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	Protected-Mode Memory Management
		It is used by the protection mechanism built into the processor to restrict access to the segment.
		Decreasing the segment limit value in an expand-down segment causes memory to be allocated at the bottom of the segment.
		After loading a page from disk and remapping it to physical memory, the operating system reexecutes the instruction which caused the page fault exception to occur, so the running application is not even aware of the fact that part of its memory was stored temporarily on disk.
	www.internals.com /articles/protmode/protmode.htm (2289 words)

	protected mode@Everything2.com
		Protected mode, also known as 386 Enhanced Mode is currently the main mode of operation for x86 processors.
		Protected mode was designed to work around the shortcomings of the original 8086 processor, and to leverage the full 32-bit nature of the 386.
		Protected mode gets its name from its connection to the 386's MMU, which allows a system of protected memory and virtual memory to be created.
	www.everything2.com /?node=protected%20mode (624 words)

	OS X, Part II-2000-10-01-What OS X means for you-Dennis Sellers
		Protected memory means that the operating system won't let applications grab a hunk of memory that belongs to another app--or to the operating system itself.
		When apps and processes are isolated in their own memory space, they can't interfere with each other if one goes bad.
		But wait, there are even more memory goodies in Mac OS X. It will have a more efficient virtual memory (VM) manager.
	www.computeruser.com /articles/1910,5,18,1,1001,00.html (1471 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| Designing An Arm-Based Multithreaded Audio/Visual/Motion Recording System: Part 1 \| October 16, 2006
		For example, assume that the protected memory is full and the driver hits the emergency button, thereby creating a manually triggered event.
		As noted previously, the protected memory system stores all crash events, unsafe driving events, warnings, and manually triggered events, plus associated audio and video, as long as memory space is available.
		This information is essential in the case where the protected memory becomes full and another event is detected or manually triggered.
	www.ddj.com /193302837?_requestid=163052 (2692 words)

	Console Commands in NetWare 5.1: Off, Pause, Protect, Protection, and Protocol Commands
		A protected memory space has limited and carefully controlled access to the server operating system, so that modules running within the protected space cannot abend the server.
		The server operating system cannot run in a protected address space because any software in a protected space is subject to being temporarily stopped and swapped to disk.
		Restart functionality means that if the protected address space faults, the memory management system automatically closes the space, cleans up its resources, restarts the space, and reloads modules into it.
	support.novell.com /techcenter/articles/ann20010601.html (853 words)

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	RAM - random access memory
		Because of this speed and consistency, RAM is used as 'main memory' or primary storage: the working area used for loading, displaying and manipulating applications and data.
		Core memory, which used wires threaded through small ferrite electromagnetic donuts, was highly reliable and non-volitile, with access times of a few microseconds.
		The term "memory wall", first officially coined in Hitting the Memory Wall: Implications of the Obvious (PDF), refers to the growing disparity between CPU and memory speed.
	www.archmemory.com /ram.htm (1639 words)

	memory - Webopedia.com
		The term memory identifies data storage that comes in the form of chips, and the word storage is used for memory that exists on tapes or disks.
		Moreover, the term memory is usually used as a shorthand for physical memory, which refers to the actual chips capable of holding data.
		RAM (random-access memory): This is the same as main memory.
	systems.webopedia.com /TERM/M/memory.html (579 words)

	TESTIMONIALS
		I had previously ordered memory from other vendors only to learn that the memory they guaranteed to work in fact did not.
		In fact, the memory arrived almost a week before I was expecting it, giving me the benefit of its use over an early weekend.
		Memory Suppliers provides free lifetime warranty on all merchandise in addition to the manufacturer's warranty and a full 30 days money back guarantee (we will also pay the shipping charge back to Memory Suppliers and there is absolutely no restocking fees).
	www.memorysuppliers.com /memorysuppliers/custcomm.html (2387 words)

	Glossary of Memory and Memory Terms
		When the contents of a memory location is referenced, the ECC memory logic uses the check bit information and the data itself to generate a series of "syndrome bits".
		Sometimes the term refers to memory that is inherently volatile, but maintains its content because it is connected to a battery at all times, such as CMOS memory and to storage systems, such as hard disks.
		Registers delay memory information for one clock cycle to ensure all communication from the chipset is collected by the clock edge, providing a controlled delay on heavily loaded memories.
	www.memorystock.com /memory_glossary.html (8973 words)

	Secure Memory Cards
		Protected memories are economical and frequently the best choice for a wide range of applications including loyalty, membership, ID, vending, and many others were some data protection is required.
		Protected memories are common in applications were the fraud potential does not require encryption and the amount of data to be stored is small.
		The user memory is divided into 16 zones, each of which may be individually set with different security access rights or combined together to provide pace for 1 to 16 data files.
	www.smartcardsupply.com /Content/Cards/protected.htm (770 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Protected memory (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Protected memory is a feature of modern computer operating systems.
		With protected memory, every task reserves its own unique memory space safe from other tasks.
		If a task crashes, it cannot affect other tasks because their memory has been kept separate.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/pr/Protected_memory (66 words)

	How it Works: Memory
		In protected mode, the CPU is capable of addressing all physical memory at its disposal up to its addressable limits (16MB for the 286 and 386 family).
		When operating in protected mode, the operating system is responsible with managing all memory, each running program is allocated a certain amount of physical memory based on it's needs, but is made by the OS to think that it has full and unlimited access to ALL of the system's memory.
		Memory usage is further managed by the use of "Virtual Memory", which is specially managed hard drive space that the operating system uses to emulate physical memory.
	www.firingsquad.com /guides/hiwmemory/page8.asp (526 words)

	Code protection in microcontroller with EEPROM fuses - Patent 5469557 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Therefore, a further object of the invention is to provide code protection of a memory in a microcontroller device, using an EEPROM fuse and a logic sequence that evokes erasure of code protected data in the memory when the fuse is reset.
		Such an instruction would typically be a write command to the fuse memory cell to change its content from a "1" to a "0", or vice versa, as the case may be, to disable the code protection and thereby gain access to the contents of the code protected memory.
		In addition, after the protected contents are erased (rendering them invulnerable to retrieval), a further safeguard is implemented by causing the memory to be rewritten with arbitrary data from the mose recent "load" command.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5469557.html (2321 words)

	Protected mode programming
		It uses a protected mode memory manager to control the address range that all applications can read and write to, and the memory manager terminates any application that tries to read or write to a memory address range that is outside of the allocated application memory space.
		The memory region assigned to an application is known as the process address space.
		This style of memory management was available in 16-bit Windows but because of the method that 16-bit Windows used to simulate multitasking, it was possible to overwrite sections of memory that were owned by other applications or the operating system before the errant program crashed.
	www.powerbasic.com /support/help/pbcc/protected_mode_programming.htm (672 words)

	Protected Mode Basics
		In protected mode, memory segmentation is defined by a set of tables (called descriptor tables) and the segment registers contain pointers into these tables.
		As previously mentioned, segment registers don't form part of the physical address in protected mode, but instead are used as pointers to table entries in the GDT or LDT (see figure 1b).
		All that remains in order to enter protected mode is changing the CPU state to protected mode and jumping to clear the prefetch queue (not necessary on the Pentium).
	www.x86.org /articles/pmbasics (4153 words)

	Sizing memory in Protected Mode
		The memory controller must provide signals telling the RAM chip when the row address is valid via the Row Address Strobe (RAS), and when the column address is valid via the Column Address Strobe (CAS).
		To size memory, we start by assuming each RAM bank has the maximum size RAM chips which are supported by the memory controller.
		To determine how many banks of memory are in the computer, we test the existence of RAM for each bank.
	www.x86.org /articles/memsize/memsizing.htm (1520 words)

	Method and system for providing access to a protected partition of a memory device utilizing a passthru command - ...
		A data processing system for providing access to a protected partition of a memory device according to claim 31, further comprising means for providing a logical drive identifier which represents the protected memory partition, and wherein the received request directs the I/O operation to the logical drive identifier.
		A data processing system for providing access to a protected partition of a memory device according to claim 31, wherein the means for generating a command data block further includes means for addressing a particular memory location in the protected memory partition on which the I/O operation will be executed.
		The fence is built to provide protection to the system partition code and data from routines executing at the operating system level, and to provide a location for the system partition without reserving one of the four partitions available through the master partition table.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5754821.html (5350 words)

	Observations by Marius Aamodt Eriksen
		When an application allocates protected memory, the memory is first allocated, and the kernel is notified (through a syscall, or ioctl() on /dev/memcrypt).
		The kernel in turn notifies the daemon that there is a new memory area to be protected, and the daemon requests for that memory to be mapped into its address space.
		If the daemon dies: All applications with protected memory are stopped, all the protected memory is scribbled, and the applications are killed.
	monkey.org /~marius/observations.html (805 words)

	X86 assembly programming in protected mode at AllExperts
		Protected mode is the mode in which most modern operating systems run their code.
		That means that inside protected mode, each address has to go through two layers of redirectioning before it gets through to the real memory.
		The memory layout for computers in protected mode is similar to that of real mode.
	en.allexperts.com /e/x/x/X86_assembly_programming_in_protected_mode.htm (1285 words)

	Fallout Software - Tutorials - Know the Machine - All about memory
		This is equivalent to a block of 32 memory cells in an “off” state.
		If you're working in protected mode (under an OS), which is what you are probably doing, some of these memory blocks are "protected" by the operating system and you cannot read from them or write to them, but this isn't important at this point.
		In protected mode, you could specify virtually any address in a C-language pointer variable or an Assembly Language register but if you tried to read it or write to it you would get a memory read/write error, all of this is of course if that address was residing in the "protected" by the OS area.
	www.falloutsoftware.com /tutorials/ktm/ktm1.htm (996 words)

	Antipixel \| Blog \| Protected memory
		Not the kind of memory protection I had in mind.
		Richard —- I replaced the default memory configuration with 2 GB of RAM from Other World Computing (that link does not yet constitute an endorsement: this is the first time I’ve bought anything from them, but they seemed to get good reviews from people on various forums).
		The RAM arrived this morning and is beating away in the pulsing heart of the machine as we speak.
	www.antipixel.com /blog/archives/2004/10/03/protected_memory.html (974 words)

	MacKiDo/Dojo/whats_memory_protection
		Memory is just a loooong series of addresses (locations) that have values (code or data) stored in it (usually 4 Gigabytes).
		If a Memory map is usually 4 Gigabytes, and you have 32 Megabytes of Physical RAM (and double that used by "Virtual Memory") or 64 Megabytes of total memory -- you are still only using 1.6% of the memory map.
		Some forms of memory protection not only want to protect apps from each other, but they can try to help protect an Application from themselves.
	www.mackido.com /Software/whats_memory_protection.html (2597 words)

	Caldera DR-DOS DPMS API Guide
		In protected mode, different segments must be used for code and data, and code segments cannot be written to.
		Protected mode programming in general is not just a matter of using segments differently to real mode, but also involves the construction and management of an entire protected mode system, which is especially complicated if the protected mode system is based upon DOS.
		Protected mode has several advantages over real mode, only one of which is the ability to execute code in extended memory.
	www.drdos.com /dosdoc/dpms/01dpms01.htm (3285 words)

	[No title]
		You can specify a memory model by starting with a sequentially consistent model (the most restrictive, or strongest model), and then specify how reads and writes from a single thread can be introduced, removed, or moved with respect to one another.
		Before the memory is accessed by another thread, the reading thread will enter a lock and the second rule ensures that the reads happen logically after the lock was taken.
		In the ECMA memory model, however, ordinary writes can be reordered with respect to one another and thus the code is broken unless volatile declarations are used on the head field to force a specific order of the writes.
	msdn.microsoft.com /msdnmag/issues/05/10/MemoryModels/default.aspx (7259 words)

	Chapter 5: Optimizing the Network and Server
		Pages of memory are used and then may be returned to a local pool (which belongs to the server) while a process is still running, and the memory may be reclaimed by the server for further use.
		NetWare servers now use virtual memory, which means that free space on the hard drives can be used to simulate RAM with a swap file, similar to the one you may be used to in Windows.
		Protected address space can be created, have modules loaded, have modules unloaded, can be removed and can be killed.
	home.att.net /~s.k.vincent/252_5.htm (2728 words)

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