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Topic: Protected areas of Australia

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	[No title]
		Such an area may demonstrate specific interactions with the surrounding landscape/seascape; or (iii) land or sea subject to the provisions of multiple legislation, where an overriding power or planning responsibility is vested in one authority and where the principal object of this authority is protection and maintenance of biological diversity (eg.
		Marine protected areas, due to their large size, often encompass a hierarchy of protection, ranging from Category VI to Category Ia areas which are classified by law or within plans of management prepared under protected area legislation as having different management objectives within a single management unit.
		The protected area should be of sufficient size and natural or manipulated quality to maintain a species in its habitat or to maintain a portion of the life cycle of a particular species.
	www.unep-wcmc.org /protected_areas/categories/australia.doc (17752 words)

	Establishing Marine Protected Areas in Australia
		The establishment of marine protected areas in the rest of Australia over the same period of time is much more variable.
		Australia has a federal system of government with State jurisdiction applying to most of the coastal waters, although Commonwealth or federal jurisdiction can apply to the coast.
		The marine protected areas of Australia are a network of Commonwealth (generally beyond State waters) and State marine protected areas.
	www.olemiss.edu /orgs/SGLC/woodleyab.htm (308 words)

	Australia Now - Australia's protected areas
		Australia is the driest continent in the world and is part of a former giant land mass, Gondwana, which connected the southern continents of Africa, Antarctica, Australia, India and South America, and broke up more than 100 million years ago.
		Australia is considered to be a world leader in joint management of protected areas with the land's indigenous traditional owners.
		Australia's protected areas are not only concentrated on dry land - with such significant natural treasures as the Great Barrier Reef, there is a need to extend protection into the sea as well.
	www.dfat.gov.au /facts/protected_area.html (2427 words)

	Protected areas of Australia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Protected areas of Australia are maintained by the Department of the Environment and Heritage, with the exception of the Great Barrier Reef, which is managed by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, a body within the department.
		Each state is responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of the areas within its boundaries.
		Environment Australia is responsible only for the Commonwealth and off-shore parks in the Australian Capital Territory, the Northern Territory, the Christmas Island Territory, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands Territory, the Norfolk Island Territory and the Australian Antarctic Territory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Protected_areas_of_Australia (139 words)

	[No title]
		Protected area networks in fragmented landscapes In highly fragmented landscapes such as the major agricultural zones, there are generally few opportunities to protect sufficiently large tracts of unmodified native vegetation to meet comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve objectives.
		Similar protected area networks, where high quality remnants in proximity to each are protected through a range of mechanisms across a range of land tenures, are also being developed for threatened temperate grasslands and other eucalyptus woodland communities.
		In areas which have been substantially cleared, protected areas networks, where a series of small remnants both on crown and private land are managed as a single unit, are increasing in importance for protecting biodiversity values.
	www.biodiv.org /doc/world/au/au-nr-pa-en.doc (4673 words)

	Coastal Marine Protected Areas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Protected areas and protected area systems, together with other in situ approaches, play an integral role in maintaining biodiversity, ecological function and natural resource productivity.
		It is clear, however, that most systems of protected areas whether terrestrial, coastal or marine do not and perhaps cannot represent the diversity of ecosystems and species assemblages adequately.
		Indeed, it is often unclear what individual protected areas, large or small, contribute to maintaining either ecological process and function or biodiversity at regional and larger scales.
	www.unesco.org /mab/publications/brbullet/br3_05a.htm (449 words)

	Articles - Protected area (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Protected areas are locations which receive protection because of their environmental, cultural or similar value.
		A large number of kinds of protected area exist which vary by level of protection and by the enabling laws of each country or rules of international organization.
		A protected area as defined by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) is An area of land and/or sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal or other effective means.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Protected_area (215 words)

	OceanPortal : Top > SCIENTIFIC TOPICS > Geographic Areas > Australia/Oceania
		Australian marine protected area (MPA) Definition Australia's definition of a marine protected area is an area of land and/or sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal or other effective means.
		Depending on where they are located, marine protected areas in Australian waters may be managed by State, Territory or Commonwealth government agencies, or a combination of government agencies.
		The kinds of activities that are allowed in a marine protected area depend on the reasons for protecting that area.
	ioc.unesco.org /oceanportal/browse.php?cat=725 (770 words)

	Action Town - Ollie Saves the Planet, Australia - Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Rethink (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Australia's oceans contain more than 4,000 different fish and tens of thousands of species of invertebrates, plants and microorganisms.
		A 'marine protected area' is an area of sea chosen for special protection to care for the plants and animals, special natural formations such as coral reefs, and important human features like shipwrecks.
		The Marine Protected Areas Program is also helping to set up new marine protected areas as part of Australia's "National Representative System of Marine Protected Areas".
	www.ollierecycles.com /planet/aus/action/gov05.htm (210 words)

	WWF - Protected areas in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park could increase to 32.5%
		Canberra, Australia - WWF-Australia believes the increase in highly protected areas in Australia's Great Barrier Reef Marine Park from 4.6 per cent to 32.5 per cent announced today in a draft plan by Federal Minister for Environment and Heritage, Dr David Kemp, is a fantastic step forward but could be even better.
		Around 50 per cent protection would safeguard large areas of the Marine Park and allow them to remain in their natural state for future generations to enjoy forever.
		Make a submission to Australia's Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority supporting around 50 per cent of the Marine Park being declared a marine sanctuary, or sign WWF-Australia's e-petition calling for a comprehensive network of marine sanctuaries in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.
	www.panda.org /news_facts/newsroom/other_news/news.cfm?uNewsID=7283 (446 words)

	Marine Protected Areas Home Page - Department of the Environment and Heritage
		The Australian Government manages an estate of marine protected areas that are Commonwealth reserves under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).
		In 1966 Australia adopted the Australian Geodetic Datum (AGD) as its national standard for referencing geographic coordinates.
		The main reasons for adopting GDA were: compatibility with satellite navigation systems, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS); compatibility with national mapping programs already carried out on a geocentric datum; and the adoption of a single standard for the collection, storage and dissemination of spatial information at global, national and local levels.
	www.deh.gov.au /coasts/mpa (595 words)

	Overview of the Conservation of Australian Marine Invertebrates
		One of the primary aims of the Interim Marine and Coastal Regionalisation for Australia (IMCRA Technical Group 1998; see Section 2.4.2) has been to facilitate the development of a representative[106] system of Marine Protected Areas around Australia, to ensure that a sample of all habitat types and bioregions are protected in some form of reserve.
		Unfortunately, in coastal areas, where there are often large numbers of existing users, the declaration of protected areas can still be difficult and contentious.
		Within large geographic areas, the issue of adequate representation of different habitats within protected areas is important.
	www.austmus.gov.au /invertebrates/marine_overview/chapt5dl.html (354 words)

	Protected areas of Australia : National parks (Australia)
		Protected areas of Australia : National parks (Australia)
		The Protected areas of Australia are maintained by Parks Australia within Environment Australia, with the execption of the Great Barrier Reef, which is managed by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.
		NOTE - this is only a small portion of the quote of protected areas in Australia.
	www.fastload.org /na/National_parks_(Australia).html (177 words)

	Terrestrial and Marine Protected Areas in Australia (1997)- Publication . Contents.
		Figure 1 - Areas of protected regions and the percentage of protected areas within each region plotted against years.
		The views and opinions expressed in this document are not necessarily those of the Commonwealth of Australia, the Minister of the Department of the Environment, or the Director of National Parks and Wildlife.
		Citation: Cresswell, I.D. and Thomas, G.M. Terrestrial and Marine Protected Areas in Australia (1997).
	www.deh.gov.au /parks/nrs/capad/1997/paaust (300 words)

	Marine Protected Areas and Marine Reserves (MPAs)
		Marine Protected Areas and Biosphere Reserves: Towards a New Paradigm -- Proceedings of a Canberra, Australia Conference in 1994 sponsored by the Australian Nature Conservation Agency and UNESCO.
		CMPAN (California Marine Protected Areas Network) (pronounced 'simpan') was established to facilitate information exchange about Marine Protected Areas in that state, which are under review.
		Marine Protected Areas In the Gulf of Maine: A Survey of Marine Users and Other Interested Parties (September, 1996) -- Results of a survey conducted as part of feasibility studies in the Gulf of Maine.
	www.pcffa.org /MPA.htm (1413 words)

	Marine Protected Areas and Biosphere Reserves: 'Towards a New Paradigm' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A novel approach to identify and select core reserve areas, and to apply UNESCO biosphere reserve principles to the coastal marine realm.
		Protected area buzzwords - an attempt to define some current terminology in a more meaningful way.
		IUCN-CNPPA Marine Protected Areas Programme: identification of priority areas for the establishment and management of marine protected areas.
	www.unesco.org /mab/publications/brbullet/br3_05c.htm (206 words)

	AMCS - Marine Protected Areas - A Web Links Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Marine Protected Area (MPA) is a term used, in slightly different senses, throughout the world.
		"A marine protected area is an area of sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biodiversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal or other effective means.
		This site contains information about marine protected areas in Australia, including why they are one of the best ways to give protection to our marine plants, animals and their habitats.
	www.amcs.org.au /links/mpa.htm (631 words)

	Marine Protected Areas-Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is the first protected area in Australia which combines estuaries, beaches, headlands, islands and offshore waters.
		Signs, informing divers that they are entering a protected area, are erected at either end of the reserve near the reef crest.
		Marine protected areas are a vital part of our commitment to sustainable economies, viable coastal communities, and a healthy, diverse marine environment.
	www-csgc.ucsd.edu /EXTENSION/CAFisheries/mpa-links.html (810 words)

	Marine Protected Areas
		One of the plan focus areas is on "Ecologically Significant Regions," to "assist in the development of marine, freshwater and terrestrial protected area networks in North America." (p.5) MPA networks/ MPA systems/ Montreal, Quebec, Canada/Commission for Environmental Cooperation of North America.
		In order to ensure long-term protection of unique habitats and species, California is proposing to establish a network of Marine Protected Areas in the Channel Islands where commercial and recreational take is prohibited or limited.
		The Symposium on Caribbean Marine Protected Areas: Practical Approaches to Achieve Economic and Conservation Goals, was a special event at the 54th Annual Meeting of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute (GCFI), Providenciales, Turks and Caicos Islands, 12-17 November 2001.
	mpa.gov /virtual_library/past_notable.html (7669 words)

	SFU Institutional Repository: Item 1892/239
		Canada's Oceans Act and Australia's Oceans Policy are based on similar principles and have similar objectives.
		This study analyzes and compares a range of factors that may influence the ability of Canada's Oceans Act and Australia's Oceans Policy to achieve their MPA policy objectives.
		Based on interviews of key informants and reviews of policy and literature, this cross-national comparative analysis reveals the challenges and opportunities of the policy context in each setting, and the relative strengths and weaknesses of the different implementation approaches.
	hdl.handle.net /1892/239 (218 words)

	Find in a Library: Terrestrial and marine protected areas in Australia (1997)
		Terrestrial and marine protected areas in Australia (1997)
		Protected areas -- Law and legislation -- Australia.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/f2d64c9fee70dd5aa19afeb4da09e526.html (74 words)

	Managing Australia's protected areas in cooperation with indigenous people
		The aim of this study is to develop a contemporary Australian framework of best practice in co-operatively managed protected areas.
		It is expected that the end result will be a framework of best practice, which outlines important considerations for co-operative management for current and future protected areas.
		This site will work and look better in a browser that supports web standards, but it is accessible to any browser or Internet device.
	www.unisa.edu.au /serg/Projects/IndigProtAreas.asp (135 words)

	Protected Areas - australia.gov.au
		The aim of the Australian National Botanic Gardens is to grow, study and promote Australia's native flora.
		Biosphere Reserves are areas of land and water ecosystems recognised for their biological diversity and contribution to international biodiversity conservation.
		Parks Australia advises the Government on biodiversity conservation and management and the statutory obligations of the Director of National Parks and Wildlife.
	www.australia.gov.au /index.php?114 (318 words)

	Australia - Macquarie Island (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Latest Info: CAPAD 2002 supplied by Environment Australia (EA) for UN List 2003, July 2003.
		(Latest Info: Hoyt, E. "Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises: a World Handbook for cetacean habitat conservation", Earthscan, 22/07/2005.
		If you are able to update, correct or add to the information presented here, please send us an email.
	sea.unep-wcmc.org /wdbpa/sitedetails.cfm?siteid=308664 (377 words)

	MARINE RESERVES AND PROTECTED AREAS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Agardy, M.T. Advances in marine conservation: the role of marine protected areas.
		McNeill, S.E. The selection and design of marine protected areas: australia as a case study.
		Tegner, M.J. Southern California Abalones: Can stocks be rebuilt using marine harvest refugia?
	life.bio.sunysb.edu /marinebio/reserve.ref.html (171 words)

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