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Topic: Protection of Children Act 1978

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	Children Act 1989 (c. 41)
		Removal and accommodation of children by police in cases of emergency.
		Powers to assist in discovery of children who may be in need of emergency protection.
		Children not to be cared for and accommodated in unregistered children’s homes.
	www.opsi.gov.uk /acts/acts1989/Ukpga_19890041_en_1.htm (522 words)

	Protection of Children Act 1978 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Acts of Parliament of the Kingdom of England to 1706
		Acts of Parliament of the Kingdom of Ireland
		The Protection of Children Act 1978 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Protection_of_Children_Act_1978 (1368 words)

	Indecent photograph of a child - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Protection of Children Act 1978 introduced the concept of an indecent photograph of a child into UK legislation.
		Simple possession of such photographs was not an offence until the passing of the Criminal Justice Act 1988, which depends upon the 1978 Act for the definitions of indecent photographs.
		The Sexual Offences Act 2003 raised the age of a child from 16 to 18, and created three new "pornography" offences, including inciting a child to become involved in pornography (section 48); controlling the actions of a child involved in pornography (s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indecent_photograph_of_a_child (368 words)

	Protection of Children Act 1978 ( as amended by CJA, CJPOA, CJCSA, CA and SOA)
		(3) Proceedings for an offence under this Act shall not be instituted except by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions.
		This subsection shall not affect section 1 of the Criminal Evidence Act 1898 (competency of witnesses in criminal cases), or any case where the wife or husband of the accused may at common law be called as a witness without the consent of the accused.
		(3) In proceedings under this Act relating to indecent photographs of children a person is to be taken as having been a child at any material time if it appears from the evidence as a whole that he was then under the age of 18.
	www.geocities.com /pca_1978/reference/pca_1978amSOA.html (2013 words)

	Copyright - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Copyright Act of 1976, though it has been modified since its enactment, is currently the basis of copyright law in the United States.
		In addition, copyright, in most cases, does not prohibit one from acts such as modifying, defacing, or destroying his or her own legitimately obtained copy of a copyrighted work, so long as duplication is not involved.
		The Digital Millennium Copyright Act prohibits the manufacture, importation, or distribution of devices whose intended use, or only significant commercial use, is to bypass an access or copy control put in place by a copyright owner.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Copyright (8535 words)

	Indecent Acts
		This Act also amended both the Protection of Children Act and the Criminal Justice Act 1988 so as to add defences to charges of "making indecent photographs" or possession where the maker and the subject were in a marriage or pretend-marriage relationship.
		Offences under the Protection of Children Act 1978 are triable on indictment, as are offences under Section 160 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988 and ss.
		Section 2.-(3) of the Protection of Children Act provides that a person is to be taken as having been a child at any material time if it appears from the evidence as a whole that he was then under the defined age of a child.
	www.geocities.com /pca_1978 (11985 words)

	COTSE Law Pages
		The Act particularly deals with the use of children in pornographic photography even where no other form of abuse had occurred.
		Under section 160 of the 1988 Act as amended by section 84(4) of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, it is an offence for a person to have any indecent photograph or pseudo-photograph of a child in his possession.
		Section 2 extends, for the purposes of the Act, the scope of incitement to ensure that any incitement by means of a telephone call, fax, Internet message or similar method is deemed to take place in the UK if the message is received in the UK.
	www.cotse.com /law/pca.html (632 words)

	Vogon International's Forensic Bulletin - October 2001 - A Dilemma (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For the purposes of this Act a person shall be regarded as distributing an indecent photograph or pseudo-photograph if he parts with possession of it to, or exposes or offers it for acquisition by another person.
		When a consultant is engaged as expert for the Crown they are deemed to be acting as agents for the prosecuting authority and as such may have access to original evidence in order to create a working image copy of that material under controlled conditions.
		Abusers of children, producers and distributors of paedophile material have to be dealt with in an appropriate manner and nothing should impede the investigation and prosecution of offenders.
	www.vogon-forensic-hardware.com /forensic-bulletin/volume3/issue7/a-dilemma.htm (673 words)

	Internet Watch Foundation - Protection of Children Act 1978 (England & Wales)
		Protection of Children Act 1978 (England and Wales)
		Section 1 of this act, as amended by the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, creates various offences of taking or distributing indecent photographs or pseudo-photographs of a child under 18 years of age.
		The Act is not available to download from Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, but it can be purchased in hard copy from them, for more information, please visit the Her Majesty's Stationary Office web-site
	www.iwf.org.uk /police/page.22.36.htm (284 words)

	FCLJ Vol 46, No. 2 - Hayes
		It places time restrictions on advertising during children's programming,(note 15) requires broadcasters to make an effort to air programming that benefits children,(note 16) and informs broadcasters that, at license renewal time, compliance with these factors will be considered as part of their duty to program in the public interest.
		One is that broadcasting is to be made in the public interest,(note 34) and it is in the interest of children to protect them from the persuasions of advertising.
		Children are said to spend as much time in front of the television as they do in the classroom.
	www.law.indiana.edu /fclj/pubs/v46/no2/hayes.html (11562 words)

	Draft Protection of Children (Amendment No.3) (Jersey) Law 200-
		The purpose of the Law is the protection of children not only from direct involvement in indecent activity, but also from the making of pseudo images which might excite paedophile tendencies in adults.
		Sometimes children as young as 4 years old are engaged in the sexual activity which is the subject of the photograph.
		This draft Law amends the Protection of Children (Jersey) Law 1994 so as to increase the terms of imprisonment that may be imposed for certain offences.
	www.statesassembly.gov.je /documents/propositions/42389-49869-1692003.htm (1099 words)

	EmailMarketingWizard, your optin email marketing solution (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Data Protection Act 1998, which came into force on 1 March 2000 continues to give individuals the right, enforceable by the courts, to object to the use of their personal information for direct marketing purposes.
		The regulations, which implement an EC Directive, are aimed at protecting the interests of consumers and traders from the effects of misleading advertisements.
		Protection of Children Act 1978, as amended by the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, makes it an offence to distribute or show indecent photographs or pseudo-photographs (an image, created by a computer or otherwise, which appears to be a photograph) of a child under the age of 16.
	www.emailmarketingwizard.com /spam/uk.shtml (1920 words)

	Disclaimer \| De Montfort University - Leicester, UK
		We are committed to respecting and protecting the privacy of everyone who visits our site or provides us with personal information.
		The Children and Young Persons Act 1963: The University undertakes to seek a licence where necessary from the appropriate local authority for any performance activity in which children are taking part and which may be recorded with a view to being broadcast, published or shown to the public.
		The Data Protection Act 1998: The University undertakes to inform all those whose images may be recorded (or their parents/guardians if under 18 years of age) of the purposes for which the images may be used by the University.
	www.dmu.ac.uk /aboutdmu/disclaimer.jsp (355 words)

	NUFF - Naturist Photography of Children - The Protection of Children Act (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Appeal Court judgement in R v Land, 1997 determined that, in the absence of evidence of the age of the subject of the image, the jury or bench shall use their own judgement to decide whether or not the subject is a child, and expert evidence on this matter is not admissible.
		Note that the Sexual Offences Act 2003 came into force in May 2004, increasing the age below which a photograph's subject is a "child" for the purposes of these offences, from 16 to 18.
		Courts judge that children have the right to be protected from exploitation - which is in accordance with HRA, ECHR, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, and subsequent UN resolutions.
	www.forcers.org.uk /nuffoto/poca.htm (2325 words)

	ConsumerPrivacyGuide.org \| Law Protection
		While currently there is no national law to protect the privacy of the information you share online, federal law and state law do offer some protection to various kinds of personal information collected about you.
		At the same time, the states have exercised their strong interest in protecting their citizens as consumers, patients, students and participants in civic life.
		If you have specific questions about your privacy protection at the state level, a resource you may find useful is Compilation of State and Federal Privacy Laws, published by Robert Ellis Smith.
	www.consumerprivacyguide.org /law (243 words)

	Internet Law and Policy Forum - Working Groups and Publications
		The Protection of Children Act 1978 makes it an offence to distribute (or have in your possession with a view to their being distributed) indecent photographs (including stills from a film) of children under 16.
		Again as with the Obscene Publications Act, there is a defence that the distributor did not see the work in issue and did not know or have cause to suspect them to be indecent.
		The US Telecommunications Act of 1996 was signed on 8 February 1996 by President Clinton and it included various provisions intended to combat obscene and indecent communications.
	www.ilpf.org /groups/content/offensive.htm (5658 words)

	WIASA.org -- Childrens Guardian (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Protection of Children from Sexual Predators Act 1998
		Children are naturally trusting, innocent and very curious which means that they can easily be victims of exploitation and other forms of online crimes.
		It is very important to talk to your children and take the necessary technological and supervisory precautions to insure your children surf in safety.
	wiasa.org /agencies/cg (422 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: )
		There is also a particular responsibility in relation to indecent photographs of children as the circumstances may indicate that the child is in need of care and protection.
		The Protection of Children Act 1978 (as amended), makes it an offence "to take or permit to be taken any indecent photograph of a child" or to possess such a photo without a legitimate reason.
		If you receive material which you prefer not to handle, it may not be appropriate to involve the police but you should have a private discussion with your customer to explain your policy, destroy the prints (but return the negatives), and ask the customer not to submit any similar material in future.
	www.pmai.org /international/united_kingdom/uk_legal_objectionable_material.htm (1118 words)

	WorldNetDaily: Townshend arrested on kid-porn charges
		Townshend, 57, was arrested at his London home on suspicion of possessing indecent images of children, suspicion of making indecent images of children and suspicion of incitement to distribute indecent images of children, Scotland Yard announced today.
		A Scotland Yard spokesman told the Press Association: "He has been arrested under the Protection of Children Act 1978 on suspicion of possessing indecent images of children, suspicion of making indecent images of children and on suspicion of incitement to distribute indecent images of children."
		Under UK law, it is a criminal offense punishable by up to up to five years imprisonment for anyone to possess indecent photographs or pseudo-photographs of children.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/printer-friendly.asp?ARTICLE_ID=30469 (545 words)

	BBC News \| UK \| Two Britons charged over 'paedophile ring'
		And Ian Margretts, 29, of Tunberry Close, Bicester, Oxfordshire, is charged with the same offence between 23 November, 2001 and 20 March, 2002.
		The Britons were charged under the Protection of Children Act 1978 and have been bailed to appear at Bicester Magistrates Court on 26 March.
		Detective Superintendent Mick Deats from the newly formed NHTCU said the operation had begun about four months ago and the children involved in the alleged ring could be anywhere in the world.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk/1883630.stm (304 words)

	High Tech "NewsBits" for 08/29/03
		Some of the pornographic images found by the police featured dead children and one even showed a dead youngster lying in a coffin.
		Drivers caught will be slapped with a fine and imprisonment as the act threatens lives, police spokesman Phillip Mah in a letter to The Straits Times.
		The act can result in a penalty of up to S$1,000 (US$571) or a jail term of up to six months, or both.
	www.newsbits.net /2003/20030829.htm (1632 words)

	BBC News \| ENTERTAINMENT \| Saatchi gallery will not be prosecuted
		Police officers were called to the Saatchi Gallery in London last week after complaints about photos taken by American photographer Tierney Gearon of her own children and a second photographer Nan Goldin.
		A CPS spokesman said that after careful consideration there was no realistic prospect of any conviction under the Protection of Children Act 1978.
		Ms Gearon's photos show her children in a variety of locations, often naked or semi-naked.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/entertainment/1222981.stm (447 words)

	Wednesday, April 28, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Possession of child pornography (‘indecent’ photographs of children under the age of 16) is a serious criminal offence under the Protection of Children Act 1978 and section 160 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988.
		If employees are looking at something that they can’t print out and hang on the door of their classroom or office, they probably shouldn’t be looking at it on school time, on school equipment.
		In order to comply with the federal law CIPA, Child Internet Protection Access, which is enacted to protect students and in order to protect the school district’s network from virus infestations, inappropriate content access, copy right violations, and integrity of the network the following guidelines are in place.
	www.holbrook.k12.az.us /tech/AUP/AUP_violations.htm (1912 words)

	Scientology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He posted part of the church's works on the Usenet news group alt.religion.scientology; this was an illegal act, because he had not first obtained permission from the copyright holder.
		Although most of his writings are public, the OT documents are very carefully protected by the Church.
		It claims to act freely so as to draw members who subsequently undergo...brainwashing by dictated ways of thinking that limit reaction capabilities." Scientology representative Heber Jentzsch wrote: "The case is a sham.
	www.chaplaincare.navy.mil /scientology.htm (3792 words)

	Manchester City Council: Children's Services Department: Child Protection Manual: Appendix 2
		However, for the purposes of determination of age under section 99(2) of 1933 Act, only the offences (and attempts where indicated) under sections 10,11,12, 14,15,16,20 and 28 of the 1956 Act above are applicable.
		Offences under Part I of the Act which are subject to notification requirements by sex offenders.
		(a) section 7 (interpretation) of the Protection of Children Act 1978 shall apply as it applies for the purposes of that Act; and
	www.manchester.gov.uk /ssd/children/manual/appendices/appendix2.htm (662 words)

	The Construction Industry Compliance Assistance Center
		The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to reissue its stormwater Construction General Permit for a two-year time period.
		On March 31, 2008, EPA announced new requirements to protect children from lead-based paint hazards in pre-1978 housing or child-occupied facilities being renovated or remodeled.
		The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency released a new rule on March 31, 2008 to clarify how to provide compensatory mitigation for unavoidable impacts to the nation’s wetlands and streams.
	www.cicacenter.org (542 words)

	A Study of Suppression of Information
		One of my children, a Northwestern student at the time, saw the study advertised, found out the details of participation, applied for the study, and was rejected when she told the researchers that she was not very sensitive to MSG.
		Beginning in 1978, before aspartame was approved by the FDA for use in food, glutamate-industry researchers used aspartame in placebos (Ebert, 1991b).
		Under the provisions of the Administrative Procedures Act, the FDA need disclose to the public, or the Courts, only that information which is part of the Administrative Record for the matter in question; and it is the FDA that determines what the Administrative record for any question shall be.
	www.truthinlabeling.com /l-manuscript.html (11687 words)

	Protection of Children Act 1978 (-), acts@swarb.co.uk, David Swarbrick, Solicitor, Wrigley Claydon
		Protection of Children Act 1978 (-), acts@swarb.co.uk, David Swarbrick, Solicitor, Wrigley Claydon
		Search lawindexpro for case law on this statute.
		(3) In proceedings under this Act relating to indecent photographs of children a person is to be taken as having been a child at any material time if it appears, from the evidence as a whole, that he was then under the age of 16.
	www.swarb.co.uk /acts/1978Protection_of_ChildrenAct.shtml (531 words)

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