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	Protagoras (dialogue) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Protagoras argues that society is capable of instilling a sense of justice in the individual.
		Protagoras is evidently a teacher of the political art for hire, and a sophist.
		Particularly interesting about Protagoras is that as he undergoes Socrates' examinations, his remarks imply that he believes that there are no gods, that oligarchy is the best form of government, and that he believes Socrates to share his views.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Protagoras_(dialogue) (395 words)

	Protagoras - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Protagoras was famous as a teacher of rhetoric and debate which were vital to Greek social life.
		It was Protagoras' teachings that spurred later philosophers such as Plato to search for objective, transcendent guidelines to underlie moral behavior, and the importance of subjectivity is an important theme in modern philosophy.
		Protagoras knew that the less appealing argument could hide the best answer, which is why he stated that it was constantly necessary to strengthen the weakest argument.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Protagoras (528 words)

	Protagoras: 480-411 BC
		Protagoras became a Sophist; in fact, he was the first to call himself a Sophist.
		Protagoras was known for his high fees and was often paid more than some of sculptors.
		Other argue that by this Protagoras meant that man [and he did mean 'men.'] were the standard that determined the meaning of such concepts such as truth, beauty and goodness.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/WestCiv/Protagoras.html (352 words)

	Protagoras [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Protagoras of Abdera was one of several fifth century Greek thinkers (including also Gorgias, Hippias, and Prodicus) collectively known as the Older Sophists, a group of traveling teachers or intellectuals who were experts in rhetoric (the science of oratory) and related subjects.
		Protagoras is known primarily for three claims (1) that man is the measure of all things (which is often interpreted as a sort of radical relativism) (2) that he could make the "worse (or weaker) argument appear the better (or stronger)" and (3) that one could not tell if the gods existed or not.
		In the Protagoras, the Platonic dialogue named after the famous sophist which has both Protagoras and Prodicus as participants, Protagoras is shown interpreting a poem of Simonides, with special concern for the issue of the relationship between the writer's intent and the literal meanings of the words.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/p/protagor.htm (2213 words)

	The 'Simonides Agon' as the Pivotal Discourse in Plato's Protagoras
		For Socrates, the 'being' of Pittacus is equivalent to the relative 'being' of Protagoras.
		Protagoras is seen to withdraw into a definition of courage that asserts the indeterminancy of phusis as the true life of the soul.
		The Unity of the Platonic Dialogue: the Cratylus, the Protagoras, the Parmenides.
	www.mun.ca /animus/1999vol4/provenc4.htm (3110 words)

	[No title]
		Protagoras, whose temper begins to get a little ruffled at the process to which he has been subjected, is aware that he will soon be compelled by the dialectics of Socrates to admit that the temperate is the just.
		Protagoras seems to doubt the morality or propriety of assenting to this; he would rather say that 'some pleasures are good, some pains are evil,' which is also the opinion of the generality of mankind.
		Protagoras began by asserting, and Socrates by denying, the teachableness of virtue, and now the latter ends by affirming that virtue is knowledge, which is the most teachable of all things, while Protagoras has been striving to show that virtue is not knowledge, and this is almost equivalent to saying that virtue cannot be taught.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext99/prtgs10.txt (16676 words)

	Plato : Protagoras
		When we entered, we found Protagoras taking a walk in the cloister; and next to him, on one side, were walking Callias, the son of Hipponicus, and Paralus, the son of Pericles, who, by the mother's side, is his half-brother, and Charmides, the son of Glaucon.
		Protagoras answered: Young man, if you associate with me, on the very first day you will return home a better man than you came, and better on the second day than on the first, and better every day than you were on the day before.
		Protagoras at first made a show of refusing, as he said that the argument was not encouraging; at length, he consented to answer.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Texts/Plato/Protagoras.html (13979 words)

	Rationality in Plato's Protagoras (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Protagoras is forced--or perhaps it is better to say provoked--out of his proffered metaphor system and into another by Socrates' cajoling and playing to the audience, and by Protagoras' own vanity.
		Protagoras' claim to being a teacher of virtue is based on his moral eyesight, not his possession of moral truth and an ability to transmit it to others; hence, his is a claim to being a undisguised Sophist akin to a poet or prophet, not to being a man with expert knowledge of virtue.
		Protagoras, however, has proposed a different understanding of teaching,[17] one which denies expert knowledge and instead places the teacher and student on a journey ("on the road to virtue"[18]) and situates them both together as travelers on the road to virtue.
	zakros.ucsd.edu /~trohrer/metaphor/plato1.htm (6727 words)

	20th WCP: Philosophy is Education is Politics: A Somewhat Aggressive Reading of Protagoras 334d-338e
		Whether Protagoras is actually appealing to a serious philosophical method or just making trouble for the sake of eristics, there is a genuine incompatibility between the brevity required by the elenchus and the (sometime) length required by context-giving (if I may call it that).
		Protagoras is right to fight tenaciously to resist the use of dialectic; he seems to understand that it renders illegitimate his very participation, qua Sophist, in the philosophical enterprise.
		For at the end, Protagoras has taken the view that virtue is not knowledge, while Socrates is maintaining that it is. These positions do not seem to square with their earlier stands about the teachability of virtue, and thus the dialogue ends in aporia.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Anci/AnciCohe.htm (3887 words)

	[No title]
		Protagoras was supposed to be born around 481 B.C. in Abdera in Thracia (where possibly Leucippus and Democritus were also a native), while Taylor and Burnett considered his birth in 500 B.C. Protagoras seemed to come to Athens around 450 B.C. Pericles enjoyed his talent and association.
		Protagoras' thesis, "Human being is the measure of all things...," thus, provided the philosophical foundation for the sophistic interpretation of "wisdom." Supported by this thesis of Protagoras, the sophists freely advocated subjectivistic individualism concerning not only sense perception, but also truth in general.
		Protagoras' thesis appears to be more epistemological and ethical in its nature, while Gorgias seemed to assert his thesis on the basis of his own ontology, namely, that nothing exists.
	www.csudh.edu /phenom_studies/greekphil/greek10.htm (3614 words)

	PROTAGORAS - LoveToKnow Article on PROTAGORAS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		At the age of seventy, having been accused by Pythodorus, and convicted of atheism, Protagoras fled from Athens, and on his way to Sicily was lost at sea.
		According to Plato (Prot., 318 E), he endeavoured to communicate prudence (d~3ovXta) to his pupils, which should fit them to manage their households, and to take part by word and deed in civic affairs.
		Protagoras was the first to systematize grammar, distinguishing the parts of speech, the tenses and the moods.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PR/PROTAGORAS.htm (344 words)

	Mi-Kyoung Lee - Lee, Epistemology After Protagoras: Responses to Relativism in Plato, Aristotle, and Democritus - ...
		Professor Lee's theme is the challenge to objective knowledge posed by Protagoras' relativistic thesis that 'Man is the measure of all things', and the responses to that challenge by Plato, Aristotle, and Democritus.
		A standard criticism of this argument is that it fails because it relies on omission of the crucial relativising phrases 'true for Protagoras' opponents' and 'true for Protagoras'; Protagoras must admit that it is true for him that his thesis is false for his opponents, but he can admit that without inconsistency.
		Lee defends Plato against this criticism, pointing out that at 167d Protagoras is represented as putting forward the relativistic thesis as itself an objective truth; everyone is a measure of the truth of their beliefs, whether or not they believe that they are.
	ndpr.nd.edu /review.cfm?id=4821 (1207 words)

	Protagoras, Gorgias, Sophistry, and Democratic Departmental Governance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		According to legend, Protagoras argued that a wind may blow on two persons at the same time, causing one to be cold, the other hot.
		The response to Plato, of course, is that Protagoras was trying to equip his students for the practical world in which they would be required to manage their own affairs as well as those of the state.
		Protagoras himself was intimately involved with the government of Periclean Athens; he even wrote the constitution for the Greek settlement at Thurii.
	www.adfl.org /ade/bulletin/n090/090027.htm (5177 words)

	Protagoras, Greece, ancient history
		Protagoras believed nothing was exclusively good or bad, true or false and that man is his own authority, saying that "man is the measure of all things".
		According to Plato, Protagoras stated that the punishment for a crime is executed in order to prevent the same crime from happening again, and not for revenge.
		Although a celebrated teacher, Protagoras was finally charged with atheism and drowned fleeing to Sicily.
	www.in2greece.com /english/historymyth/history/ancient/protagoras.htm (178 words)

	s12
		In actuality, Protagoras was not necessarily a relativist in the way the term is used to attack his ideas.
		Hence, Protagoras does not have to be either an objectivist or a relativist; there is a third choice.
		For example, if one person were to believe that Protagoras is correct and another were to believe he is incorrect, Protagoras would then be both correct and incorrect at the same time (171b).
	www.geocities.com /inescapableennui/s12.html (1140 words)

	Rationality in Plato's Protagoras
		In the terms of Nussbaum's techne-tuche antithesis,[7] Protagoras is not claiming to teach an expert's techne, a method of increasing control over human contingency (tuche) by rigorously acquiring and applying knowledge but rather something quite different: a way of increasing control over contingency through reflecting on examples of human successes and failures.
		I have already discussed Protagoras' conclusion where he notes the importance of finding "someone only a little better than the others at advancing us on the road to virtue."[26] Now take Protagoras' analogy of the bent wood.
		Socrates himself notes[41] that the outcome of this boxing match is unclear, for the opponents have taken the positions with respect to virtue being or not being knowledge which seem most contradictory to their original positions on whether virtue is teachable.
	philosophy.uoregon.edu /metaphor/plato1.htm (6488 words)

	20th WCP: The Project of Self-Education in Plato’s Protagoras, Gorgias, and Meno
		Socrates therefore lays claim to the techne Protagoras and Gorgias (the former explictly [P 319a], the latter implicitly [G 452e, 460a]) believed themselves to practice.
		In some ways Nussbaum herself invites such a view, since her reading of the Protagoras (FG 89-121, LK 106-124) leads directly to what she takes to be the "middle" period concerns of the Symposium and Republic.
		The recollection of the Meno is the precisely paired opposite to Callicles’ withdrawal from conversation in the Gorgias; "recollection" merely names the activity of the interlocutor which has, all along, been implied by the nature of Socratic conversation.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Anci/AnciTurn.htm (3250 words)

	Protagoras and Logos
		Protagoras and Logos brings together in a meaningful synthesis the contributions and rhetoric of the first and most famous of the Older Sophists, Protagoras of Abdera.
		By focusing on Protagoras's own surviving words, this study corrects many long-standing misinterpretations and presents significant facts: Protagoras was a first-rate philosophical thinker who positively influenced the theories of Plato and Aristotle, and Protagoras pioneered the study of language and was the first theorist of rhetoric.
		Schiappa argues that traditional accounts of Protagoras are hampered by mistaken assumptions about the Sophists and the teaching of the art of rhetoric in the fifth century.
	www.sc.edu /uscpress/2003/3521.html (500 words)

	EpistemeLinks: Website results for philosopher Protagoras
		Born: 485 B.C. Died: 410 B.C. Protagoras of Abdera in Ancient Greece was a Presocratic philosopher and is numbered as one of the Sophists by Plato, who in his dialogue of the same name credits him with having invented the role of the professional Sophist or teacher of "virtue".
		Famous as a teacher of rhetoric and debate, which were vital to Greek social life, Protagoras was fascinated by the study of the correct use of words.
		His most famous saying is: "Man is the measure of all things, of those that are that they are, and of those that are not that they are not." Protagoras was also a famous proponent of agnosticism.
	www.epistemelinks.com /Main/Philosophers.aspx?PhilCode=Prot (304 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| Protagoras by Plato
		He drew nearer to me and said: Protagoras is come.
		He answered, with a blush upon his face (for the day was just beginning to dawn, so that I could see him): Unless this differs in some way from the former instances, I suppose that he will make a Sophist of me.
		Yes, indeed, he said: and there are some things which may be inexpedient, and yet I call them good.
	classics.mit.edu /Plato/protagoras.html (8243 words)

	The Philosophy of the Sophists
		With them was born relativism of knowledge and Skepticism: the man-measure of Protagoras, and the "nothing exists" of Gorgias.
		Thus is explained the popular favor that surrounded certain Sophists, such as Protagoras, who was received with triumph and entertained as a guest in the homes of the most noted Athenians.
		So also is explained the noble mission of Socrates who, to restore the values of a morality sacred and inviolable because based upon reason and not unruly passions, spent his entire existence, and not in vain.
	radicalacademy.com /philsophists.htm (1599 words)

	Protagoras. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		He taught for a time in Athens, where he was a friend of Pericles and knew Socrates, but was forced to flee because of his professed agnosticism.
		Protagoras was the author of the famous saying, “Man is the measure of all things.” He held that each man is the standard of what is true to himself, that all truth is relative to the individual who holds it and can have no validity beyond him.
		Thus he denied the possibility of objective knowledge and refused to differentiate between sense and reason.
	www.bartleby.com /65/pr/Protagor.html (171 words)

	Proportional Belief
		To equate chicken farming with human slavery, as Singer does when he calls the natural human preference for humankind "speciesism," is not only to grotesquely disrespect the suffering of those victims of that odious human practice but also to reduce the laudable cause of encouraging others to care for animals to silliness.
		Or perhaps they're figuring that with an endowment of over $15 billion--which, if you figure a modest 4%, generates about $600,000,000 in annual income--they don't really need to care what their recent graduates think.
		What it does do is make a reader who wants to weigh the issues dispassionately suspicious that perhaps there are agendas at work other than the disinterested pursuit of the truth.
	proportionalbelief.blogspot.com (7407 words)

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