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Topic: Protected areas of California

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	Save Our Ocean Legacy - Environment California
		What’s historic and unique about this week’s California decision is that it is the first time this bold idea has been applied to the U.S. shoreline, adjacent to millions of people and multiple port communities, and is the first time that a network of marine protected areas has been initiated throughout an entire state.
		The California coast is a prime candidate for marine protected areas that scientists have recommended to reverse damage and depletion of ocean ecosystems.
		Marine protected areas help rebuild the capital needed to sustain current and future generations of fishermen and break the cycle of boom and bust fisheries.
	www.environmentcalifornia.org /ocean-legacy/save-our-ocean-legacy (951 words)

	California's urban protected areas: Progress despite daunting pressures
		It includes expensive residential areas, as well as ranches and relatively wild tracts rising to 950 meters that are home for deer and mountain lions as well as 25 threatened or endangered animal and plant species.
		U.S. national forests generally are multiple-use areas, but almost all the Angeles National Forest is managed as a natural area and because of its ruggedness has a relatively high degree of ecological integrity for an area adjacent to a large city (Stephenson and Calcarone 1999).
		California has much to learn from other countries about protected areas, and much to share, but it is relatively isolated from the international conservation community.
	www.interenvironment.org /cipa/urban.htm (5060 words)

	PROTECTED AREAS
		Protected areas are also extremely small compared with the original extent of the type of habitat being preserved.
		Wilderness Areas are "areas where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain" and they are to be managed for "the preservation of their wilderness character".
		They have been completely lost from some areas including the Coachella and Imperial Valleys, and in other areas their numbers are falling by about 10% per year, largely due to a fatal respiratory disease that was introduced to wild populations by pet animals that were returned to the wild.
	darwin.bio.uci.edu /~sustain/bio65/lec13/b65lec13.htm (6070 words)

	A Global Representative System of Marine Protected Areas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		That is, the range of warm water fauna diminishes to the north and lies mainly in protected, warmer bays and estuaries, whereas cooler water fauna occur, sometimes in rather patchy distributions, to the south in areas of upwelling or in colder, deeper water.
		These areas are generally designated in conjunction with terrestrial areas and are set aside for their value as habitat for the preservation and protection of fish and wildlife.
		The area is threatened by human activities in the form of dams, agricultural activities, a severe lack of control and regulation of aquaculture development, eutrophication of some lagoons due to use of fishmeals to attract shrimp, siltation from road construction, pollution by municipal waste, removal of mangrove forests, and tourism.
	www.deh.gov.au /coasts/mpa/nrsmpa/global/volume4/chapter15.html (18713 words)

	Definition of California (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		California is famous for its earthquakes due partly to the presence of the San Andreas Fault.
		California's mountain ranges influence the climate as well; moisture-laden air from the west cools as it ascends the mountains, dropping moisture; some of the rainiest parts of the state are west-facing mountain slopes.
		California's vast terrain is connected by an extensive system of freeways, expressways, and highways, all maintained by Caltrans and patrolled by the California Highway Patrol.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/California (3138 words)

	Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)and Fishermen (PCFFA Statement February, 2002)
		Offshore California, at least three of the four sanctuaries were established with the clear intent of protecting the waters from offshore oil drilling and ocean dumping.
		Protected areas should not be seen as a substitute for other measures needed for the conservation of marine species; measures such as limiting the number of vessels or limiting the amount of gear, for example, or the establishment of seasons, or quotas -- where appropriate.
		Protected areas to be effective do not have to be large necessarily, but carefully selected for their attributes and well placed.
	www.pcffa.org /mpa3.htm (3510 words)

	California (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		With an area of 410,000 km² it is the third largest state in the U.S. Most major cities cling to the cool, pleasant seacoast along the Pacific, notably San Francisco, San Jose, Los Angeles and San Diego.
		California is responsible for 14% of American gross domestic product, which at nearly $1.4 trillion is greater than that of every country in the world save for the United States, China, Japan, India, Germany, France and the United Kingdom.
		With a population of 33,871,648 as of 2000, California is the most populous state in the U.S., and contributes 12% to the total U.S. population.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/C/California.htm (2625 words)

	Appendix II
		Mortality of juvenile fishes of the genus Diplodus in protected and unprotected areas in the western Mediterranean Sea.
		The response of an intertidal Concholepas concholepas (Gastropoda) population to protection from man in southern Chile and the effects on benthic sessile assemblages.
		Sala, E. Fish predators and scavengers of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in protected areas of the north-west Mediterranean Sea.
	bonita.mbnms.nos.noaa.gov /Research/techreports/marinezones/app2.html (4931 words)

	IEEE 802.11 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		With high-gain external antennas, the protocol can also be used in fixed point-to-point arrangements, typically at ranges up to eight kilometers (km) although some report success at ranges up to 80â“120 km where line of sight can be established.
		In 2001, a group from the University of California, Berkeley presented a paper describing weaknesses in the 802.11 WEP (wired equivalent privacy) security mechanism defined in the original standard; they were followed by Fluhrer, Mantin, and Shamir's paper entitled "Weaknesses in the Key Scheduling Algorithm of RC4".
		The IEEE set up a dedicated task group to create a replacement security solution, 802.11i (previously this work was handled as part of a broader 802.11e effort to enhance the MAC layer).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/802.11n (2827 words)

	Office of the Secretary - California Resources Agency
		Roadless Petition - Consistent with his strong commitment to protecting California's environment, Governor Schwarzenegger filed a petition on July 12, 2006, with the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture beginning the process to permanently protect 21 percent of California's 18 national forests.
		California Ocean Protection Council - As part of his Ocean Action Plan, Governor Schwarzenegger established the California Ocean Protection Council in 2004 to coordinate the state's ocean and coastal protection polices and programs.
		Mission Statement: To restore, protect and manage the state's natural, historical and cultural resources for current and future generations using creative approaches and solutions based on science, collaboration and respect for all the communities and interests involved.
	resources.ca.gov (1343 words)

	Social Science Methods for Marine Protected Areas
		Although removal of organisms is prohibited in such reserve areas, researchers have shown that a lack of signage and enforcement has lead to very low levels of compliance.
		To determine if the value to users is greater than or at least as much as it might cost to protect the resource from further damage, researchers in Orange County, California, asked users how much they would be willing to pay to protect the resource, a method called contingent valuation.
		This number compares to prior studies in the same area which estimated the value of a visit to be between $9.94 and $10.58 per visit per day.
	www.csc.noaa.gov /mpass/casestudies_southerncalifornia.html (632 words)

	California’s Offshore Oil And Gas Platforms Serve As Marine Protected Areas
		California’s offshore oil and gas platforms act as de facto marine protected areas for some overfished species and serve as a home to a variety of fish and invertebrate organisms, say scientists at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
		At the bottom of the platform is a "shell mound" of mussels and other invertebrates that are dislodged during cleaning or storms.
		Off California there are 26 of these platforms, with 23 in federal waters and three in state waters.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2003/07/030714092329.htm (683 words)

	Marine Protected Areas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC), through convening and coordinating the North American Marine Protected Area Network (NAMPAN), is developing the capacity for a network of marine protected areas (MPAs) to span the jurisdictions of the Canada, Mexico and the United States.
		May 2001 (Monterey, California): MCBI and the CEC convened a workshop in Monterey, California, United States, where scientific experts, resource users and marine conservationists from the three countries addressed the goals and identified the types of baseline data that are required for conservation in the B2B region.
		Knowing the source areas for these rockfish species could help to build a strong case for protecting these areas in Washington and British Columbia, and refine a method that can be used in population dispersal studies of other marine fishes.
	www.mcbi.org /marineprotected/Marine.htm (3376 words)

	The California Environmental Catalog - Metadata Entry
		But the concept that small areas are independent oases in isolation from thr surroundings is untenable, especially in the ocean, where winds, currents, and species' movements ensure a great deal of interchange between distant areas.
		In addition, many California MPAs do not have clearly defined management objectives and often even MPAs that initially had clearly defined goals saw political pressures cause those goals to be altered during the legislative designation process.
		To assist in improving the existing MPA system of California the UC Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program has created a centralized database on California MPAs that we hope will be used to facilitate the development of new MPA research projects and make it easier to introduce relevant scientific information into the future selection of sites.
	gis.ca.gov /catalog/BrowseRecord.epl?id=2239 (383 words)

	Defenders of Wildlife - California Programs - MARINE LIFE PROTECTION ACT / MARINE PROTECTED AREAS
		Recent legislation, Assembly Bill 993 (Shelley), the Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA), which was enacted in October 1999, requires that the California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) "develop a plan for establishing networks of marine protected areas in California waters to protect habitats and preserve ecosystem integrity, among other things".
		The purpose of the MLPA is to "improve the array of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) existing in California waters through the adoption of a Marine Life Protection Program and a comprehensive master plan".
		Defenders is also involved in attending workshops, meetings and providing testimony and/or comments at specific stages of the process, and working to ensure there is full funding for the implementation of the MLPA program.
	www.defenders.org /california/mlpa.html (259 words)

	California Department of Fish & Game, Marine Life Protection Act Initiative
		Marine protected areas include state marine reserves, state marine parks and state marine conservation areas.
		The MLPA Initiative began with a pilot project along the central coast of California.
		The California Fish and Game Commission has evaluated alternative MPA proposals for the central coast and made a final decision on April 13, 2007 in Bodega Bay.
	www.dfg.ca.gov /mrd/mlpa (290 words)

	Marine Protected Areas and Marine Reserves (MPAs)
		Marine Protected Areas and Biosphere Reserves: Towards a New Paradigm -- Proceedings of a Canberra, Australia Conference in 1994 sponsored by the Australian Nature Conservation Agency and UNESCO.
		CMPAN (California Marine Protected Areas Network) (pronounced 'simpan') was established to facilitate information exchange about Marine Protected Areas in that state, which are under review.
		Marine Protected Areas In the Gulf of Maine: A Survey of Marine Users and Other Interested Parties (September, 1996) -- Results of a survey conducted as part of feasibility studies in the Gulf of Maine.
	www.pcffa.org /MPA.htm (1415 words)

	PRBO Conservation Science: California Current System Marine Protected Areas
		The management of pelagic (open ocean) food webs represents a novel approach to marine fisheries and ecosystem conservation, and should prove helpful in ensuring sustainable and diverse commercial fisheries in the future, and in conserving biodiversity and marine top predator populations.
		To establish pelagic marine protected areas (MPAs) and "no take" marine reserves (MRVs) designed to protect highly migratory marine species, and the habitats upon which they depend.
		There is a wide range of habitat types found in the California Current System with differing combinations of bathymetric and hydrographic qualities.
	www.prbo.org /cms/index.php?mid=309&module=browse (483 words)

	Global Urbanization and Protected Areas
		The series is part of the Ecosystems, Protected Areas, and People Project of IUCN's World Commission on Protected Areas and Programme on Protected Areas.
		This paper is related to the IUCN Task Force on Protected Areas, for which the California Institute of Public Affairs / InterEnvironment provides the secretariat.
		The desert: Protected areas in a coalescing megapolis
	www.interenvironment.org /cipa/urbanization.htm (244 words)

	Marine Protected Areas - California
		Protected Areas Proposed to Restore Fish Populations - 7/10/01
		Existing California Marine Protected Areas - A list of what is and what is not protected.
		Scientific Consensus Statement on Marine Reserves and Marine Protected Areas- PDF Format (500K).
	www.californiafish.org /mpa.html (1005 words)

	California Department of Fish & Game, Marine Life Protection Act Initiative
		News Release: Marine Protected Areas will be in Effect Sept. 21
		The California Resources Agency and California Department of Fish and Game are partnering with the Resources Legacy Fund Foundation and others in a new initiative to achieve the MLPA goals.
		The 1999 MLPA directed the state to design and manage a network of marine protected areas in order to, among other things, protect marine life and habitats, marine ecosystems, and marine natural heritage, as well as improve recreational, educational and study opportunities provided by marine ecosystems.
	www.dfg.ca.gov /mlpa (290 words)

	California software downloads (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Prepares CAL Form 100, California Corporation Franchise or Income Tax Return, 3885, Sch D-1, 3805E, 3539 and Deprn Schs.
		ASCII Art Generator is an amazing graphics art to text art solution, which converts digital pictures into full color text-based images, and makes them eye-catching with a very cool and readable texture, composed of letters and digits.
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	www.freedownloadsoft.com /california.html (576 words)

	The California Environmental Catalog - Metadata Entry
		This publication, produced with special funding from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, represents a first attempt to collect and organize available information on California's Marine Protected Areas.
		For each site, information is provided on designation, date established, responsible agencies, overlapping MPA boundaries.
		In the face of declining fish stocks and increasing damage to marine ecoysystems, interest in mrine protected areas (MPAs) has been growing worldwide.
	gis.ca.gov /catalog/BrowseRecord.epl?id=1486 (111 words)

	California Marine Protected Areas GIS
		The Marine Protected Areas (MPA) Database was completed and released to the public during the summer of 1997 with financial support from the California Seagrant Cooperative Extension Program.
		The end result was used to create a guide book with maps, associated regulations and other information.
		Presently this database is being used by California Fish and Wildlife for ecosystem analysis and planning of future reserves, and also by Minerals Management Service for studying Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) oil and gas activities on fish, fisheries, essential fish habitat, reefs, hardbottoms, and marine protected areas.
	www.geog.ucsb.edu /~jeff/projects/mpa (141 words)

	California Department of Fish & Game
		2007 Recreational Fishing Regulations Changes for the Area from Pigeon Point to the Oregon Border Effective Oct. 1
		Commercial California Sheephead Fishery Season to Close Oct. 1, 2007
		Landmark “Central Coast” Marine Protected Areas will be in Effect Sept. 21
	www.dfg.ca.gov (59 words)

	California Academy of Sciences - Page Not Found (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		California Academy of Sciences - Page Not Found
		California Academy of Sciences » Page Not Found
		The document requested does not exist in the location specified.
	calacademy.org /research/library/.../biblio/proareas/probib.htm (26 words)

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