Proto-Indo-Iranian language

Proto-Indo-Iranian language - Factbites
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Topic: Proto-Indo-Iranian language

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	Aryan Details, Meaning Aryan Article and Explanation Guide
		One of the meanings of this term in modern English refers to a hypothetical single group of people who spoke the parent language of the Indo-European languages (the people known as Proto-Indo-Europeans).
		At any rate, modern India is divided into two main language families, one Indo-European, its speakers possibly linguistic descendants of invading Aryans, and the other Dravidian, its speakers possibly linguistic descendants of the Harappans.
		aryo- as the name of a people, the "Aryans", is only attested in India and Persia, but the root is well known from other languages in the Indo*-European world, e.g.
	www.e-paranoids.com /a/ar/aryan.html

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Indo-European
		The languages are traditionally separated into a Satem group in the east (Baltic, Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armenian) and a Centum group in the west (Greek, Italic, Celtic, Germanic), according to their different treatment of PIE velar sounds.
		The Indo-European language family is attested in twelve branches, some of them extinct, with a historical distribution over most of Europe, Anatolia, Iran, India and parts of Central Asia (East Turkistan).
		The language group was briefly referred to as "Indo-Germanic", until it became apparent that the group included most of the other languages of Europe, as well.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Indo-European (713 words)

	Aryan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Aryan (Proto-Indo-Iranian) language evolved into the family of Indo-Iranian languages, of which the oldest known members are Avestan, Vedic, and another Indo-Aryan language known only from loanwords found in the Mitanni language, the latter which was itself a dialect of Hurrian.
		See also Arya, Indo-Aryans, Indo-Aryan languages, Aryan Invasion Theory.
		By the first half of the 2nd millennium BC Aryans had arrived on the Iranian plateau and the Indian subcontinent(even though modern research in India seems to contradict the Aryan Invasion Theory).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aryan (713 words)

	Indo-European Languages
		It is thought that a "Proto-Indo-European" language was spoken up until about 3000 BCE across Europe and parts of Southeast Asia, when local languages started to evolve from it creating the modern Indo-European family.
		Much of the genetic theory of language derives from studies of the Indo-European family which began in the 16th century but culminated in 19th century when comparisons were made between European languages and Sanscrit.
		The Iranian languages are spoken in an area centered on modern Afghanistan and Iran.
	www.scnt01426.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /Articles/Language/Indo-European.htm (394 words)

	Inferring Prehistory from Language Genealogy
		In the Balkano-Danubian hypothesis, the languages of the southern European farmers (possibly including Etruscan) have become extinct and the language of farmers in the Balkans and Danube basin was proto-Indo-European.
		The only pre-Indo-European language to survive in Europe is Basque, supposed to descend from mesolithic (Solutrean) people.
		The expansion of the I-E language family involved cultural transfers or migrations along the Black Sea to the east of the Mountains and, to a lesser extent, across the Plains to the north of the Mountains.
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~jamesdow/Tech/lmclade.htm (394 words)

	February - The Indo-European language family: languages with no relatives (Albanian, Armenian, Greek), and the Indo-Iranian branch
		The parent language, Proto- Indo-European is thought to have been spoken before 3,000 B.C. It then split into different branches that, in turn, split into different languages in the subsequent millennia..….
		- Indo-Iranian languages constitute the easternmost branch of the Indo-European language family...
		It is thought to have derived from languages spoken in southeastern Europe two thousand years ago.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/february (394 words)

	Indo-European Proto-Dialects: an article by Cyril Babaev
		This theory supports the idea that all European languages are descendants of the "Proto-European" language, which in its turn used to be on of the two major dialects of Proto-Indo-European.
		Such communities (or language alliances?) as Indo-Iranian, Balto-Slavic and Illyro-Venetic, are well known even according to historical documents.
		The method of studying which groups and separate languages were more closely connected with each other is easy: comparative linguistics allows to study the similarities in phonetics and morphology, which make languages more alike each other or vice versa far from each other in development.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /archive/article13.html (2180 words)

	PROTO INDO-EUROPEAN
		That complexity was nonetheless accomplished later, in both humble and renown languages, all derived from Proto Indo-European.
		the IE "-ois" may occur in the instrumental case in one language* and in the locative case in other ones, or "-ō" / (apophonically) "-ē " occurs as "-āt" in the Indo-Iranian* ablative and as "-it" in the Hittite instrumental.
		Oddly, the "Epoch" of Proto Indo-European in Southern Russia was comparatively short, and characterized by dissolution of tribal groups dispersing and eventually migrating to distant lands.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/6623/pie.htm (674 words)

	1Up Science > Links Directory >Social Sciences:Language and Linguistics:Natural Languages:Indo-European:Indo-Iranian:Iranian
		Sogdian is a Western branch member of the Indo-Iranian subgroup of the Indo-European language family formerly spoken in ancient Sogdiana along the upper Zeravshan river.
		Sogdian's grammar preserved a number of features from ancient inflected Proto-Indo-European language including the specific trait of losing or preserving the ending depending on the length of stem vowels.
		An Iranian language spoken in Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and - to a lesser extent, in neighboring Central Asian countries.
	www.1upscience.com /links/desc-3369.html (674 words)

	Indo-European Proto-Dialects: an article by Cyril Babaev
		This theory supports the idea that all European languages are descendants of the "Proto-European" language, which in its turn used to be on of the two major dialects of Proto-Indo-European.
		With the increasing number of people - speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language - the area of the language was gradually and constantly widening, and as people were living in isolated tribes and had little contact with each other, dialectal differences appeared.
		Such communities (or language alliances?) as Indo-Iranian, Balto-Slavic and Illyro-Venetic, are well known even according to historical documents.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /archive/article13.html (2180 words)

	(23) The deliberate speculation of the term Proto-Indo-European language; and Sanskrit morphology.
		But still, these 18th and 19th century linguists created a term ‘Proto-Indo-European’ for the original parent language which was assumed to be spoken about 5,000 years ago by the nomads who assumingly roamed around near the southeast European plains.
		They further assumed that from the speech of those earlier nomads came the languages of the world like Greek, Latin, Slavic, Russian, Germanic and Indo-Iranian etc., whereas the Sanskrit language came from the Indo-Iranian group.
		(This will be elaborated in articles 32, 33) Now we should know that apart from the Sanskrit language there is no such thing as Proto-Indo-European language as it is self-evident from the findings of Sanskrit apbhransh words in all the existing Asian and European languages.
	encyclopediaofauthentichinduism.org /articles/23_the_speculation_of.htm (809 words)

	INDO-HITTITE LANGUAGES
		Indo-Hittite - a language family in which Proto-Anatolian and Proto-Indo-European are considered coordinate.
		9) My commentary on the article "The Early History of Indo-European Languages" by Thomas V. Gamkrelidze and V. IVANOV in Scientific American.
		a member of an ancient people who established a powerful empire in Asia Minor and Syria, dominant from about 1900 to 1200 B.C. an extinct language of the Anatolian branch of Indo-European; preserved in cuneiform inscriptions of the second millennium B.C. LEGEND for list of Indo-Hittite languages below:
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Parthenon/1064/hittite.htm (809 words)

	The Aryan-American’s chagrined embarrassment: The sentimental fallacy and criminal inconsistencies of the extreme Right Wing
		The Aryan (Indo-Iranian) proto-language evolved into the family of Indo-Iranian languages and European languages, of which the oldest known members are Sanskrit and Avestan (and the fragmentary Mitanni language).
		They were content with their sway over the Mediterranean and Asia, and viewed the North European as hopeless, just as North Europeans today view the third world and the contested Middle East as hopeless.
		North Europeans in fact have possessed an ancestral obsession with the East.
	www.etalkinghead.com /archives/the-aryanamericans-chagrined-embarrassment-the-sentimental-fallacy-and-criminal-inconsistencies-of-the-extreme-right-wing-2005-04-21.html (1225 words)

	New Page 1
		Indo-Aryan, including Sanskrit, attested from the 2nd millennium BC Iranian languages, attested from roughy 1000 BC, including Avestan and Persian.
		There were no doubt other Indo-European languages which are now lost without a trace.
		Anatolian languages — earliest attested branch, from the 18th century BC; extinct, most notable was the language of the Hittites.
	koz.vianet.ca /boshist6.htm (1662 words)

	Indo-European - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The languages are traditionally separated into a Satem group in the east (Baltic, Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armenian) and a Centum group in the west (Greek, Italic, Celtic, Germanic), according to their different treatment of PIE velar sounds.
		India has the largest single Indo-European speaking population on the planet where 75% of the non-Dravidian population (some 700 million people) speak many different Indo-European languages and dialects, which are descendents of a language called Proto-Indo-Aryan by linguists.
		In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, great progress was made due to the discovery of more language material belonging to the Indo-European family, and by advances in comparative linguistics, by scholars such as Ferdinand de Saussure.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indo-European (801 words)

	Proto-Greek_language LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		Close similarities of Ancient Greek and Vedic Sanskrit suggest that either both Proto-Greek and Proto-Indo-Iranian were still quite similar to late Proto-Indo-European, which would place the latter somewhere in the 4th millennium BC, or a post-PIE Graeco-Aryan proto-language.
		The Proto-Greek language is the common ancestor of the Greek dialects, including the Mycenean language, the classical Greek dialects Attic-Ionic, Aeolic, Doric and North-Western Greek, and ultimately the Koine and Modern Greek.
		Greek is a Centum language, which would place a Graeco-Aryan protolanguage before Satemization, making it identical to late PIE.
	language.school-explorer.com /info/Proto-Greek_language (838 words)

	Abstracts of Papers
		The Ancient Proto-Iranian culture is very similar to Proto Indo-Aryan culture and this should be because both are derived from the same common Indo-Iranian stock.
		Mobilize Dravidian-speakers against speakers of IE languages, especially in the course of the Dravidian separatist movement which was at its strongest in the 1950s, and in the sabotage of the implementation of the constitutional provision that Hindi replace English as official by 1965;
		However, seldom is it recognized these same ideas and interpretations significantly reflect eighteenth and nineteenth century European perceptions of history, language and ethnicity.
	www.hindunet.org /hindu_history/ancient/indus/abstracts.html (11259 words)

	Indo-European Proto-Dialects. - www.ezboard.com
		This theory supports the idea that all European languages are descendants of the "Proto-European" language, which in its turn used to be on of the two major dialects of Proto-Indo-European.
		Such communities (or language alliances?) as Indo-Iranian, Balto-Slavic and Illyro-Venetic, are well known even according to historical documents.
		The method of studying which groups and separate languages were more closely connected with each other is easy: comparative linguistics allows to study the similarities in phonetics and morphology, which make languages more alike each other or vice versa far from each other in development.
	p083.ezboard.com /fbalkansfrm53.showMessage?topicID=50.topic (11259 words)

	Numbers, numerals and count in Indo-European: an article by Cyril Babaev
		The stem oi- evidently meant "single", "the only", but could rarely exist just as it was, it usually added a suffix: thus, oi-k-os existed in Indo-Iranian (Sanskrit eka, Kurdish yak), oi-n-os was developed in most European languages (like Greek en, Latin unus), and some languages had the form derived from oi-w-os (for instance, Avestan aeva).
		This was the matter of a dialect which existed within the Proto-Indo-European language community, but the stem was the same.
		Many features of the language were connected with the religion or mythology, with the understanding of the world which existed at the time.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /archive/article12.html (2216 words)

	Proto-Slavic language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		No Proto-Slavic writings have been found, so the language has been reconstructed from a comparison of all the attested Slavic languages and of other Indo-European languages.
		It is generally acknowledged that of the various languages which left their mark on the early lexical stock, Germanic occupies a pivotal position, and many early Germanic loanwords into Proto-Slavic are known.
		According to most sources, the earliest traceable lexical or semantic borrowings were loans from the Northeastern Iranian languages spoken by the Scythian, Alanian, and Sarmatian tribes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Proto-Slavic (1560 words)

	Indo-European - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The languages are traditionally separated into a Satem group in the east (Baltic, Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armenian) and a Centum group in the west (Greek, Italic, Celtic, Germanic), according to their different treatment of PIE velar sounds.
		India has the largest single Indo-European speaking population on the planet where 75% of the non-Dravidian population (some 700 million people) speak many different Indo-European languages and dialects, which are descendents of a language called Proto-Indo-Aryan by linguists.
		The Indo-European language family is attested in twelve branches, some of them extinct, with a historical distribution over most of Europe, North India,Anatolia, Iran, and parts of Central Asia (East Turkistan).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indo-European (755 words)

	Exploratorium Magazine: Language: page3
		The Indo-European family has, in fact, thirteen branches; in addition to Romance, Germanic, and Slavic, there are also Baltic, Celtic, Iranian, Indic, Tocharian, Anatolian, and three single languages that are by themselves separate branches of the family: Armenian, Greek, and Albanian.
		In other words, a language that existed long before Latin, Proto-Germanic, or Proto-Slavic first differentiated into these three languages and then they, in turn, diversified into the modern languages of each family.
		In fact, similarities among language families such as Romance, Germanic, and Slavic have the same meaning as similarities among languages in any one family — they imply that these three families are branches of an even more ancient family.
	www.exploratorium.edu /exploring/language/language_article3.html (454 words)

	Structural Variability of Indo-European Morphology
		As we can see, numerous historical languages documentally state the period of simplification of the flectiveness, while the period of the formation of the new inflections is hard to confirm today by the linguistic data other than the material of the Indo-Iranian dialects.
		The Early Proto-Indo-European language moving from the ergative stage to the nominative structure, there was in fact the only opposition between nominative and accusative, cases of the subject and the direct object.
		Indo-European languages of Europe also demonstrate the collapse of their flectiveness, transforming their morphology to the analytical type, for example, English, French, Dutch.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /archive/sinus.html (454 words)

	February - The Indo-European language family: languages with no relatives (Albanian, Armenian, Greek), and the Indo-Iranian branch
		The parent language, Proto- Indo-European is thought to have been spoken before 3,000 B.C. It then split into different branches that, in turn, split into different languages in the subsequent millennia..….
		- Indo-Iranian languages constitute the easternmost branch of the Indo-European language family...
		It is thought to have derived from languages spoken in southeastern Europe two thousand years ago.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/february (471 words)

	Laki (language) Definition / Laki (language) Research
		Indo-Iranian languages originated around modern Afghanistan, and split into the Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Dardic, and Nuristani language groups as the speakers of Proto-Indo-Iranian moved west, east, and south....
		Laki is an Iranian language The Iranian languages are a part of the Indo European language family.
		The Iranian language group is part of the larger Indo-Iranian language subfamily and accounts for some of the oldest-recorded Indo-European languages.
	www.elresearch.com /Laki_(language) (471 words)

	Iranians
		The Indo-Iranian languages originated around modern-day Afghanistan, and split into the Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Dardic, and Nuristani language groups as the speakers of Proto-Indo-Iranian moved west, east, and south.
		The Iranian language group is part of a larger Indo-Iranian language subfamily and accounts for some of the oldest-recorded Indo-European languages.
		Iranian Languages after the Arab Conquest of Persia
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/105/iranians.html (969 words)

	Encyclopedia: Indo-Iranian languages
		The Proto-Indo-Europeans are the hypothetical speakers of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European language, a prehistoric people of the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age.
		The Tat language is an Indo-Iranian language spoken by the Tat ethnic group.
		Balochi, a north-western Iranian language, is the principal language of Balochistan.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Indo_Iranian-languages (1526 words)

	Serebella: Article - Indo-Iranian languages
		Indo-Iranian Languages Scholarly overview of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.
		Indo-Iranian languages are the eastern-most group of the living Indo-European languages.
		Kurdica Information article by Siamak Rezaei Durroei, Kurdish language and Indo-Iranian group of Indo-European language family.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Indo-Iranian_languages.html (1526 words)

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Topic: Proto-Indo-Iranian language

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