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Topic: Proto-Algonquian language

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Nahua Newsletter 32 This was a reconstruction of Proto Algonquian society through the reconstructed Proto Algonquian language, and a diachronic account of its development into the ethnographically attested Algonquian societies. It was the Seris' knowledge of their environment, which the Spaniards viewed as hostile and nearly uninhabitable, coupled with their focus on small groups, that allowed them to resist both missionization and pacification. The documents are presented in a context that demonstrates the early contact between Seris and Jesuit missionaries, the contentious attempts at missionization, the eventual upheaval of the mission system, and the continued hostilities between the two groups. www.ipfw.edu /soca/Nahua32.html   (13938 words)

Ojibwe language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ojibwe is an Algonquian language, of the Algic family of languages, and is descended from Proto-Algonquian. Ojibwe is frequently referred to as a "Central Algonquian" language; however, Central Algonquian is an areal grouping rather than a genetic one. Ojibwe is spoken by around 10,000 people in the United States and by as many as 45,000 in Canada, making it one of the largest Algic languages by speakers. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ojibwe_language   (1407 words)

blhist.html One current hypothesis about the distribution of these languages is that as speakers of the parent language ("proto-Algonquian") moved eastward across Canada, a portion remained behind near the Rockies and are the progenitors of the Blackfoot tribes. Though there is no record of that parent language, its existence is posited to explain the regular correspondences of sounds and grammar when Algonquian languages are compared to one another. This means that there is clear evidence that Blackfoot and other members of the Algonquian family are all descendants of a single language spoken perhaps thousands of years ago (see "Algonquian features of Blackfoot"). people.uleth.ca /~frantz/blhist.html   (639 words)

Blackfoot language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Of all the Algonquian languages, Blackfoot is often said to have diverged most drastically from Proto-Algonquian. Blackfoot is the name of any of the Algonquian languages spoken by the Blackfoot tribe of Native Americans, who currently live in the northwestern plains of North America. This Indigenous languages of the Americas-related article is a stub. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Blackfoot_language   (265 words)

Ojibwe language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ojibwe is an Algonquian language, of the Algic family of languages, and is descended from Proto-Algonquian. Though Potawatomi was at one time part of the Ojibwe language, due to development of significant enough differences in the language since the contact period, it is now considered a separate language; however, among the Anishinaabeg, many still considers the Potawatomi language (known as Boodewaadamiimowin or Bodéwadmimwin) as a dialect of Anishinaabemowin. Ojibwe, Ojibwa, Chippewa or Anishinaabemowin (ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᒧᐎᓐ in Eastern Ojibwe syllabics) is the third most commonly spoken Native language in Canada (after Cree and Inuktitut), and the fourth most spoken in North America (behind Navajo, Cree, and Inuktitut). en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ojibwa_language   (3500 words)

TRIBAL LIFESTYLE The Mi'kmaq language is part of the Algonquian language family, and its ancestral language is Proto-Algonquian. There are a large number of regional names including: Blackfoot Confederacy (Blackfoot, Blood, Peigan, Athapaskan Sarcee); Gros Ventre (or Atsina); Plains Cree, Sioux*, Plains Ojibwa, Siouan Assiniboine (or ‘Stoney’). Ojibwa women are particularly noted for their magnificent beadwork. www.shannonthunderbird.com /tribal_lifestyle.htm   (2593 words)

Search Encyclopedia.com These languages are believed to have evolved from a hypothetical parent tongue, proto-Semitic. Afroasiatic languages -> The Semitic Languages The Semitic languages are believed to have evolved from a hypothetical parent tongue, proto-Semitic. New York -> History The Algonquians and the Iroquois Before Europeans began to arrive in the 16th cent., New York was inhabited mainly by Algonquian- and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans. www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=New+Kypchak+language   (591 words)

Cree language -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article [Categories: Algonquian languages, Languages of Canada, Native American languages of the Plains, Native American languages of the Subarctic] However, the most transparent phonological variation between different Cree dialects is in the evolution of the proto-Algonquian retroflex /l/ in the modern dialects. Cree is one of the seven official languages of the (A territory in northwestern Canada) Northwest Territories, but is only spoken by a small number of people there in the area around the town of (A town in western Arkansas on the Arkansas River at the Oklahoma border) Fort Smith. www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/C/Cr/Cree_language.htm   (591 words)

Paul Proulx's Storefront - Lulu.com Pseudo proto terms are so called because they're likely based on loans postdating the proto language in whose phonology they're written. Most of the Proto Central Algonquian or Proto Lake ones are found in John Hewson's Computer-Generated Dictionary of Proto Algonquian (Hewson 1993). My research suggests that in simple societies whose politics are all kin based, the kinship terminology serves as an oral constitution, amendments to which involve new terms with pertinent etymologies. www.lulu.com /Algic   (3873 words)

The Loup A/R B Dialect of the Algonquian Y Language Algonquian and many Southeastern (Gulf) languages have a comon protolanguage and split 5000-6000 years ago. Algonquians were a single speech community 4000-4300 years which linguists call proto-Algonquian. The eastern Algonquian languages have diverged from its origen for about 2000 years. www.geocities.com /TimesSquare/3199/natick.html   (3873 words)

Algonquin language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Algonquin is an Algonquian language, of the Algic family of languages, and is descended from Proto-Algonquian. Ojibwe and its similar languages are frequently referred to as a "Central Algonquian" language; however, Central Algonquian is an areal grouping rather than a genetic one. Algonquin (or Algonkin) is an Algonquian language closely related to Ojibwe, although many consider it to be instead a particularly divergent dialect of Ojibwe. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Algonquin_language   (305 words)

Encyclopedia of North American Indians - - Algonquian Languages Techniques of historical linguistics suggest that the parent language of the Algonquian linguistic family, known as Proto-Algonquian, came to be spoken between three thousand and twenty-five hundred years ago. Algonquian languages, like English, also mark number (singular and plural) and person (first, second, and third), although Algonquian languages make an additional distinction between the first person plural in which the hearer or addressee is included (first person plural inclusive) and the one in which the hearer is not included (first person plural exclusive). Algonquian languages such as Cree and Ojibwa still serve the needs of large communities of speakers, and many of the surviving languages such as Maliseet-Passamaquoddy are now the subject of revitalization programs designed to bring the languages back into use among younger speakers. college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_001400_algonquianla.htm   (790 words)

comparison.BLACKFOOT.11_phonology.htm Blackfoot (Algonquian) shared early developments with languages which would also be derived from the Proto-Language: Palatalization was lost everywhere as also was velarization if it ever existed in the Blackfoot stage of the language; in many PL-derived languages, in Blackfoot (as in Altaic, (Sino-)Tibetan, and Uralic) they presumably developed into n/*n[h] (we have no sure examples); Blackfoot has no l; www.mega.nu /protolanguage/comparison.BLACKFOOT.11_phonology.htm   (412 words)

Unit 12 - The Native Languages of North America - Linguists think that the Algonquian (Algic) languages originated from an ancestral language called Proto-Algonquian that was spoken between 3,000-2,000 years ago in the area between Georgian Bay and Lake Ontario... -Lakota(Lakhota) is one of the four dialects of the Dakota(Dakhota) branch of the Siouan language family. - The Na-Dené (also called Athabascan or Athapascan) language family includes 47 distantly related languages that are spoken over a large area spanning from northwestern Canada and Alaska south to the Rio Grande... www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/october   (305 words)

Paul Proulx's Storefront - Lulu.com Most of the Proto Central Algonquian or Proto Lake ones are found in John Hewson's Computer-Generated Dictionary of Proto Algonquian (Hewson 1993). In a bilingual dictionary or word list, on the other hand, one only learns to equate foreign words with words in one's own language that come close in meaning, at least part of the time. I approach this mainly through the study of reconstructed prehistoric languages, and what they suggest about the social organization of prehistoric societies, in the light of modern social anthropology. www.lulu.com /Algic   (3873 words)

Anthropological Linguistics Vol. 39, no. 1 This language, variously known by local designations (e.g., Naugatuck, Quiripi, and Unquachog), exhibits the typical characteristics of southern New England Algonquian languages, including the Eastern Algonquian intrusive nasal (i.e., a nasal vowel reflex of Proto-Algonquian An investigation of the processes involved in this phenomenon demonstrates that speakers have recourse to metapragmatic projection of the nonreferential function (Silverstein 1976) of second person pronouns from first language to second language in ideologically rationalizing and enacting their honorific/nonhonorific option. Resurrecting Wampano (Quiripi) from the Dead: Phonological Preliminaries www.indiana.edu /~anthling/v39-1.html   (644 words)

Algonquian languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The proto-language from which all of the languages of the family descend, Proto-Algonquian, was spoken at least 3,000 years ago, though there is still no scholarly consensus as to where this language was spoken. The Algonquian (also Algonkian) languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic language family (the two Algic languages that are not Algonquian are Wiyot and Yurok of northwestern California). Algonquian is sometimes said to have included the extinct Beothuk language of Newfoundland, although evidence is scarce and poorly recorded, and the claim is mainly based on geographic proximity. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Algonquian   (1100 words)

languagehat.com: ESKIMO. among Algonquian speakers and in the anthropological and general literature [...] that Eskimo means 'raw-meat eaters', this explanation fits only the cited Ojibwa forms (containing Proto-Algonquian *ashk- 'raw' and *po- 'eat') and cannot be correct for the presumed Montagnais source of the word Eskimo itself. PS: The 'Nemets' word in the old Russian language used to mean 'one who can't speak the proper language' and has the same root with the modern Russian word 'mute'. However, there is no agreement on which Algonkian Indian language the word came from or what it originally meant. www.languagehat.com /archives/002071.php   (2656 words)

Leonard Bloomfield - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bloomfield also began the genetic examination of the Algonquian language family with his reconstruction of Proto-Algonquian; his seminal paper on the family remains a cornerstone of Algonquian historical linguistics today. He is especially known for his book Language (1933), describing the state of the art of linguistics at its time. Bloomfield was the main founder of the Linguistic Society of America. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Leonard_Bloomfield   (406 words)

Linguistic Course Description A map utilized by historical linguists to reconstruct the original home of the Proto-Algonquian language group. Berlin-Kay’s color term research can also be used to illustrate the possibility of a universal human language that is pre-wired genetically. This will require an increased emphasis on language planning, on formalized bilingual identities, and on intercultural communication. socsci.mccneb.edu /linguistics   (406 words)

Aboriginal Peoples: Beothuk Language: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage It is presumed that all Algonkian languages are derived from a single precursor, the (hypothetical) Proto-Algonkian that would have been spoken about three thousand years ago in the area between Georgian Bay and Lake Ontario. While Beothuk is considered to be part of the greater Algonkian language family, the linguistic evidence is not sufficient to decide whether it belongs to the Central or Eastern Algonquian type. Ives Goddard, specialist in Algonkian languages at the Smithsonian Institution, is skeptical and believes that if Beothuk is related to Algonkian it can only be on a very deep time level, that is, it would have split off from the (hypothetical) Algonkian parent language at least two-and-a-half to three thousand years ago. www.heritage.nf.ca /aboriginal/beo_language.html   (406 words)

The Lenape or Delaware Indians Their language was in the Algonquian language family and had two main dialects, identified by Kraft (1986) as Proto-Munsee in the upper Delaware River (including North Jersey) and Proto-Unami in the lower Delaware River (including) South Jersey. The Lenape or Lenni-Lenape (later named Delaware Indians by the Europeans) were, in the 1600s loosely organized bands of neolithic people practicing small-scale agriculture to augment a largely mobile hunter-gatherer society. The Lenape were continually crowded out by European settlers and pressured to move in several stages over a period of about 175 years with the main body arriving in Northeast Oklahoma in the 1860s. westjersey.org /wj_len.htm   (406 words)

The Lenape or Delaware Indians Their language was in the Algonquian language family and had two main dialects, identified by Kraft (1986) as Proto-Munsee in the upper Delaware River (including North Jersey) and Proto-Unami in the lower Delaware River (including) South Jersey. The Lenape or Lenni-Lenape (later named Delaware Indians by the Europeans) were, in the 1600s loosely organized bands of neolithic people practicing small-scale agriculture to augment a largely mobile hunter-gatherer society. Consequently today, from New Jersey to Wisconsin to southwest Oklahoma, there are groups which retain a sense of identity with their ancestors that were in the Delaware Valley in the 1600s and with their cousins in the vast Lenape diaspora. westjersey.org /wj_len.htm   (406 words)

origin9.doc Ruhlen’s primary language was far from Proto-Semitic, and the “evolution” in the title maintains the secular insistence that humans developed language. For example, instead of many hundreds of Native American languages, there are only five major families (Eskimo-Aleut, Athabaskan, Algonquian, Uto-Aztecan and Arawakan) which make up the superfamily called Amerind. Scholars like the late Joseph H. Greenberg (Stanford University) were able to group dozens of languages from Europe to Japan since they all had an M-word for first person, and an N-word for negativity. www.homestead.com /edenics/files/origin9.doc   (1642 words)

LINGUIST List 7.613: Grammatical Gender Algonquian languages all have grammatical gender, but it is a distinction between animate versus inanimate, which pervades all aspects of both noun and verb morphology. In other words, the word for 'woman' found throughout the family would be essentially random if Proto-Algonquian had no word for the concept. Grammatical gender is a surface manifestation of this deep inner mechanism which is at work in all languages. www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de /linguist/issues/7/7-613.html   (1642 words)

Mona Diab Center for Spoken Language Research I will first discuss the evolution of Arapaho verb paradigms in relation to Proto-algonquian, with particular attention to the creation of a fourth paradigm that augments the standard three PA paradigms, and which looks like an irrealis verbal mode. Briefly examining other imperative-like constructions which also use the irrealis, I will suggest that the extension of the Arapaho irrealis verbal paradigm can be specifically linked to the evolution of a unified concept of "irrealis" in Arapaho within the domain of commands, requests and wishes, which centers specifically on judgements of relative agency. I will close by briefly addressing recent claims that irrealis is not a valid cross-linguistic category from the perspective of the evolution of grammar. www.colorado.edu /linguistics/events/LINGCircle/Andrew_Cowell_abstract.html   (1642 words)

JLA - Contents of Volume 3, Number 2, December 1993 To date, reconstructions of Proto-Algonquian descent and residence (mostly bilateral-bilocal) have been based on methods that, though widely accepted, are theoretically flawed (e.g., homotypical reconstructions using fewest transitions). Analysis of ideophones from an extensive data set in KiVunjo-Chaga, a Bantu language, indicates that they cannot be adequately defined solely by phonological, morphological, and syntactic characteristics. Ideophones can be viewed as a subcategory of adverbs, but they are sensitive to semantic and cultural functions. www.aaanet.org /sla/jla/toc/toc3_2.htm   (354 words)

Algonquian (Algic) Language Family Linguists think that the Algonquian (Algic) languages originated from an ancestral language called Proto-Algonquian that was spoken between 3,000-2,000 years ago in the area between Georgian Bay and Lake Ontario. Today, the Algonquian language family includes a group of 27 languages spoken in a wide region stretching through the central part of the North American continent from the Canadian subarctic in the north to the eastern seaboard as far south as North Carolina. Algonquian languages had no writing before they came in contact with European missionaries in the 17th century. www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/october/Algonquian.html   (707 words)

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