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Topic: Protestant work ethic

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	Why Work? // Are we "anti-work"?
		Many of us think of work not just as effort expended in a productive process, but as a "necessary evil" - in other words, work is what we have to do so we can support ourselves.
		If your concept of work is drudgery, if you think of your job as something you'd rather not do if it weren't for the money, if you simply can't wait to retire so you can "enjoy life" - that kind of thinking is what we define as wage slavery, and we seek to abolish it.
		There is a difference between "jobs" and work, as we see it, though many people use these terms interchangeably.
	www.whywork.org /about/faq/antiwork.html (1432 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Protestant work ethic (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Protestant work ethic, or sometimes called the Puritan work ethic, is a Calvinist value emphasizing the necessity of constant labor in a person's calling as a sign of personal salvation.
		Protestants beginning with Martin Luther had reconceptualised work as a duty in the world for the benefit of the individual and society as a whole.
		The Protestant ethic maintained that work was a sacrifice that demonstrated moral worthiness, and it stressed the importance of postponed gratification.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Protestant-work-ethic (1265 words)

	Faith & Freedom Chapter Nine: The Protestant Spirit of Capitalism
		The nominally Protestant government of Henry VIII was at least as suspicious of trade as was Rome.
		Max Weber, in his classic study, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, makes the case that the central force driving the Puritan to be industrious was theology.
		The rejection of privilege, hereditary or otherwise, is essential to both the Protestant and the capitalist spirit.
	www.leaderu.com /orgs/cdf/ff/chap09.html (3462 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Proponents of the notion of the "Protestant work ethic" claim that the term refers to its Protestant origin and does not require Protestantism itself.
		As Ireland was ruled by a Protestant nation, while Japan modeled its modernization on largely Protestant nations like the United States, Great Britain and Germany, they could have received the secularized ethic from Protestants without it accepting any religious underpinning to it.
		The notion of the protestant work ethic faced some criticism in the twentieth century.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Protestant_work_ethic (514 words)

	protestant ethic - Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		protestant ethic, protestant ethic thesis The set of values embodied in early Protestantism, which has controversially been linked to the development of modern capitalism, most famously in Max Weber's classic essays on The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905).
		Ethnic differences in endorsement of the Protestant work ethic: the role of ethnic identity and perceptions of social class.
		The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Punishment.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O88-protestantethic.html (1013 words)

	Protestant work ethic
		Protestant preachers preached on the goodness and the necessity of manual labor and its efficacious effect for humans personally and on Christian society as a whole.
		Protestant ministers saw that this was not only a punishment meted out to man for his disobedience but also as a means for correcting and benefiting man as a sort of medicine.
		Work was seen as both occupying a person's time to prevent him from sinning and lazying around, a boon to the economic well-being of the family and society, and as a necessary consequence due to original sin.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/p/pr/protestant_work_ethic.html (796 words)

	Is There Any Such A Thing As A Biblical Work Ethic
		Work was originally meant to be incredibly fulfilling and agricultural work became arduous after the Fall (Genesis 3:17) as a result of God cursing the adamah.
		Work is the engine of prosperity in a world that will quickly send you broke if you fail to master it - through the concentrated application of specific and applied wisdom in a spirit of excellence.
		Work is defined to include preaching the gospel and Christian ministry providing that it is done diligently.(1Thess 5:12,13) Support of Christian workers is commended and not seen as them merely indulging their religious sentiments.
	aibi.gospelcom.net /tmk/tmk12_biblical_work_ethic.htm (2990 words)

	Daily Devotion: The Legacy of the Protestant Work Ethic
		Contributing to the discussion of the modern work ethic and the rise of capitalism was sociologist Max WeberÂ (seeÂ âMax Weber: A Compulsion for Workâ).
		The Protestant ethic of the 18th and 19th centuries was indeed a major factor in the development of the New World.
		After all, it is apparent that the secular replacement for the Protestant ethic is not producing fulfillment and happiness (seeÂ âOff to Workâ).
	vision.org /visionmedia/article.aspx?id=539 (2216 words)

	Off to Work
		Specifically, he posits that Western society is largely held captive within the âpsychological, historical grip of the Protestant work ethic.â That ethic was born of the idea that Paradise could be regained and salvation attained through work.
		Donkin describes Protestant reformer Martin Luther as âthe face of the working man, a son of toil commanded like Adam to work in the sweat of his brow,â the antithesis of the Roman Catholic hierarchy and clergy of his time, who were accustomed to comfort and subservience.
		Ciulla does an outstanding job of examining the meaning of work and its impact on our lives, but she is forced to admit that she has no all-encompassing solution to the dilemmas facing the modern worker.
	vision.org /visionmedia/page.aspx?id=413& (2866 words)

	Electronic Culture - The Hacker Work Ethic (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The familiar expression "Protestant work ethic" derives, of course, from Max Weber's famous essay The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904-1905).
		The elevation of work to the status of the most important thing in life-at its extreme, a work addiction that leads to complete neglect of one's loved ones-is another symptom of the Protestant ethic.
		The Protestant ethic is so deeply embedded in our present consciousness that it is often thought of as if it were just "human nature." Of course, it is not.
	www.netvironments.org /ECulture/Module3/HackerEthic/WorkEthic (3003 words)

	Capitalism and the Decline of the Protestant Work Ethic \| Daily Policy Digest \| NCPA
		Capitalism and the Decline of the Protestant Work Ethic
		Capitalism and the Decline of the Protestant Work Ethic
		On the eve of the 100th anniversary of Max Weber's essay, "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism," we are witnessing the decline and fall of the Protestant work ethic in Europe.
	www.ncpa.org /sub/dpd/index.php?page=article&Article_ID=5055 (356 words)

	Ministry in Daily Life
		Others regard the gradual demise of the Protestant work ethic as liberating, for it raises the possibility of a more open and flexible approach to work that is better suited to people’s personal makeup and to current economic realities.
		The unforeseen consequences of the Protestant perspective included a heightened sense of moral obligation to work, the conviction that a person’s election by God was authenticated by his or her achievements at work and the perceived importance of living thriftily off the proceeds from work, with the remainder being saved, invested or given away.
		Work increasingly became the place where most of one’s time and energy was invested, throwing out of balance the relationship between work, family and leisure.
	www.ivmdl.org /cbec.cfm?study=152 (1342 words)

	Protestant Work Ethic
		Protestants don't have the sacrament of confessing to a priest.
		Their work ethic is also based at least partly on the parable of the talents, which says that it is sinful, or at least "displeasing to God", to waste the skills or abilities which He has blessed you with.
		The work ethic is based upon Ephesians 6:5-9 "Slaves, be obedient to those who are your masters according to the flesh, with fear and trembling, in the sincerity of your heart, as to Christ; 6 not by way of eyeservice, as men-pleasers, but as slaves of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?ProtestantWorkEthic (2912 words)

	Protestant Ethic Harms Obese Women, U-M Study Says
		Protestant work ethic], or just being exposed to that viewpoint, has a negative effect on the self-esteem and mood of women who believe they’re overweight,” said Quinn.
		The Protestant ethic, as interpreted by the study, dictates that those who are overweight lack the self-discipline to manage their weight, and therefore deserve any negative outcomes they experience and are to be considered moral failures.
		Some may argue that by linking the Protestant work ethic to such negative outcomes as low self-esteem and eating disorders, the study is in effect suggesting that self-perceived overweight women should avoid contact with conservative views in order to protect their mental and physical health.
	www.umich.edu /~mrev/archives/1999/3-31-99/pg1.htm (1061 words)

	The Protestant ethic strikes back: Open source developers and the ethic of capitalism
		The Protestant ethic is a concept from the classical sociologist Max Weber illustrating the work- and money-centered, rather bureaucratic and hierarchical attitude to work.
		Crudely put, Weber claims that a Protestant ethic where individual work is the only way to ascend towards “divine glory” was the main reason why capitalism succeeded in the Western world.
		Therefore by “volunteer community” we mean those communities where the hacker work ethic is dominant, and by “company-based communities” we mean the communities where companies and business objectives have more importance and a majority of developers are paid for their contribution.
	www.firstmonday.org /issues/issue12_2/mikkonen (4142 words)

	Stumbling and Mumbling: The myth of the Protestant work ethic
		However, this correlation is wholly attributable to the fact that Protestant counties had higher literacy rates - which was, in turn, the result of Martin Luther's demand that children be educated to read the Bible themselves.
		Protestants were richer than Catholics because they were better educated, not because they were harder working or more frugal.
		Weber was trying to establish whether and to what extent protestantism influenced the formation of the capitalist work ethic, the essence of (which for him) lay in the idea that work per se was a virtue.
	stumblingandmumbling.typepad.com /stumbling_and_mumbling/2007/02/the_myth_of_the.html (676 words)

	article_Work Ethic (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Otherwise called a Protestant work ethic, a Google™ of the term “work ethic” yields a definition at Answers.com that reads, “A view of life that promotes hard work and self-discipline as a means to material prosperity.
		It is called Protestant because some Protestant groups believe that such prosperity is a sign of God's grace.” Whatever your faith (if any), and whatever your belief in a god (if any), the term “work ethic” extends beyond its faith-based origin into a generally accepted concept defining one’s attitude towards work and life.
		Your work ethic is how you feel deep down inside that you should behave and respond when it comes to deciding whether to work hard or not.
	www.springboardtraining.com /article_work_ethic.html (1436 words)

	Protestant/Puritan Work Ethic - Where did it come from? \| Ask MetaFilter
		Working hard became a very protestant ethic that marked their committment to their religion.
		Although the Protestant Work Ethic idea is overly simplistic today, at the time it was an extremely important book and is still today a must-read for any theorist or policy student.
		The Protestant Work Ethic I believe is derived from Max Weber's famous work of the same title, which was an examination of capitalism.
	ask.metafilter.com /35889/ProtestantPuritan-Work-Ethic-Where-did-it-come-from (1101 words)

	Max Weber - Protestant Ethic (Site not responding. Last check: )
		After careful study, Weber came to the belief that the protestant ethic broke the hold of tradition while it encouraged men to apply themselves rationally to their work.
		The protestant ethic therefore provided religious sanctions that fostered a spirit of rigorous discipline, encouraging men to apply themselves rationally to acquire wealth.
		While Weber does not believe that the protestant ethic was the only cause of the rise of capitalism, he believed it to be a powerful force in fostering its emergence.
	www.hewett.norfolk.sch.uk /curric/soc/weber/protest.htm (320 words)

	Weber - Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		We must, in other words, work out in the course of the discussion, as its most important result, the best conceptual formulation of what we here understand by the spirit of capitalism, that is the best from the point of view which interests us here.
		The peculiarity of this philosophy of avarice appears to be the ideal of the honest man of recognized credit, and above all the idea of a duty of the individual toward the increase of his capital, which is assumed as an end in itself.
		It is an obligation which the individual is supposed to feel and does feel towards the content of his professional [11] activity, no matter in what it consists, in particular no matter whether it appears on the surface as a utilization of his personal powers, or only of his material possessions (as capital).
	www2.pfeiffer.edu /~lridener/DSS/Weber/PECAP.HTML (7444 words)

	The Demise of the Work Ethic
		The media and the arts contribute to this perception of work as a drag - or a potentially dangerous addiction (when they portray raging and abusive workaholics).
		They frequently abuse substances, are narcissistic and destructively competitive (being driven, they are incapable of team work).
		Work was sacred and one's sense of self-worth depended on the satisfaction of one's clients.
	samvak.tripod.com /workethic.html (1387 words)

	Protestant Work Ethic
		To me the Protestant Work Ethic is finding joy in work.
		This is the real meaning of Protestant Work Ethic.
		Jesus is using work and entrepreneurial work at that, to illustrate something about the kingdom he is announcing to Israel.
	clublet.com /c/c/why?ProtestantWorkEthic (176 words)

	Amazon.com: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Routledge Classics): Books: Max Weber (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The problem with trying to separate this ethic from the Enlightenment, is that this ethic which posits diligent work for its own sake is clearly found in the ethics of Immanuel Kant, who classified this kind of work and labor as a "duty" (ethical rule) that the self has to itself.
		Hegel characterizes work as a means of the realization of Spirit within the human self, since the performance of duties which one would not normally choose to do can be thought of as a deliberate placing of oneself in the context of alienation.
		Work is thus a means of overcoming a system of deliberate self-alienation, and is vitally necessary.
	www.amazon.com /Protestant-Spirit-Capitalism-Routledge-Classics/dp/041525406X (2976 words)

	IngentaConnect The Protestant Work Ethic and Attributions of Responsibility: App... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		IngentaConnect The Protestant Work Ethic and Attributions of Responsibility: App...
		To test predictions from the model about the antecedents and consequences of responsibility, and also to test hypotheses about how the Protestant work ethic (PWE) is related to judgments of responsibility, participants made attributions about characters in achievement situations.
		PWE scores were associated with attributions of stronger links, greater personal responsibility, greater expected success, and more negative reactions to a possible failure.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bell/jasp/2005/00000035/00000007/art00009 (214 words)

	Lecture 3: The Protestant Reformation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hans was a self-made man. As a youth he worked menial jobs in copper mines -- but by the time Martin was born at Eisleben, he had risen to prominence and owned several mines.
		Good works, then, became a divine sign, a sign that the individual was making the best of their life here on earth.
		In The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904), the German sociologist Max Weber (1864-1920) asked why it is that the world's most wealthy men were of Protestant origin.
	www.historyguide.org /earlymod/lecture3c.html (3799 words)

	Work ethic Information
		It is also a belief in moral benefit of work and its ability to enhance character.
		An example would be the Protestant work ethic or East Asian work ethic.
		A work ethic may include being reliable, having initiative or maintaining social skills.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Work_ethic (68 words)

	4.1 The Nineteenth-Century Protestant Work Ethic
		As he was directly responsible for the line works Kustenjeh-Chernavoda and Varna-Rustchuck, Barkley gained first hand information about the character and working habits of his international "navvies".
		Research on the protestant work ethic (PWE) is so extensive that a comprehensive review is impossible within the limits of this paper.
		A universal taboo is placed on idleness, and industriousness is considered a religious ideal; waste is a vice, and frugality a virtue; complacency and failure are outlawed, and ambition and success are taken as sure signs of God's favour; the universal sign of sin is poverty, and the crowning sign of God's favour is wealth.
	www.scholars.nus.edu.sg /landow/victorian/history/dora/dora23.html (763 words)

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