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Topic: Prostaglandin analogue

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	3-Hydroxy and 3-oxo-prostaglandin analogues - Patent 4351846
		A prostaglandin analogue according to claim 1 wherein the grouping --R.sup.2 --R.sup.3 represents n-pentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylpentyl, n-hexyl, 2-methylhexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentylmethyl, 2-cyclopentylethyl, 3-ethylcyclopentyl, 3-propylcyclopentyl, 3-butylcyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, 2-cyclohexylethyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-propylcyclohexyl, benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, phenoxymethyl, 3-chlorophenoxymethyl, 4-chlorophenoxymethyl or 3-trifluoromethylphenoxymethyl.
		A prostaglandin analogue according to claim 1 wherein the group OR.sup.6 attached to the C-15 carbon atoms in formula IV depicted in claim 1 is in.alpha.-configuration.
		A prostaglandin analogue according to claim 1 wherein R.sup.6 represents a hydroxy-protecting group which may be removed under mild acidic conditions and the other symbols are as defined in claim 1.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4351846.html (4541 words)

	Preparation of 15-deoxy-16-hydroxyprostaglandins - Patent 4132738
		Prostaglandins are classified according to the functional groups present in the five-membered ring and the presence of double bonds in the ring or chains.
		The prostaglandin analogues of formula IV and VI are prepared according to the reaction sequence depicted in Table A, described hereinafter.
		Prostaglandin E.sub.1, at a bath concentration of 0.1 mcg/ml, was then tested repeatedly on two such strips, obtained from two different animals, until two responses (the values of which are recorded) differing by no more than 25% occur.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4132738.html (15676 words)

	Prostaglandin Based Estrus Synchronization in Postpartum Dairy Cows: An Update
		Meta-analysis of the effect of prostaglandin treatment during the early postpartum period revealed no increase in pregnancy rate to first artificial insemination in cows with a normal or abnormal puerperium, while the period from calving to first AI was significantly reduced, thus reducing the number of days open in the dairy farm.
		In conclusion, prostaglandin and its analogues are the main components of different hormone combination protocols used to synchronize estrus or ovulation, giving rise to acceptable pregnancy rates in dairy cows.
		Prostaglandin alone or in combination with different hormones has proved to be efficient at synchronizing estrus in postpartum dairy cows, improving reproductive efficiency in dairy farms.
	www.jarvm.com /articles/Vol1Iss1/LOPEZDJVM.htm (6139 words)

	NAF \| Professional Education \| Educational Resources \| Medical Abortion \| History and Overview
		By adding small doses of a prostaglandin analogue a few days later to stimulate uterine contractions, investigators discovered that they could induce a complete medical abortion in nearly 100 percent of women.
		In 1988, France became the first country to license the combination of mifepristone and a prostaglandin analogue for abortion during early pregnancy.
		The prostaglandin analogue misoprostol accelerates the process of expulsion by stimulating uterine contractions as well as softening the cervix.
	www.prochoice.org /education/resources/med_history_overview.html (1344 words)

	Preventing NSAID-induced ulcers through other drugs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Since misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin of type E1, it can be expected to have an effect in other areas of the body where regulatory prostaglandins are created.
		Normal prostaglandins in the kidneys are released to compensate for renal vasoconstriction.
		The prostaglandins PGE2 and PGI2 stimulate vasodilatation (15).
	elfstrom.com /arthritis/nsaids/prevention.html (1405 words)

	Effects of Low-Dose Beraprost Sodium, a Stable Prostaglandin I2 Analogue, on Reperfusion Injury to Rabbit Lungs -- ...
		Attentuation of ischemia reperfusion-induced lung edema by prostaglandin I
		analogue OP-2507 in the isolated perfused rat lung.
		Permeability of endothelial monolayers to albumin is increased by bradykinin and inhibited by prostaglandins
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/158/5/1669 (3817 words)

	Antonio Horta - Citações - Curriculum
		On the importance of steroids and prostaglandins for the expulsion of the placenta in cattle.
		Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and uterine subinvolution in the cow.
		Prostaglandin F-2 alpha, E-2 and I-2 release during the puerperal period in cow: endocrine data and therapeutic perspectives.
	horta.0catch.com /aemh/CITACOES.HTM (3621 words)

	Research on regimens for early medical abortion
		Neither prostaglandins nor mifepristone were sufficiently effective alone, however, and it was eventually the sequential regimen of mifepristone followed by a suitable prostaglandin analogue that offered women a viable alternative to surgical abortion.
		Since the prostaglandins alone did not fulfil expectations, the discovery of the antiprogestogen mifepristone in 1980 was welcomed with great enthusiasm.
		Research carried out during the last 20 years on mifepristone and prostaglandins has led to the development of a medical abortion regimen that has proven to be effective and safe when properly provided.
	www.gfmer.ch /Endo/Lectures_10/Jamwa.htm (3861 words)

	CNC
		A parallel-group study of long-term safety of a prostaglandin analogue eye drops compared to beta – blocker eye drops in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
		A six-week, double-masked, parallel group, primary-therapy study of the safety and efficacy of prostaglandin analogue eye drops followed by a six-week open-label treatment in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
		A 4-week, dose-raging, multicenter, randomised, double-masked, parallel study comparing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of prostaglandin analogue eye drops in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
	www.uc.pt /cnc/CNC-Eng/aibiliserv.php (2034 words)

	Long-term safety data on Xalatan presented
		XALATAN® is the only prostaglandin analogue used in the treatment of OAG with 5-year efficacy and safety data to support its long-term use.
		Increased iris pigmentation was reported during the study - an effect which is seen with all ophthalmic prostaglandin OAG therapies - particularly in patients with green-brown, yellow-brown or blue-grey/brown irides.
		XALATAN is a prostaglandin analog that is a modification of a naturally occurring substance present in various forms throughout the body.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-05/k-lsd050202.php (546 words)

	Data Sheet
		Preparation for the action of prostaglandin analogues in the termination of pregnancy for medical reasons (to reduce the doses of prostaglandin): 600 mg of mifepristone (3 tablets) taken in a single oral dose, 36-48 hrs prior to scheduled prostaglandin administration which will be repeated as often as indicated.
		Uncommon cases of malformations have occurred in the human foetus or infant but the exact role of mifepristone, prostaglandin analogue or coincidental event is unknown.
		Uterine rupture has been uncommonly reported after prostaglandin intake for induction of second trimester termination or labour induction for foetal death, particularly in multiparous women or those with a caesarian scar.
	www.medsafe.govt.nz /profs/Datasheet/m/Mifegynetab.htm (1670 words)

	Cytotec - Cytotec Side Effects - Cytotec Information - Canada Pharmacy - Canada Drugs
		Known sensitivity to prostaglandins, prostaglandin analogues or excipients (microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium starch glycolate and hydrogenated castor oil).
		Some prostaglandins and prostaglandin analogues have the capacity to produce hypotension through peripheral vasodilation.
		In animals, the acute toxic effects are similar to those reported for other prostaglandins and prostaglandin analogues: relaxation of smooth muscle, respiratory difficulties and depression of the CNS.
	www.rxcarecanada.com /Cytotec.asp (2070 words)

	DARE abstract20000850 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		For MIF regimes, studies were grouped by number of doses of prostaglandin (one versus more than one) and by prostaglandin route (vaginal versus oral).
		Effect of prostaglandin analogue doses: multiple doses of MIS in the MIF-MIS regimen may be better than a single dose with higher success (p=0.06),showing higher success and lower incomplete (p=0.02) and viable pregnancy rates (p=0.02) in all gestational age categories, although not in studies with unspecified gestational age.
		Effect of other regimen factors: route of prostaglandin analogue administration is a significant predictor of incomplete abortion for the MIF-MIS regimen (oral 6.4%, 95% CI: 5.3, 7.6; vaginal 2.1%, 95% CI: 0.1, 6.3; p=0.05), although this effect is impossible to separate from the number of prostaglandin analogue doses.
	nhscrd.york.ac.uk /online/dare/20000850.htm (1784 words)

	Local Changes in Blood Flow Within the Early and Midcycle Corpus Luteum after Prostaglandin F2{alpha} Injection in the ...
		Effects of a synthetic prostaglandin analogue, cloprostenol, on the corpus luteum of the guinea pig.
		Characteristics of prostaglandin F measurements in the ovarian circulation during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in the cow.
		Hayashi K, Miyamoto A. Angiotensin II interacts with prostaglandin F2 and endothelin-1 as a local luteolytic factor in the bovine corpus luteum in vitro.
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/66/3/651 (4448 words)

	Facial Neuralgia Resources: Misoprostol
		Our results suggest that misoprostol is effective and safe in the treatment of this specific type of refractory trigeminal neuralgia.
		Misoprostol, a long-acting prostaglandin E1 analogue, relieved pain in six of seven patients who had failed to respond to conventional pharmacologic therapy.
		Anthony T. Reder and Barry G. Arnason, neurologists at the University of Chicago's Brain Research Institute found that this drug relieved TN pain in six of seven MS patients who had had no success with numerous other therapies.
	facial-neuralgia.org /treatments/drugs/misoprostol.html (448 words)

	NAF \| International Programs \| Training Sites \| South Africa \| History and Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		By adding small doses of a prostaglandin analogue a few days later to stimulate uterine contractions, investigators discovered that the paired medication regimen could effect a complete medical abortion in nearly 100 percent of women.
		In 1988, France and China became the first countries to license the combination of mifepristone and a prostaglandin analogue for abortion during early pregnancy.
		Medical termination of early pregnancy with mifepristone (RU 486) followed by a prostaglandin analogue: study in 16, 369 women.
	prochoice.org /international/training/south_africa_med_ab.html (1057 words)

	Abortion and Termination of Pregnancy - New Methods, May 2, 2006
		Mifepristone (RU 486) is an analogue of norethindrone with high affinity for progesterone receptors.
		The effectiveness is increased to approximately 95% by the addition of a low-dose prostaglandin analogue.
		prostaglandin E2 should not be used, or overstimulation and uterine rupture may occur.
	www.ccspublishing.com /journals3a/pregnancy_termination.htm (1815 words)

	The prostaglandin E2 analogue sulprostone antagonizes vasopressin-induced antidiuresis through activation of Rho -- ...
		The prostaglandin E2 analogue sulprostone antagonizes vasopressin-induced antidiuresis through activation of Rho -- Tamma et al.
		Differential localization of prostaglandin E receptor subtypes in human kidney.
		Breyer, M. and Breyer, R. Prostaglandin E receptors and the kidney.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/116/16/3285 (5412 words)

	eMJA: Medical abortion for Australian women: it's time
		Mifepristone is usually used in combination with a prostaglandin analogue, such as misoprostol; these drugs have been added to the World Health Organization’s list of essential medicines for developing countries.
		When used for medical termination of pregnancy, mifepristone is usually administered with a prostaglandin analogue (either misoprostol or gemeprost), which brings about expulsion of the uterine contents.
		In early pregnancy, various drug regimens have been used, most commonly mifepristone (200 mg orally) followed by the prostaglandin analogue misoprostol (one or more doses vaginally or orally), either commencing at the time mifepristone is given or 1–3 days later.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/183_07_031005/dec10429fm.html (2586 words)

	Footnotes: Citizen Petition to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on RU 486
		For data on RU 486 with other prostaglandins, see Ulmann, et al., 1992 (reporting 3 myocardial infarctions (1 fatal) and 3 cases of severe hypotension after sulprostone injection).
		A study by Ulmann, et al., indicates a lower, but still significant incidence of noncompliance: (1) 0.3% of women given RU 486 were lost to follow-up prior to PG administration; and (2) 0.8% never received a PG even though they had not aborted.
		III 281 (1986); Silvestre, et al., Voluntary Interruption Of Pregnancy With Mifepristone (RU 486) And A Prostaglandin Analogue, 322 N. Eng.
	www.fnsa.org /v1n3/americans2.html (5906 words)

	PERINATAL TRIALS REPORT
		This is a prospective randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial comparing vaginal prostaglandins E2 gel with an oral synthetic prostaglandin E2 analogue (misoprostal) in the induction of labour at term.
		Both agents are thought to be equally effective in inducing labour.
		) with the oral synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E
	www.ctc.usyd.edu.au /6registry/PTO361.htm (114 words)

	Travatan eye drops
		Travoprost reduces the pressure in the eye by mimicking the action of a naturally-occuring prostaglandin.
		Prostaglandins are a group of chemicals found in many places in the body.
		Travoprost is a synthetic prostaglandin and acts on the same receptors in the eye as the natural prostaglandins.
	www.netdoctor.co.uk /medicines/100004674.html (1089 words)

	Luteal Regression in the Primate: Different Forms of Cell Death During Naturaland Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ...
		In vivo responses of the primate corpus luteum to luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin.
		Salazar H, Furr BJA, Smith GK, Bentley M, Gonzalez-Angulo A. Luteolytic effects of a prostaglandin analogue, cloprostenol (ICI 80,996) in rats: ultrastructural and biochemical observations.
		Morphology of the corpus luteum in the sheep during regression induced by prostaglandin F
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/61/6/1468 (5895 words)

	Gemeprost Pessaries
		Gemeprost belongs to a group of medicines called prostaglandin analogues.
		Prostaglandins are hormone-like substance present in a wide variety of tissues and body fluids including the womb (uterus), brain, lungs, kidney and semen.
		Alprostadil – one of the prostaglandins, is responsible for the softening and widening of the entrance to the uterus (cervix) and stimulation of the muscles of the uterus to contract during normal childbirth.
	www2.netdoctor.co.uk /medicines/100001155.html (532 words)

	Learn more about Pharmacology in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		(see also Digestive system) antacid, reflux suppressant, antiflatulent, antidopaminergic, antispasmodic, proton pump inhibitor, H2 antagonists, cytoprotectant, prostaglandin analogue, laxative, antidiarrhoeal, bile acids
		androgen, antiandrogen, gonadotropin, corticosteroid, growth hormone, insulin, antidiabetic, thyroid hormones, antithyroid drugs, calcitonin, diphosponate, vasopressin analogues
		gamolenic acid, gonadotropin release inhibitor, progestogen, dopamine agonist, oestrogen, prostaglandin, gonadorelin, clomiphene, tamoxifen, Diethylstilbestrol
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /p/ph/pharmacology.html (478 words)

	Dissertations from Karolinska Institutet - Published by Karolinska Institutet Karolinska Institutet - ki.se
		Medical abortion with mifepristone and prostaglandin was first introduced in 1988, and is now approved in 29 countries.
		The overall aim of the thesis was to evaluate possible improvements in medical abortion using mifepristone in combination with the prostaglandin E1 analogue misoprostol.
		Different aspects of the treatment were studied including criteria for evaluation of complete abortion, acceptability, pain management and a new form of slow release misoprostol.
	diss.kib.ki.se /2005/91-7140-458-9 (642 words)

	Alcon Receives Positive Opinion for DuoTrav Eye Drops Solution from CHMP
		Because both medicines are included in one drop, the combination increases convenience for patients currently taking more than one glaucoma medication, which is about half of glaucoma patients.
		The approval sets the stage for marketing authorization of DuoTrav™ eye drops solution in the European Union (EU) to decrease IOP in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who are insufficiently responsive to topical beta-blockers or prostaglandin analogues.
		Alcon estimates the European glaucoma market to be more than $1.1 billion, with almost 10% of the market comprised of combination prostaglandin analogue products.
	www.docguide.com /dg.nsf/PrintPrint/CA763D4AC4834AA1852571200013FAAA (645 words)

	Effect of latanoprost on intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma on maximal tolerated medical treatment -- ...
		Latanoprost 0.005% is a prostaglandin analogue that causes reduction of the intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing
		Nilsson SEF, Samuelsson M, Bill A, Stjernschantz J. Increased uveoscleral outflow as a possible mechanism of ocular hypotension caused by prostaglandin F-2-alpha-1-isopropyl ester in the cynomolgus monkey.
		The effect on aqueous dynamics of PhXA41, a new prostaglandin F-2-alpha analogue, after topical application in normal and ocular hypertensive human eyes.
	bjo.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/81/12/1115b (715 words)

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