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Topic: Prostaglandin

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	Prostaglandin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The prostaglandins together with the thromboxanes form the prostanoid class of fatty acid derivatives; the prostanoid class is a subclass of eicosanoids.
		The cyclooxygenase pathway produces thromboxane, prostacyclin and prostaglandin D, E and F. The lipoxygenase pathway is active in leukocytes and in macrophages and synthesises leukotrienes.
		Prostaglandins thus act on a variety of cells such as vascular smooth muscle cells causing constriction or dilation, on platelets causing aggregation or disaggregation and on spinal neurons causing pain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prostaglandin (969 words)

	Prostaglandin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Prostaglandin is one of the prostanoid class of fatty acid derivative lipids containing prostaglandins and thromboxanes.
		Prostaglandin was first isolated from seminal fluid in 1936, they were believed to have been added from the prostate.
		The cyclooxygenase pathway produces thromboxane, prostacyclin and prostaglandin D, E and F. The lipoxygenase pathway is active in leukocytes and in macrophages and synthesises leukotrines.
	www.bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/p/pr/prostaglandin.html (255 words)

	Prostaglandin analogs for glaucoma - [Medication] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Prostaglandin analogs reduce pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure, or IOP) by increasing the removal of fluid (aqueous humor) from the eye.
		Prostaglandin analogs are used to reduce intraocular pressure in people who have open-angle glaucoma or high intraocular pressure (ocular hypertension).
		Prostaglandin analogs should be used with caution by people who have infections in the eye (uveitis), who have had cataract surgery or other problems with the lens of the eye, or who are at risk for swelling in the macula at the back of the eye.
	www.luhs.org /health/kbase/htm/hw15/5236/hw155236.htm (503 words)

	Prostaglandin information : by Ray Sahelian, M.D. food and prostaglandins
		Prostaglandin gel is a medication used to soften and thin the cervix (opening to the womb or uterus).
		Prostaglandin E2 Prostaglandin E2 is a principal mediator of inflammation in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
		Prostaglandins have both positive and negative effects on reproduction; they are used to synchronize estrus, induce parturition, and treat retained placenta, luteinized cysts, and chronic endometritis.
	www.raysahelian.com /prostaglandin.html (1109 words)

	* Prostaglandin - (Pregnancy & Parenting): Definition
		Pitocin and prostaglandin (PGE2) inductions are shown to contribute to severely painful labor conditions, higher incidence of fetal distress and injury, uterine rupture and repeat cesarean deliveries.
		This rise is thought to be associated with the induction of oxytocin receptors in the uterus, increased prostaglandin synthesis, and increased myometrial gap junction proteins.
		Prostaglandin: Also called by various more specific names, such as dinoprost; a hormone produced by the body that may be administered to induce labor.
	en.mimi.hu /pregnancy/prostaglandin.html (1065 words)

	Prostaglandin - definition from Biology-Online.org
		The abbreviation for prostaglandin is pG, specific compounds are designated by adding one of the letters A through I to indicate the type of substituents found on the hydrocarbon skeleton and a subscript (1, 2 or 3) to indicate the number of double bonds in the hydrocarbon skeleton for example, PGE2.
		The predominant naturally occurring prostaglandins all have two double bonds and are synthesised from arachidonic acid (5, 8, 11, 14 eicosatetraenoic acid) by the pathway shown in the illustration.
		Prostaglandins are rapidly degraded in the lungs and will not therefore persist in the circulation.
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/Prostaglandin (469 words)

	Intravenous prostaglandin for induction of labour (Cochrane Review) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		To determine the effects of intravenous prostaglandin for third trimester cervical ripening or induction of labour.
		The use of intravenous prostaglandin was associated with higher rates of uterine hyperstimulation both with changes in the fetal heart rate (relative risk (RR) 6.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23 to 37.11) and without (RR 4.25, 95% CI 1.48 to 12.24) compared to oxytocin.
		Intravenous prostaglandin is no more efficient than intravenous oxytocin for the induction of labour but its use is associated with higher rates of maternal side-effects and uterine hyperstimulation.
	www.update-software.com /abstracts/ab002864.htm (489 words)

	prostaglandin
		Prostaglandins are highly potent substances that are not stored but are produced as needed by cell membranes in virtually every body tissue.
		Prostaglandins also control the substances involved in the transmission of nerve impulses, participate in the body's defenses against infection, and regulate the rate of metabolism in various tissues.
		Indomethacin and methacholine tolerance in normal subjects: role of prostaglandin synthesis in the attenuation of methacholine's effect......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0840287.html (355 words)

	Prostaglandin analogs may affect central corneal thickness and stiffness - American Academy of Ophthalmology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Prostamides and prostaglandin analogs are the most widely prescribed class of glaucoma medications in the United States and are considered the most potent compounds available for lowering IOP.
		Since applanation tonometry is dependent on corneal thickness and stiffness, prostaglandin analogs might lower IOP as well as affect the accuracy of applanation tonometry.
		Effects of prostaglandin analogues on the blood–aqueous barrier and central corneal thickness of phakic patients with primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
	www.aao.org /education/sit_glaucoma/0003.cfm?RenderForPrint=1& (453 words)

	The Use of Prostaglandin Therapy for Pyometritis
		It is even possible for the prostaglandin to open the cervix of the uterus in pyometrias that are not discharging.
		Prostaglandins are used in conjunction with the IV fluids and antibiotics, and other supportive therapy as previously mentioned.
		Reactions of a bitch to prostaglandin therapy are ones of weakness, trembling, and collapse.
	www.workingdogs.com /doc0100.htm (966 words)

	Prostaglandin
		Prostaglandine werden in der Augenheilkunde in Form von Wirkstoffanteilen in Augentropfen (z.
		In der Gastroenterologie wird das Prostaglandin Misoprostol zur Prävention von Magenschleimhautschäden bei Langzeiteinnahme nichtsteroidaler Antiphlogistika eingesetzt.
		Zum anderen wird Prostaglandin zur Weheneinleitung eingesetzt, um bei einem Schwangerschaftsabbruch in vergleichsweise späten Schwangerschaftsstadien (Spätabbruch) eine künstliche Fehl- bzw.
	www.web-lexikon.de /Prostaglandin.html (409 words)

	Influence of cortisol on prostaglandin synthesis by fetal membranes, placenta, and uterus of pregnant rabbits - ...
		Two experiments were designed to assess the effects of cortisol on prostaglandin formation in amniotic fluid and the prostaglandin-forming cyclooxygenase in 4 gestational tissues of rabbits.
		Therefore, even though increased prostaglandin production may be responsible for the cortisol-induced abortion, increased cyclooxygenase activity in the fetal membranes, placenta, or uterus probably is not the primary stimulus for the increased prostaglandin synthesis.
		Influence of cortisol on prostaglandin synthesis by fetal membranes, placenta, and uterus of pregnant rabbits.
	www.rti.org /abstract.cfm?pubid=2450 (288 words)

	VBAC and Prostaglandin E2
		It should be distinguished from Prostaglandin E1, known as Cytotec or Misoprostol, because the two drugs have some important differences and have different implications for women planning a VBAC.
		Comparison of the safety and efficacy of intravaginal misoprostol (prostaglandin E1) with those of dinoprostone (prostaglandin E2) for cervical ripening and induction of labor in a community hospital.
		The incidence of uterine hyperstimulation was higher with prostaglandin E2 (7.4% vs 0.7%).
	www.homebirth.org.uk /pe2.htm (1962 words)

	Prostaglandin analog treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension -- Alexander et al. 36 (3): 504 -- The Annals of ...
		DATA SYNTHESIS: The prostaglandin analogs appear to be effective, well-tolerated agents for the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
		Prostaglandin analogs may be used in conjunction with other antiglaucoma medications, although further studies must establish the optimal combination.
		Patients should be educated on adverse events associated with prostaglandin analogs, particularly the potential for changes in the pigmentation of the iris and eyelashes.
	www.theannals.com /cgi/content/abstract/36/3/504 (423 words)

	Why Prostaglandin may not cause estrus in mares
		Prostaglandin F2α is commonly used in the mare to cause her to enter estrus (come in to "heat").
		In other words, the administration of prostaglandin F2α sooner than 5 days after an ovulation, or in the absence of an ovulation (such as during transitional phase before the first ovulation of the year) will not result in a return to estrus.
		While the use of prostaglandin F2α may be an easy way to induce estrus, it is not without considerable complications that are often not understood and which can result in failure.
	www.equine-reproduction.com /articles/Prostaglandin.shtml (916 words)

	Olympus MIC-D: Polarized Light Gallery - Prostaglandin A1
		Prostaglandin A1 Prostaglandins are members of the lipid class of biochemicals and are known for their potent physiological properties by regulating fat metabolism, inflammatory response, hormones, as well as the cardiovascular, immune, and central nervous systems.
		Prostaglandins act in a manner similar to that of hormones, by stimulating target cells into action.
		First discovered in semen, prostaglandins received their name from the prostate gland, where they were first thought to originate.
	www.olympusmicro.com /micd/galleries/polarized/prostaglandina1.html (413 words)

	Tripping Lightly Down the Prostaglandin Pathways
		Prostaglandins are a subset of a larger family of substances called eicosanoids.
		Prostaglandins are produced in the cells by the action of enzymes on essential fatty acids.
		Prostaglandins are localized tissue hormones produced in the cells by the action of enzymes on essential fatty acids.
	www.westonaprice.org /knowyourfats/tripping.html (4162 words)

	Prostaglandin and Leukotrienes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Prostaglandin E2 Decreases Allergen-stimulated Release of Prostaglandin D2 in Ai...
		The Effects of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde on the Metabolism of Prostaglandin E2 an...
		Prostaglandin Synthase-1 and Prostaglandin Synthase-2 Are Coupled to Distinct Ph...
	www.scienceoxygen.com /food/233.html (399 words)

	* Prostaglandin gel - (Pregnancy & Parenting): Definition
		Inserting a prostaglandin gel or suppository into the vagina to ripen the cervix.
		Prostaglandin gel and oxytocin (Pitocin®) are the most common medications.
		There are natural methods of induction (physical activity, intercourse, nipple stimulation, homeopathy, acupressure, herbs) as well as medical interventions, such as using an IV drip of the hormone oxytocin (Pitocin), placing prostaglandin gel on...
	en.mimi.hu /pregnancy/prostaglandin_gel.html (512 words)

	The prostaglandin E2 EP1 receptor mediates pain perception and regulates blood pressure -- Stock et al. 107 (3): 325 -- ...
		focused on a receptor for one of the prostaglandins (PGE
		Prostaglandin synthase 2 gene disruption causes severe renal pathology in the mouse.
		Prostaglandin synthase 1 gene disruption in mice reduces arachidonic acid-induced inflammation and indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/107/3/325 (4507 words)

	Inadvertent administration of prostaglandin E1 instead of prostaglandin F2 alpha in a patient with uterine atony and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Inadvertent administration of prostaglandin E1 instead of prostaglandin F2 alpha in a patient with uterine atony and hemorrhage -- Reedy et al.
		Inadvertent administration of prostaglandin E1 instead of prostaglandin F2 alpha in a patient with uterine atony and hemorrhage
		Prostaglandin E1 instead of prostaglandin F2 alpha was inadvertently administered in an effort to control the hemorrhage.
	www.greenjournal.org /cgi/content/abstract/79/5/890 (143 words)

	Embryonic prostaglandin H synthase-2 (PHS-2) expression and benzo[a]pyrene teratogenicity in PHS-2 knockout mice -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Embryonic prostaglandin H synthase-2 (PHS-2) expression and benzo[a]pyrene teratogenicity in PHS-2 knockout mice
		Marnett, L. (1990) Prostaglandin synthase-mediated metabolism of carcinogens and a potential role for peroxyl radicals as reactive intermediates.
		Prostaglandin H synthase-catalyzed bioactivation of amphetamines to free radical intermediates that cause CNS regional DNA oxidation and nerve terminal degeneration
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/16/9/1001 (4901 words)

	Prostaglandin H<sub>2</sub> synthase-1
		Eicosanoid compounds such as prostaglandins are formed from the essential fatty acid, arachidonic acid (AA), by the enzymes in the arachidonate cascade.
		Prostaglandins initiate and modulate cell and tissue responses involved in many physiological processes such as platelet aggregation and inflammation.
		Simulations with the natural COX substrate, arachidonic acid (AA), inside the COX binding channel reveal sequences of concerted bond rotations in the fatty acid alkyl chain which obviate the need for gross conformational changes in the protein and substrate during unbinding and binding.
	www.ks.uiuc.edu /Research/pghs (547 words)

	BREDSUM Prostaglandin Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This option displays statistics regarding prostaglandin usage, assuming prostaglandin treatments are recorded as an event.
		The program first displays the event list, then prompts for the event that is used as prostaglandin.
		Prostaglandin used for estrus induction purposes needs to be recorded separately from therapeutic and other uses.
	www.vas.com /webhelp/dcwinwrd/bredsum_prostaglandin_analysis.htm (86 words)

	Prostaglandin E1 opens the ductus venosus in the newborn lamb -- Morin 21 (3): 225 -- Pediatric Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Prostaglandin E1 opens the ductus venosus in the newborn lamb -- Morin 21 (3): 225 -- Pediatric Research
		Prostaglandin E1 opens the ductus venosus in the newborn lamb
		We speculate that prostaglandin E1 may be useful in reopening the
	www.pedresearch.org /cgi/content/abstract/21/3/225 (301 words)

	Prostaglandin analogs for hair growth: Great expectations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Latanoprost, a prostaglandin analog, has been reported to stimulate eyelash growth in patients using it in eye preparations for glaucoma and body and scalp hair growth when used topically in various animal models.
		Shortly after the introduction of a prostaglandin analog, latanoprost (Xalatan®), as an intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering drug for use in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension, the stimulating effect of this drug on eyebrow and eyelash hair growth and pigmentation was reported in an ophthalmology journal.
		In a more recent study, prostaglandin receptor (EP)3 and EP4 mRNA were expressed in the dermal papilla cells and the outer-root-sheath cells located in the hair bulb region, respectively, in 3-week-old mouse dorsal skin (in the anagen phase).
	dermatology.cdlib.org /93/commentary/alopecia/wolf.html (1986 words)

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