO may be a plesiomorphic trait in the chimpanzee and human, although the modification of this structure may represent a synapomorphic character.
	www.cnbc.cmu.edu /~masmith/research/asm00.html (399 words)

	Galagos - African Bush Baby - Prosimian Primate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Galagos, commonly referred to as the African Bush Baby, are one of my all time favorite Prosimian Primate, and the Sanctuary cares for a number of them.
		Murry, Samantha, Zak, Bengie, Floppy, Acacia, and Honey are classified as Galago garnettii and are the second largest of all the various species of Bush Baby or Galago.
		This is due to the fact that on the continent of Africa and Asia, the Prosimians had to compete for resources with more advanced primates like monkeys and apes which were active during the day, where Madagascar had no such competition.
	www.tigerhomes.org /animal/other-animals/bush-baby.cfm (744 words)

	AR.net >> Discussion Forum >> RE: Norway Wants to Increase Minke Whale Catch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		prosimians are clever little creatures that live blameless little lives, do not terrorize other animals, and love trees......
		That comment you mental midget was in response to mine where I said that I understood why David calls you "prosimian".
		She didn't like him calling you a prosimian because calling a spastic Neanderthal with a skull of concrete such as yourself a "prosimian" was an insult to prosimians everywhere.
	www.animalrights.net /74273 (219 words)

	Loris and potto behaviour - literature
		Ehrlich, A. 1969: Behavioral characteristics of the slow loris, galago and rhesus monkey.
		Narayan Rao, C., 1932: Observations on the habits of the slow loris, Loris lydekkerianus.
		Pariente, G. 1979: The role of vision in prosimian behaviour.
	www.loris-conservation.org /database/behaviour/Etho-Lit.html (1510 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Lemurs are prosimian primates that diverged from Anthropoids about 50 million years ago.
		Prosimian primates differ from other primates because they have:
		Even though they look kind of scary, they are believed to be a bad omen in Madagascar and are unfortunately killed because of that.
	www.cvm.missouri.edu /SCAAZV/lemurs.htm (565 words)

	Age dependence of the T2-weighted MRI signal in brain structures of a prosimian primate (Microcebus murinus). (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Age dependence of the T2-weighted MRI signal in brain structures of a prosimian primate (Microcebus murinus).
		Mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) are prosimian primates described to be convenient models of brain aging.
		We observed very high correlations between the T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal decrease and the natural logarithm of age in the basal ganglia.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_9453221.html (105 words)

	CURRENT RESEARCH PROJECTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Regular surveys of fruiting, flowering, and new leafing patterns of prosimian food items are also being conducted in conjunction with censuses of animal populations.
		Because mating behavior is rare in time and space, only long-term observation of groups with known individuals can elucidate which mechanisms affect this high degree of seasonality.
		Many prosimian primate species are female dominant (females are aggressive towards males), and/or show female feeding priority (females, in the absence of aggression, have priority of access to food resources over males).
	www.utexas.edu /courses/primate/Projects/Currentresearch.html (273 words)

	CDC - Naturally Occurring Ehrlichia chaffeensis Infection in Two Prosimian Primate Species: Ring-tailed Lemurs (Lemur ...
		Naturally occurring Ehrlichia chaffeensis infection in two prosimian primate species: ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata).
		She received her DVM from the University of California at Davis in 1985 and completed an internship in small animal medicine and surgery at the College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University.
		She specializes in the medical care and physiology of prosimian primates.
	www.cdc.gov /Ncidod/eid/vol8no12/02-0085.htm (2040 words)

	debcvnew
		Seed handling by Three prosimian primates in southeastern Madagascar: Implications for Seed dispersal.
		Overdorff, D. Ecological correlations of activity and habitat use of two Prosimian primates: Eulemur rubriventer and Eulemur fulvus rufus in Madagascar.
		Census of prosimian primates in southeastern rainforests of Madagascar.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/primate/Debcv.html (2129 words)

	JSU Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In conjuntion with the National Science Foundation and The University of Memphis, TN, the center promotes the study of prosimian primates and provides minority students with hands-on research in the study of a variety of topics in primatology.
		The JSU CPS was established under the umbrella of birth sex ratio bias research.
		In addition to the sex ratio bias, there are also projects that examine mother-infant interactions and how these bear upon the development of temperament and cognition.
	www.jsums.edu /research/pros.htm (112 words)

	Monkey article - Monkey Monkey (TV series) primate prosimian tarsier haplorhine families - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Monkey article - Monkey Monkey (TV series) primate prosimian tarsier haplorhine families - What-Means.com
		A monkey is a primate that isn't a prosimian (or a tarsier) or an ape.
		Put more technically, it is any haplorhine primate not belonging to the families Tarsiidae, Hylobatidae, and Hominidae.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Monkeys (345 words)

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