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Topic: Protein C

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	Protein C - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Protein C deficiency is a rare genetic disorder that predisposes to venous thrombosis and habitual abortion.
		In initial stages of action, inhibition of protein C may be stronger than inhibition of the vitamin K-dependant coagulation factors (II, VII, IX and X), leading to paradoxical activation of coagulation and necrosis of skin areas.
		Drotrecogin alpha (activated) is recombinant activated protein C. It is used in the treatment of sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Protein_C (237 words)

	Protein C Deficiency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Protein C deficiency is a genetic trait that predisposes one to the formation of venous clots.
		Activated protein C then combines with protein S on the surface of a platelet (platelets are the clotting cells that circulate in the blood and provide phospholipids to support that clotting process).
		Protein C deficiency is present in approximately 0.2% of the general population.
	www-admin.med.uiuc.edu /hematology/PtProtC.htm (919 words)

	Protein C and Protein S: The Test
		Protein C and Protein S tests are ordered when you have had a thrombotic episode, especially when you are relatively young (less than 50 years old) and/or do not have any other obvious reasons for developing a blood clot.
		Protein C and Protein S tests should not, however, be ordered for at least 10 days after the episode and they should not be ordered while you are on anticoagulant therapy.
		Protein C and Protein S concentrations (quantity) may be measured with, or after, function/activity levels to determine whether a sufficient amount of each is being produced, to determine the severity of any deficiencies, and to classify the type of deficiency.
	labtestsonline.org /understanding/analytes/protein_c_and_s/test.html (973 words)

	Protein C and Protein S: The Test Sample
		Proteins C and S are normally present in blood and serve as one system in preventing excessive blood clotting.
		Protein S exists in 2 forms, free and bound, but only the free Protein S is available to combine with Protein C. There are 3 types of Protein S deficiencies.
		Since both proteins are produced in the liver and are vitamin K dependent; liver disease, a shortage of vitamin K, or anticoagulant therapy that opposes vitamin K, may result in reduced Protein C and/or Protein S levels.
	labtestsonline.org /understanding/analytes/protein_c_and_s/sample.html (696 words)

	C-reactive protein -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		CRP was originally discovered by Tillett and Francis in 1930 as a substance in the serum of patients with acute (A response of body tissues to injury or irritation; characterized by pain and swelling and redness and heat) inflammation that reacted with the C polysaccharide of (Bacterium causing pneumonia in mice and humans) pneumococcus.
		CRP is a member of the class of acute phase reactants as its levels rise dramatically during (Click link for more info and facts about inflammatory) inflammatory processes occurring in the body.
		Measuring and charting C-reactive protein values can prove useful in determining (An impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning) disease progress or the effectiveness of treatments.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/c/c-reactive_protein.htm (594 words)

	Protein C Activity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Protein C production is decreased during Coumadin therapy.
		The protein C assay should be ordered at least 10 days after a thrombotic event or after termination of Coumadin therapy.
		If the functional PC assay indicates a deficiency, the protein C antigen assay may be used to distinguish qualitative from quantitative disorders.
	peir.path.uab.edu /coag/article_111.shtml (135 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: C-reactive protein
		C-reactive protein is a test that measures the concentration of a protein in serum that indicates acute inflammation.
		CRP is detected with the use of antiserum (serum that contains antibodies for a particular antigen) in several tests that measure the protein and protein-bound molecules.
		C-reactive protein is a special type of protein produced by the liver that is only present during episodes of acute inflammation.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003356.htm (689 words)

	eMedicine - Protein C Deficiency : Article by Eleanor S Pollak, MD
		Protein C is a 62-kD glycoprotein, synthesized in the liver as a zymogen, which circulates in the blood at a concentration of 4 mcg/mL.
		Frequency of protein C deficiency in patients with hypercoagulability and venous thrombosis is approximately 5%.
		Because of the low levels of protein C during childhood, a definitive diagnosis of inherited deficiency of heterozygous disease should not be made on the basis of plasma levels until an individual reaches maturity.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic1923.htm (5333 words)

	Genomics\|Population Research\|Health Studies\|Protein C and Venous Thrombosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		However, the major exception was that the prevalence of FV Leiden was not as high in symptomatic protein C deficient individuals (37) as reported for the Dutch families and the one Arab family.
		Dahlback B. Resistance to activated protein C, the Arg 506 to Gln mutation in the factor V gene, and venous thrombosis.
		Resistance to activated protein C in unselected patients with arterial and venous thrombosis.
	www.cdc.gov /genomics/info/reports/research/protein_c.html (6444 words)

	AllRefer Health - Congenital Protein C or S Deficiency
		These inherited disorders of blood coagulation are caused by deficiency of the Vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins C or S that are naturally occurring anticoagulants.
		Congenital protein C or S deficiency is an inherited disorder that causes abnormal blood clotting.
		Heterozygous (one normal gene and one defective) protein C deficiency occurs in approximately 1 in 300 members of the general population.
	health.allrefer.com /health/congenital-protein-c-or-s-deficiency-info.html (479 words)

	Protein Kinase C
		One subgroup of protein kinases is protein kinase C, which catalyze the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in certain proteins.
		Drug companies have been developing inhibitors of protein kinase C because a number of processes important in certain diseases, notably solid tumors, are facilitated by the action of protein kinase C. Thus inhibitors of protein kinase C have potential as anti-cancer drugs.
		Protein kinase C lies on the signaling pathway for vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated tumor development and angiogenesis.
	www.eyesight.org /Research/Research-Kinase/research-kinase.html (561 words)

	The Soluble Endothelial Protein C Receptor Binds to Activated Neutrophils: Involvement of Proteinase-3 and CD11b/CD18 ...
		The protein C pathway is a primary regulator of blood coagulation and
		Plasma levels of endothelial cell protein C receptor are elevated in patients with sepsis and systemic lupus erythematosus: lack of correlation with thrombomodulin suggests involvement of different pathological processes.
		Human protein C receptor is present primarily on endothelium of large blood vessels: implications for the control of the protein C pathway.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/165/8/4697 (5350 words)

	Encyclopedia: Protein C
		(http://us.expasy.org/cgi-bin/nicezyme.pl?3.4.21.69)) that is activated by thrombin into activated protein C (APC).
		The activated form (with protein S as a cofactor) degrades Factor Va and Factor VIIIa, which are themselves cofactors to the activation of Factor X.
		Drotrecogin alpha (activated) is recombinant activated protein C. It is used in the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Protein-C (261 words)

	C REACTIVE PROTEIN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the last few years it has become clear that an assay for C-reactive protein that is much more sensitive than the routine assay can determine the relative levels of C-reactive protein in what was considered the normal range.
		The highly sensitive C-reactive protein assay can determine whether there is a very mild elevation in the baseline C-reactive protein.
		Individuals who would benefit from having a highly sensitive C-reactive protein determined would include individuals who are not clearly high or low risk in which therapy is being determined.
	www.preventive-cardiology.com /highly_sensitive_crp.htm (381 words)

	Rapid Activation of Protein C by Factor Xa and Thrombin in the Presence of Polyanionic Compounds -- Rezaie 91 (12): ...
		Rapid Activation of Protein C by Factor Xa and Thrombin in the Presence of Polyanionic Compounds -- Rezaie 91 (12): 4572 -- Blood
		Rapid Activation of Protein C by Factor Xa and Thrombin in the Presence of Polyanionic Compounds
		Inactivation of the Gene for Anticoagulant Protein C Causes Lethal Perinatal Consumptive Coagulopathy in Mice
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/abstract/91/12/4572 (628 words)

	Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Protein Kinase C{delta} Is Essential for Its Apoptotic Effect in Response to Etoposide -- ...
		Buchner, K. The role of protein kinase C in the regulation of cell growth and in signalling to the cell nucleus.
		Tyrosine phosphorylation of protein kinase C- in response to the activation of the high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E modifies its substrate recognition.
		Differential translocation of protein kinase C isozymes by phorbol esters, EGF, and ANG II in rat liver WB cells.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/22/1/182 (6420 words)

	Dopamine-induced Exocytosis of Na,K-ATPase Is Dependent on Activation of Protein Kinase C-epsilon and -delta -- Ridge ...
		(C) Na,K-ATPase protein abundance was evaluated by Western blot in whole cells lysates prepared from alveolar epithelial cells treated with 1 µM DA for 15 min and compared with untreated control cells.
		Chen, C., and Mochly-Rosen, D. Opposing Effects of delta, and xi PKC in ethanol-induced cardioprotection.
		Prekeris, R., Mayhew, M.W., Cooper, J.B., and Terrian, D.M. Identification and localization of an actin-binding motif that is unique to the epsilon isoform of protein kinase C and participates in the regulation of synaptic function.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/13/4/1381 (4982 words)

	C Reactive Protein
		Recent research shows that having a high C-Reactive Protein blood test increases your risk of suffering a heart attack or stroke by twice as much as having a high cholesterol.
		C-Reactive Protein levels fluctuate from day to day, and levels increase with aging, high blood pressure, alcohol use, smoking, low levels of physical activity, chronic fatigue, coffee consumption, having elevated triglycerides, insulin resistance or diabetes, taking estrogen, eating a high protein diet, and suffering sleep disturbances, or depression.
		IF YOU HAVE A HIGH C REACTIVE PROTEIN, try to correct the known causes: infection, high blood pressure, alcohol use, smoking, low levels of physical activity, chronic fatigue, coffee consumption, having elevated triglycerides, insulin resistance or diabetes, taking estrogen, eating a high protein diet, and suffering sleep disturbances, or depression.
	www.healthyheartmiracle.com /reports/2134.shtml (444 words)

	Low Levels of Protein C Are Associated With Poor Outcome in Severe Sepsis -- Yan et al. 120 (3): 915 -- Chest
		Low Levels of Protein C Are Associated With Poor Outcome in Severe Sepsis -- Yan et al.
		C deficiency at entry to the ISS trial (baseline).
		A Protein C Deficiency Exacerbates Inflammatory and Hypotensive Responses in Mice During Polymicrobial Sepsis in a Cecal Ligation and Puncture Model
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/abstract/120/3/915 (760 words)

	Anticoagulant Synergism of Heparin and Activated Protein C In Vitro . Role of a Novel Anticoagulant Mechanism of ...
		Wideman (1981) Deficiency of protein C in congenital thrombotic disease.
		Marble, and J.H. Griffin (1983) Inherited protein C deficiency and coumarin-responsive chronic relapsing purpura fulminans in a newborn infant.
		Berrettini, and J.H. Griffin (1989) Purification and characterization of plasma protein C inhibitor.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/99/11/2655 (6428 words)

	Protein Kinase C-{{epsilon}} Plays a Role in Neurite Outgrowth in Response to Epidermal Growth Factor and Nerve Growth ...
		Aliquots of soluble (S), membrane (M), and cytoskeletal (C) fractions of PC12 cells untreated or treated with NGF or EGF for 15 min were subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted as described in "Materials and Methods." Blots were probed with antibodies specific to the appropriate PKC isoforms, as indicated in the figure.
		Nishizuka Y. The molecular heterogeneity of protein kinase C and its implications for cellular regulation.
		Reinhold D. S., Neet K. The lack of a role for protein kinase C in neurite extension and in the induction of ornithine decarboxylase by nerve growth factor in PC12 cells.
	cgd.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/10/3/183 (5994 words)

	The Sanger Institute: C. elegans Project
		Wormpep contains the predicted proteins from the Caenorhabditis elegans genome sequencing project, which is carried out jointly by the Sanger Institute in Cambridge, UK and the Genome Sequencing Center in St. Louis, USA.
		The current Wormpep database, wormpep149 (released 28 09 2005), contains 10,042,409 residues in 22,841 protein sequences (of which 1969 have splice variants) - wormpep149 is based on the current WS149 release of the C.
		Look for a protein using one of the following query strings: the CDS identifier of the sequence (e.g.
	www.sanger.ac.uk /Projects/C_elegans/WORMBASE/current/wormpep.shtml (204 words)

	Activated Protein C Resistance and Factor V Leiden Mutation Are Independent Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism -- ...
		Activated Protein C Resistance and Factor V Leiden Mutation Are Independent Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism -- Rodeghiero and Tosetto 130 (8): 643 -- Annals of Internal Medicine
		Activated Protein C Resistance and Factor V Leiden Mutation Are Independent Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism
		Acquired activated protein C resistance is associated with lupus anticoagulants and thrombotic events in pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/abstract/130/8/643 (859 words)

	NEJM -- C-Reactive Protein and Other Circulating Markers of Inflammation in the Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease
		C reactive protein levels are increased in non-allergic but not allergic asthma: a multicentre epidemiological study.
		Kistorp, C., Raymond, I., Pedersen, F., Gustafsson, F., Faber, J., Hildebrandt, P. N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide, C-Reactive Protein, and Urinary Albumin Levels as Predictors of Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Older Adults.
		Lipoprotein-associated inflammatory proteins: markers or mediators of cardiovascular disease?.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/short/350/14/1387 (2955 words)

	The V5 Domain of Protein Kinase C Plays a Critical Role in Determining the Isoform-Specific Localization, ...
		Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of at least 10 serine/threonine
		Immunocytochemical localization of 8 protein kinase C isozymes overexpressed in NIH3T3 fibroblasts—isoform-specific association with microfilaments, Golgi, endoplasmic-reticulum, and nuclear and cell-membranes.
		Mouse protein kinase C-, the major isoform expressed in mouse hematopoietic cells, sequence of the cDNA, expression patterns, and characterization of the protein.
	mcr.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/2/2/129 (4772 words)

	Activated Protein C Inhibits Local Coagulation after Intrapulmonary Delivery of Endotoxin in Humans -- van der Poll et ...
		Activated Protein C Inhibits Local Coagulation after Intrapulmonary Delivery of Endotoxin in Humans -- van der Poll et al.
		protein C concentrations, which was prevented by APC.
		C did not influence the endotoxin-induced rise in local soluble
	www.ajrccm.org /cgi/content/abstract/171/10/1125 (346 words)

	Anticoagulant Synergism of Heparin and Activated Protein C In Vitro . Role of a Novel Anticoagulant Mechanism of ...
		Anticoagulant Synergism of Heparin and Activated Protein C In Vitro.
		Interactions between standard heparin and the physiological anticoagulant plasma protein, activated protein C (APC) were studied.
		Altered inactivation pathway of factor Va by activated protein C in the presence of heparin
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/abstract/99/11/2655 (475 words)

	News - Oral Protein Kinase C Beta Inhibitor Slows Progress of Macular Edema and Stabilizes Visual Acuity in Patients ...
		The new drug, ruboxistaurin mesylate (RBX), is a protein kinase C beta inhibitor, the first of a new class of compounds being investigated for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
		The agent blocks activation of cell signaling molecules that lead to altered gene expression and altered protein function, both of which are implicated in abnormal angiogenesis, blood flow and hyperpermeability in the microvessels of the eye.
		Treatment also delayed the progress of diabetic macular edema to within 100 microns of the centre of the macula in eyes that already had clinically significant macular edema at baseline, he said.
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E18852570A30082F705 (681 words)

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