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Topic: Prosodic

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	Prosodic Font
		Prosody - the intonational and rhythmic patterns implicit in the spoken voice - is an autobiographical description of a speaker's expression, emotional state, and emphasis.
		As such, a Prosodic Font bridges the distance between the spoken and the written.
		The syntactic "point" of a sentence is often disambiguated from the rest of the sentence through prosodic means.
	xenia.media.mit.edu /~tara/prosodicFont.html (1061 words)

	Prosody (linguistics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		From an acoustic point of view, it means that the formant structure is farther from the structure of a neutral vowel (typically the schwa), and closer to the vowels that one might see in the stressed syllables of a carefully spoken word.
		The prosodic features of a unit of speech, whether a syllable, word, phrase, or clause, are typically called suprasegmental features because they typically affect all the segments of the unit.
		Note that the last syllable with a full vowel in a French prosodic unit is stressed, and that the last stressed syllable in an English prosodic unit has primary stress.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prosody_(linguistics) (888 words)

	The Prosodic Structure: Properties and Constraints
		To have a reasonable trust into the assumed prosodic structure of read sentences, the assumption here relies of the style of reading, possibly acquired at school at an early age, and whose goal is precisely to have the reader match the prosody with the syntactic organization of the sentence.
		If the prosodic structure exists, we should be able to discover the mechanism of its indication, looking at the melodic contours on the prosodic words stressed syllables, as long as we are reasonably certain that the analyzed sentences are pronounced with those intended structures.
		Prosodic words are defined from the effectively stressed syllables, and the hierarchical organization of the prosodic words is supposed to match the syntactic hierarchy of the corresponding units.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /epc/srb/cyber/Martin2.html (3758 words)

	Prosodic Font: Between the Spoken and the Written
		Prosodic Font could also be useful to researchers in prosody and speech as a tool to help recognize and identify prosodic and voice quality variation.
		Prosodic Font assumes that people intuitively understand intonation as a relative system of contrasts and similarities, and that people will still understood the semantic intention of prosody if the parameters that comprise its system are mapped onto a completely alternative medium.
		Prosodic Font simply represents an inhalation as a circle that grows from the center of the screen outwards; an exhalation is a large circle that shrinks.
	www.media.mit.edu /~tara/thesis_pf.html (19638 words)

	Prosodic Font
		Prosody - the intonational and rhythmic patterns implicit in the spoken voice - is an autobiographical description of a speaker's expression, emotional state, and emphasis.
		As such, a Prosodic Font bridges the distance between the spoken and the written.
		The syntactic "point" of a sentence is often disambiguated from the rest of the sentence through prosodic means.
	alumni.media.mit.edu /~tara/prosodicFont.html (1061 words)

	Research in the Prosodic Structure of Mandarin
		Prosodic structure is a structure in which syllables in a sentence are organized into a hierarchical structure.
		Eurhythmic Rule: (a) balance the number of syllables in the prosodic groups at the same level of the prosodic structure; (b) modify the rhythm of same level prosodic groups by accelerating groups with a larger number of syllables and slowing down those with a fewer number of syllables.
		The measurements of the duration of boundary pauses, pre-boundary syllables and prosodic words within the 6-syllable test phrases are used to determine the prosodic devices used to convey the boundaries.
	www.semioticon.com /virtuals/talks/chow.htm (1289 words)

	Prosodic Assignment in SPRUCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Prosodic assignment is treated as abstract, using a rule system to mark up the input sentences for the most plausible rhythm and intonation contours, using a formal means to express what listeners (or linguists) might have to say.
		The output of stage one for generating prosodic contours for input text is a series of abstract phonological strings which have been annotated with rhythm and intonation markers.
		As we move to stage two in generating the prosodics the inventory containing the normalised acoustic syllables (in the standard system - allophones, diphones, words, etc. in the derivative systems) is now accessed, and units matching the syllables of the phonological representation are retrieved in sequence.
	www.essex.ac.uk /speech/archive/ss-pros/ss-pros.html (2650 words)

	PERCEIVED PROMINENCE AND THE METRICAL-PROSODIC STRUCTURE OF DUTCH SENTENCES
		That is, a prosodic analysis which rigidly translates the syntactic surface structure into prosodic constituents, as proposed for instance by Nespor and Vogel (1986), leads to an abundance of prosodic heads and boundaries which have no acoustic and perceptional correspondents.
		Prosodic well-formedness mainly involves rhythmic alternation: at the phrasal level stresses must be distributed in accordance to principles of recurrence and hierarchical ordering (cf.
		The prosodic output constraints are often in conflict with the prosodic input constraints.
	www.fon.hum.uva.nl /Proceedings/Proceedings22/KarijnHelsloot/KarijnHelsloot1998.html (5377 words)

	Computing Papers on Prosodic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Prosodic Font is an object-oriented font that assumes a dynamic, temporal form.
		An analogous pattern of Prosodic focus on the inflected verb is referred to as "verum focus" when it occurs in declaratives where it is used to affirm the truth value of the proposition (Hoehle,1992), as in (3)b.
		To complicate things further, not all lexically stressed syllables are stressed in continuous speech, e.g., mono-syllabic function words are often not stressed; and a subset of lexically stressed syllables in a sentence also carry the pitch accents of the spoken utterance.
	computing.breinestorm.net /Prosodic (2845 words)

	Chunk Parsing and Prosodic Phrasing
		Prosodic phrasing is the means by which speakers of any given language break up an utterance into meaningful chunks.
		Prosodic phrasing is a universal characteristic of language [1] and is the means by which speakers of any given language break up an utterance into meaningful chunks.
		The algorithm defines a prosodic phrase as a sequence of chinks (the closed class of function words) followed by a sequence of chunks (the open class of content words) and inserts a boundary whenever a content word immediately precedes a function word.
	www.comp.leeds.ac.uk /claireb/acmchunk_final.htm (4908 words)

	Building prosodic models
		There is the apocryphal story of the speech synthesis example with an unnaturally long prosodic phrase played at a conference presentation.
		However depending on the actual application you wish to use the synthesizer for it may be the case that explicitly adding punctuation at desired phrase breaks is possible and a prediction system based solely on punctuation is adequate.
		The quality of all these three prosodic components is closely related such that if one is much better than there may not be any real benefit.
	www.festvox.org /bsv/c1637.html (1726 words)

	Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
		At the boundaries between prosodic phrases we often hear a change in the rhythm of the speech or a pause.
		(Prosodic phrase is still to be defined: assume that there's one prosodic phrase above that extends from the beginning to the end of the sentence).
		When the nuclear accented word is early in the prosodic phrase the pitch contour of a large part of the prosodic phrase is controlled by the boundary tone.
	www.ling.mq.edu.au /speech/phonetics/phonology/intonation/introduction.html (669 words)

	Prosodic Domains and Prosodic Structure
		These features may, therefore, be regarded as belonging to the prosodic system, while what is common to both syllable parts, initial and final, may be postulated as the consonant system."
		Prosodic features associated with both head and edges (a span).
		"Almost any type of `sound' may have prosodic function, and the same `sound' may have to be noticed both as a consonant or vowel unit and as a prosody".
	www.phon.ox.ac.uk /~jcoleman/PROSODIC_DOMAINS.htm (765 words)

	Building Voices in the Festival Speech Synthesis System - 7 Building prosodic models
		Often syntax is suggested as a strong correlate of prosodic phrase.
		For the most part intonation boundaries are defined to occur at prosodic phrase boundaries so that task is somewhat easier, though if you have a number of boundary tone types in your inventory then the prediction is not so straightforward.
		One thing which clearly shows off how imporoverished our prosodic models are is the comparing of predicted prosody with natural prosody.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~lenzo/papers/festvox/festvox_7.html (5815 words)

	Prosodic annotation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Below the prosodic annotation of the data is described in some detail, while also the aim and motivation for this type of annotation are touched upon.
		This had the advantage that the procedure for the prosodic annotation was independent of the avaibility of the phonetic transcriptions.
		Before the prosodic annotation was begun, all punctuation marks were removed from the orthographic transcription.
	lands.let.kun.nl /cgn/doc_English/topics/version_1.0/annot/prosody/info.htm (646 words)

	Prosody Workshop DGfS 2007
		Until the mid 90s of the last century, prosodic research mainly dealt with standard languages, using impressionistic judgements or a few speakers of the standard language as their data source.
		One of the tasks of prosodic research, therefore, will be to examine how much variation is involved in the prosody used by speakers of national standard languages, and, more generally, to examine the implications prosodic variation has for grammatical description.
		Papers on all topics related to prosodic variation and the relevance of prosody for grammar writing are welcome.
	www.let.ru.nl /gep/jp/dgfs2007/main.html (355 words)

	Prosodic Structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Some aspects of prosodic structure are employed contrastively within a language:
		Some aspects of prosodic structure are not employed contrastively, but differ from language to language.
		Prosodic structure is the domain that is crucial to defining certain phonetic properties
	www.ling.yale.edu /Ling120/Prosody/Prosodic_Structure.html (47 words)

	Prosodic Forces
		The account of sound making in a population must lead us into a discussion about the prosodic forces that are present in the phenomenon of language production.
		The time scale that extends between pre-prosodic and prosodic forces is not clear; we can assume that the process was fostered over a long period of time.
		Linguistic phenomena such as the shortening of scope, the functionalization of vocables, the creation of order sensitive constructions less reliant on prosody are all attempts to preserve a causal flow necessary to the shareability of language.
	www.cecm.sfu.ca /~thalie/PhD/node95.html (793 words)

	Linguist List - Dissertation Abstracts
		This dissertation is an examination of the prosodic structure of the closely related Goidelic languages: Irish, Scots Gaelic, and Manx.
		It is shown that the WSP has had a recurring effect on the prosodic development of Old Irish from Proto-Insular Celtic and on the evolution of Old Irish into Middle and Early Modern Irish, and thence to the modern Goidelic languages.
		It is further argued that a prosodic constituent called the colon must be included in the prosodic hierarchy between the prosodic word and the foot, with evidence from both Goidelic and non-Goidelic languages that certain facts of stress and prosodic size cannot be explained adequately without reference to the colon.
	linguistlist.org /pubs/diss/browse-diss-action.cfm?DissID=489 (373 words)

	RE: Baseline and Relative Prosodic Attributes from Daniel Burnett on 2004-02-21 (www-voice@w3.org from January to March ...
		RE: Baseline and Relative Prosodic Attributes from Daniel Burnett on 2004-02-21 (www-voice@w3.org from January to March 2004)
		Relative changes in prosodic parameters should be carried across voice changes.
		However, different voices have different natural defaults for pitch, speaking rate, etc. because they represent different personalities, so absolute values of the prosodic parameters may vary across changes in the voice.
	lists.w3.org /Archives/Public/www-voice/2004JanMar/0028.html (344 words)

	Predicting Automatic Speech Recognition Performance Using Prosodic Cues - Litman, Hirschberg, Swerts (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Abstract: In spoken dialogue systems, it is important for a system to know how likely a speech recognition hypothesis is to be correct, so it can reprompt for fresh input, or, in cases where many errors have occurred, change its interaction strategy or switch the caller to a human attendant.
		We have discovered prosodic features which more accurately predict when a recognition hypothesis contains a word error than the acoustic confidence score thresholds traditionally used in automatic speech recognition.
		10 Prosodic and lexical indications of discourse structure in h..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /246794.html (691 words)

	VERSIONS OF SEC MATERIAL
		The unpunctuated transcriptions and the prosodic transcriptions were produced using the spoken recordings; the punctuated transcriptions were produced from the unpunctuated transcriptions; and the tagged versions were produced using the punctuated transcriptions.
		the punctuated version must be free from any prosodic information, and the prosodic version must be free from any punctuation clues.
		The prosodic transcriptions were produced using the unpunctuated versions of the text and the audio tapes.
	khnt.hit.uib.no /icame/manuals/sec/VERS.HTM (2019 words)

	Workshop 3: Prosodic phrasing
		Generative approaches to the syntax-phonology mapping have emphasized the correspondence between grammatical boundaries and prosodic ones, and the role of syntax on the prediction of prosodic phrase boundaries across languages.
		Constraints such as edge alignment to syntactic constituents or heads (Selkirk 1986, 1995, 2000, Nespor and Vogel 1986), non-branching of constituents in p-restructuring (Nespor and Vogel 1986) and the demand that each maximal projection (XP) be contained in a phonological phrase (Truckenbrodt 1995, 1999) have been extensively used.
		One of the aims of this workshop will be to assess the relevance of syntactic and prosodic constraints (and their interaction) in predicting prosodic phrase location across languages.
	seneca.uab.es /ggt/glow2006/workshop3.htm (258 words)

	Amazon.com: "prosodic organization": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Haruo Kubozono's "The Syllable as a Unit of Prosodic Organization in Japanese" shows that even in a so-called moraic language like Japanese, the syllable is an indispensable prosodic constituent.
		The relationship between this aspect of coarticulation and prosodic organization is particularly interesting to pursue for another reason.
		However, infants at this age also are beginning to learn about the prosodic organization of utterances in their native language.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/prosodic-organization (361 words)

	Prosodic Information: Affect, Stress, Register: Voice-Sign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This workshop will provide participants with an introduction to the concept and process of including prosodic information in spoken language, sign language, and interpreting.
		Participants will be introduced to the concept in their first language, English, by means of verbal exercises and listening exercises.
		Participants will then be exposed to three separate components of prosody: stress, affect, and register, all of which are utilized in complete utterances (see workshop on Sentence Boundaries).
	www.nyedinterp.net /modules/prosodic.html (145 words)

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