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Topic: Protein kinase

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	Mitogen-activated protein kinase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In cell biology, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (EC 2.7.1.37) are serine/threonine-specific protein kinases that respond to extracellular stimuli (mitogens) and regulate various cellular activities, such as gene expression, mitosis, differentiation, and cell survival/apoptosis.
		The ERKs (also known as classical MAPKs) signaling pathway is preferentially activated in response to growth factors and phorbol ester (a tumor promoter), and regulates cell proliferation and cell differentiation.
		The JNKs (also known as stress-activated protein kinases; SAPKs) and p38 signaling pathways are responsive to stress stimuli, such as cytokines, ultraviolet irradiation, heat shock, and osmotic shock, and are involved in cell differentiation and apoptosis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/MAP_kinase (244 words)

	Protein kinase - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Kinases are turned on or off by phosphorylation (sometimes by the kinase itself - cis-phosphorylation/autophosphorylation), by binding of activator proteins or inhibitor proteins, or small molecules, or by controlling their location in the cell relative to their substrates.
		Protein kinase C ('PKC', EC 2.7.1.37) is actually a family of protein kinases consisting of ~10 isozymes.
		Upon activation, protein kinase C enzymes are translocated to the plasma membrane by RACK proteins (membrane-bound receptor for activated protein kinase C proteins).
	www.psychcentral.com /psypsych/Protein_kinase_C (2488 words)

	OriGene - cDNA Clones - Protein Kinase Family CloneSet
		Protein kinases play key roles in most aspects of cellular process, including cell division, signal transduction, apoptosis and cell mobility.
		Because dysfunction of kinase genes results in a variety of diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and heart disease, this family of genes has captured academic and pharmaceutical research interest.
		The comprehensive nature of the Kinase CloneSet and the uniformity and expression-readiness of the cloning vector enable comprehensive functional studies on this gene family.
	www.origene.com /cdna/gene_family/kinase.mspx (311 words)

	Protein Tyrosine Kinase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The complex pathways and protein components in signal transduction are emerging with increasing clarity.
		Tyrosine kinases catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine hydroxyls of proteins.
		Another general puzzle in the protein kinase field is defining which particular substrates are subject to phosphorylation by specific kinases in the cell.
	www.rockefeller.edu /labheads/cole/cole-ptk.html (599 words)

	Protein Kinase C
		One subgroup of protein kinases is protein kinase C, which catalyze the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in certain proteins.
		Drug companies have been developing inhibitors of protein kinase C because a number of processes important in certain diseases, notably solid tumors, are facilitated by the action of protein kinase C. Thus inhibitors of protein kinase C have potential as anti-cancer drugs.
		Protein kinase C lies on the signaling pathway for vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated tumor development and angiogenesis.
	www.eyesight.org /Research/Research-Kinase/research-kinase.html (561 words)

	Protein Kinase
		One unit of protein kinase is the amount of the enzyme that incorporates 1 nmol of phosphoryl groups into the indicated substrate per min.
		A tetrameric protein serine/threonine kinase that is ubiquitously distributed in eukaryotes.
		protein kinase is involved in cytoskeleton organization, apoptosis and signal transduction processes.
	www.gentaur.com /new_page_80.htm (804 words)

	protein kinase substrates
		It is phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and in vitro by protein kinase C. Purity: >80% (HPLC-MS).
		The synthetic heptapeptide LRRWSLG (W4-Kemptide) is readily phosphorylated by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA).
		Kinase activation in the absence of Cdk5 phosphorylation" J. Biol.
	www.proteinkinase.de /html/protein_kinase_substrates.html (1319 words)

	Pfam 19.0 : Pkinase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Eukaryotic protein kinases PUBMED:12734000, PUBMED:7768349, PUBMED:1835513, PUBMED:1956325, PUBMED:3291115 are enzymesthat belong to a very extensive family of proteins which share a conserved catalytic core common withboth serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases.
		There are a number of conserved regions in thecatalytic domain of protein kinases.
		Protein kinase catalytic domain sequence database: identification of conserved features of primary structure and classification of family members.
	pfam.wustl.edu /cgi-bin/getdesc?acc=PF00069 (174 words)

	Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Pathways: Regulation and Physiological Functions -- Pearson et al. 22 (2): 153 ...
		MAP kinase activity is controlled by phosphorylation of two residues, a tyrosine (185) and a threonine (183), that are in a surface loop known as the activation loop or phosphorylation lip.
		to indicate that it is a protein kinase.
		focal adhesions, with the focal adhesion protein paxillin, and
	edrv.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/22/2/153 (8489 words)

	One-thousand-and-one substrates of protein kinase CK2? -- MEGGIO and PINNA 17 (3): 349 -- The FASEB Journal
		of UBC3 to the F-box receptor protein ß-TrCP (175)
		Pinna, L. A., Meggio, F. (1997) Protein kinase CK2 ("casein kinase-2") and its implication in cell division and proliferation.
		Minin, A. A., Zemskov, E. A., Khaidarova, N. (1998) Protein kinase C and casein kinase 2 phosphorylate in vitro proteins of the annexin family from eggs of loach Misgurnus fossilis.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/17/3/349 (7583 words)

	Requirement of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3) for tumor necrosis factor-induced cytokine expression ...
		The MKK3 protein kinase was identified previously as a specific activator of the p38 MAP kinase (4).
		in the expression of the protein kinase MKK3 in the absence of
		The p38 MAP kinase (A and C) and JNK (B and D) activity was measured by using an immunocomplex kinase assay with the substrates ATF2 and c-Jun, respectively.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/96/7/3763 (4679 words)

	Kinase.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Each kinase report now includes diagram of the Pfam domain layout, and the search page also has a button to display domains for any number of kinases.
		KinBase holds information on over 1800 protein kinase genes found in the genomes of human, mouse, fruit fly, nematode worm, and yeast.
		Yeast and worm data were updated in a comparative Kinase Evolution analysis published in TiBS, and an update on nematode kinases, including those of C.
	www.kinase.com (299 words)

	AMP-activated protein kinase, a metabolic master switch: possible roles in Type 2 diabetes -- Winder and Hardie 277 ...
		AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits the glucose-activated expression of fatty acid synthase gene in rat hepatocytes.
		AMP-activated kinase reciprocally regulates triacylglycerol synthesis and fatty acid oxidation in liver and muscle: evidence that sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase is a novel target.
		Inhibition of lipolysis and lipogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes with AICAR, a cell permeable activator of AMP-activated protein kinase.
	ajpendo.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/277/1/E1 (5730 words)

	ScienceMatters @ Berkeley. Mapping Cellular Signals
		However, with more than 500 kinases in every cell, identifying a specific kinase's functionality and manipulating it without affecting others in the protein family is no easy task.
		To help understand each kinase's role in the cell, Shokat developed a chemical-genetic tool to selectively mutate kinases so that they can be individually switched on and off by introducing a drug into the body.
		Their aim is to identify the kinases that may be tied to asthma, diabetes, cancer, neurological disorders, and even drug addiction.
	sciencematters.berkeley.edu /archives/volume2/issue14/story2.php (803 words)

	Kinase Assays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		A kinase is protein enzyme that adds a phosphate onto a molecule, though typically only proteins.
		The addition of a phosphate covalently modulates the substrate protein and typically alters the substrate conformation sufficiently to either activate or inactivate it.
		In the Proteomics Chapter 6, Mike Snyder used protein microwell arrays to determine the specificity of almost all of the kinases in the yeast genome.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /courses/genomics/method/kinaseassay.html (283 words)

	Insulin-Induced Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) Attenuates Insulin-Stimulated MAP Kinase ...
		Hunter T 1995 Protein kinases and phosphatases: the yin and yang of protein phosphorylation and signalling.
		Zheng C-F, Guan K-L 1993 Dephosphorylation and inactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase by a mitogen-induced Thr/Tyr protein phosphatase.
		Kulas DT, Zhang W-R, Goldstein BJ, Furlanetto RW, Mooney RA 1995 Insulin receptor signalling is augmented by antisense inhibition of the protein tyrosine phosphatase LAR.
	mend.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/11/10/1532 (6557 words)

	Characterization of a Eukaryotic-Like Tyrosine Protein Kinase Expressed by the Shiga Toxin-Encoding Bacteriophage 933W ...
		On the binding of ATP to the autophosphorylating protein, Ptk, of the bacterium Acinetobacter johnsonii.
		A distinctive role for the Yersinia protein kinase: actin binding, kinase activation, and cytoskeleton disruption.
		Expression, purification, and physicochemical characterization of a recombinant Yersinia protein tyrosine phosphatase.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/186/11/3472 (5139 words)

	Regulation of Dopamine D1 Receptor Trafficking by Protein Kinase A-Dependent Phosphorylation -- Mason et al. 61 (4): ...
		The aim of this study was to use pharmacological inhibition of protein kinase A and mutation of potential protein kinase A
		Protein Kinase C Mediates Phosphorylation, Desensitization, and Trafficking of the D2 Dopamine Receptor
		Activation of Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Inhibits the Desensitization and Internalization of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors 1a and 1b
	molpharm.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/61/4/806 (493 words)

	CHI's Kinase
		Focused combinatorial libraries, iterative co-crystal structures and enzyme assays of protein kinases implicated in human diseases are yielding quantitative insights into enzyme inhibition.
		By tackling the entire human kinome at the level of molecular biology, we have rapidly identified tractable representatives from target kinase subfamilies that are amenable to purification for enzyme activity assays and co-crystallization trials.
		Subsequent analysis of the CDK2 inhibitor complex structures from the protein data bank reveals that the majority of ligands adopt one of these two binding modes and that this is also correlated with disorder of the T-loop and level of inhibition.
	www.healthtech.com /2003/kin (2087 words)

	Neurotensin Induces Protein Kinase C-dependent Protein Kinase D Activation and DNA Synthesis in Human Pancreatic ...
		Neurotensin Induces Protein Kinase C-dependent Protein Kinase D Activation and DNA Synthesis in Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Cell Line PANC-1 -- Guha et al.
		Neurotensin Induces Protein Kinase C-dependent Protein Kinase D Activation and DNA Synthesis in Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Cell Line PANC-1
		Protein Kinase C{nu}/Protein Kinase D3 Nuclear Localization, Catalytic Activation, and Intracellular Redistribution in Response to G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/62/6/1632 (642 words)

	Mammalian Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction Pathways Activated by Stress and Inflammation -- ...
		Mammalian Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction Pathways Activated by Stress and Inflammation.
		phosphoacceptor loop in subdomain VIII of the protein kinase catalytic
		Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinases (MSKs)-1 and -2 are a recently identified family of Ser/Thr protein
	physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/81/2/807 (8951 words)

	Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase is required for genotoxic stress relief in Arabidopsis -- Ulm et al. 15 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase is required for genotoxic stress relief in Arabidopsis -- Ulm et al.
		Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase is required for genotoxic stress relief in Arabidopsis
		The Complement of Protein Phosphatase Catalytic Subunits Encoded in the Genome of Arabidopsis
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/abstract/15/6/699 (624 words)

	Amazon.com: Protein Kinase Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology): Books: Alastair D. Reith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		...provides the methods and techniques utilized by experts to identify proteins according to their interactive relationship with other components of signaling cascades and protocols for analysis of functional properties.
		Presents a range of techniques and tools for understanding the roles of specific protein kinases within signalling cascades and for identification and evaluation of novel therapeutic targets.
		Many aspects of cellular metabolism are regulated by reversible phosphorylation of proteins.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0896037002?v=glance (569 words)

	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase: Conservation of a Three-Kinase Module From Yeast to Human -- WIDMANN et al. 79 (1): ...
		Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase: Conservation of a Three-Kinase Module From Yeast to Human -- WIDMANN et al.
		protein kinases are expressed in all eukaryotic cells.
		Cadmium Activates a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Gene and MBP Kinases in Rice
	physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/79/1/143 (2608 words)

	Insulin-Stimulated Protein Kinase C {lambda}/{zeta} Activity Is Reduced in Skeletal Muscle of Humans With Obesity and ...
		Insulin-Stimulated Protein Kinase C {lambda}/{zeta} Activity Is Reduced in Skeletal Muscle of Humans With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Reversal With Weight Reduction -- Kim et al.
		Differential effect of bicycling exercise intensity on activity and phosphorylation of atypical protein kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase in skeletal muscle
		Impaired Activation of Protein Kinase C-{zeta} by Insulin and Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-(PO4)3 in Cultured Preadipocyte-Derived Adipocytes and Myotubes of Obese Subjects
	diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/52/8/1935 (867 words)

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