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Topic: Protocol (treaty)

	Protocol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Protocol is the etiquette of diplomacy and affairs of state.
		In international law and international relations, a protocol is a treaty or international agreement that supplements a previous treaty or international agreement.
		Protocol can also mean any logbook or other artifact (forged or authentic) of a political meeting between persons from different nations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Protocol (265 words)

	Kyoto Protocol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The treaty was negotiated in Kyoto, Japan in December 1997, opened for signature on March 16, 1998, and closed on March 15, 1999.
		The Kyoto Protocol was adopted at the third session of the Conference of Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan.
		Some argue that the protocol does not go far enough to curb greenhouse emissions (Niue, The Cook Islands, and Nauru added notes to this effect when signing the protocol [24]), and the standards it sets would be ineffective at curbing or slowing climate change.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kyoto_Protocol (3568 words)

	United Nations Treaty Collection - Treaty Reference Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Treaties that are negotiated within an international organization will usually be adopted by a resolution of a representative organ of the organization whose membership more or less corresponds to the potential participation in the treaty in question.
		Unless the treaty provides otherwise, the deposit of the instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession establishes the consent of a state to be bound by the treaty.
		In the case of bilateral treaties, ratification is usually accomplished by exchanging the requisite instruments, while in the case of multilateral treaties the usual procedure is for the depositary to collect the ratifications of all states, keeping all parties informed of the situation.
	untreaty.un.org /English/guide.asp (5360 words)

	Montreal Protocol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer
		The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer is a landmark international agreement designed to protect the stratospheric ozone layer.
		The treaty was originally signed in 1987 and substantially amended in 1990 and 1992.
	www.ciesin.org /TG/PI/POLICY/montpro.html (252 words)

	PROTOCOL ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TO THE ANTARCTIC TREATY (1991)
		The Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings shall draw the attention of any State which is not a Party to this Protocol to any activity undertaken by that State, its agencies, instrumentalities, natural or juridical persons, ships, aircraft or other means of transport which affects the implementation of the objectives and principles of this Protocol.
		This Protocol, done in the English, French, Russian and Spanish languages, each version being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the United States of America, which shall transmit duly certified copies thereof to all Contracting Parties to the Antarctic Treaty.
		Wastes removed from the Antarctic Treaty area shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be returned to the country from which the activities generating the waste were organized or to any other country in which arrangements have been made for the disposal of such wastes in accordance with relevant international agreements.
	sedac.ciesin.org /entri/texts/antarctic.treaty.protocol.1991.html (6651 words)

	KYOTO PROTOCOL
		Subsequent ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be held every year and in conjunction with ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties, unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.
		Amendments to this Protocol shall be adopted at an ordinary session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.
		Annexes to this Protocol and amendments to annexes to this Protocol shall be adopted at an ordinary session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.
	unfccc.int /resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.html (5366 words)

	Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Treaty on Trade in Biotech Organisms to Become Law ENS 13jun03
		The protocol is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), a wider international treaty that protects the variety of life on Earth, including the genetic differences between species and within each species.
		The Biosafety Protocol deals primarily with GMOs that are to be intentionally introduced into the environment, such as seeds, trees or fish, and with genetically modified farm commodities, such as corn and grain used for food, animal feed or processing.
		The protocol stands in contradiction to policies held by some countries, such as the United States, which hold that GMOs are not different from the conventional plants and animals from which they are derived.
	www.mindfully.org /GE/2003/Cartagena-Protocol-Biosafety13jun03.htm (952 words)

	Kyoto Protocol - Amendment to International Treaty on Global Warming
		Countries which ratify this protocol will commit to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which are linked to global warming.
		UN and European backers of the Kyoto Protocol who had hoped Russia would commit to ratification were disappointed in September 2003 when at a Moscow conference Putin indicated his reluctance to sign.
		Even some defenders of the Kyoto Protocol agree that the impact of it is small, but they view it as a first step, with more political than practical importance, for future reductions, perhaps of up to 70%.
	www.japan-101.com /government/kyoto_protocol.htm (2401 words)

	SICE - Protocol Ammending CARICOM Treaty
		"Treaty" means the Treaty Establishing the Caribbean Community signed at Chaguaramas on the 4th day of July 1973, and includes any amendments thereto which take effect either provisionally or definitively (hereinafter referred to as the "Treaty").
		In this Protocol a reference to Protocol I is a reference to the Protocol amending the Treaty and signed at Antigua and Barbuda on 19 February, 1997.
		In this Protocol a reference to Protocol II is a reference to the Protocol Amending the Treaty to provide for the Rights of Establishment, Provision of Services and Movement of Capital.
	www.sice.oas.org /trade/ccme/protoc7a.asp (1747 words)

	CFE Treaty: Article-by-Article Analysis of the Protocol on Existing Types of Conventional Armaments and Equipment
		Put another way, the Protocol "fleshes out" the definitions set forth in Article II by clarifying which particular armaments and equipment within the area of application are captured by those definitions and thus are subject to the Treaty.
		Section III of the Protocol was provisionally put into effect in order to ensure that all States Parties complied with the procedures for providing photographs and technical data for the existing types listed in Sections I and II at Treaty signature and anytime thereafter prior to entry into force of the Treaty.
		Section IV of the Protocol was provisionally put into effect in order to ensure that all States Parties complied, between the Treaty's signature and its entry into force, with the procedures in paragraphs 3 and 4 for updating the lists of existing types and providing notification of such updates to all States Parties.
	www.defenselink.mil /acq/acic/treaties/cfe/artbyart/analysis_poet.htm (4559 words)

	Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany , and Protocol [Treaty of Versailles] ...
		In the case of boundaries which are defined by a waterway, the terms "course" and "channel" used in the present Treaty signify: in the case of non-navigable rivers, the median line of the waterway or of its principal arm, and, in the case of navigable rivers, the median line of the principal channel of navigation.
		For the purposes of the obligation assumed by Germany in Part VIII (Reparation) of the present Treaty to give compensation for damages caused to the civil populations of the Allied and Associated countries in the form of fines, the inhabitants of the territories referred to in Article 51 shall be assimilated to the above-mentioned populations.
		Poland accepts and agrees to embody in a Treaty with the Principal Allied and Associated Powers such provisions as may be deemed necessary by the said Powers to protect the interests of inhabitants of Poland who differ from the majority of the population in race, language or religion.
	www.austlii.edu.au /au/other/dfat/treaties/19200001.html (16819 words)

	[No title]
		Article 2: "(1) Persons shall be delivered up according to the provisions of this Treaty for any of the offenses listed in the Schedule annexed to this Treaty, provided these offenses are punishable by the laws of both Contracting Parties by a term of imprisonment exceeding one year.
		A protocol signed at Ottawa on January 11, 1988 amended the 1971 extradition treaty between the U.S. and Canada by replacing the scheduled list of specific crimes with a "dual criminality" clause.
		Protocol Amending the Extradition Treaty with Canada, Message from the President of the United States.
	www.ojp.usdoj.gov /bjs/pub/ascii/wfbcjcan.txt (9993 words)

	CNN - Text of the Kyoto Protocol - 1997
		The Parties included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy whose base year or period was established pursuant to decision 9/CP.2 of the Conference of the Parties at its second session, shall use that base year or period for the implementation of their commitments under this Article.
		Commitments for subsequent periods for Parties included in Annex I shall be established in amendments to Annex B to this Protocol, which shall be adopted in accordance with the provisions of 20, paragraph 7.
		In the event of failure by the Parties to such an agreement to achieve their total combined level of emission reductions, each Party to such an agreement shall be responsible for its own level of emissions set out in the agreement.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/1997/global.warming/stories/treaty (1930 words)

	Committee for Environmental Protection - Protocol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Consistent with the objectives of this Protocol for the comprehensive protection of the Antarctic environment and dependent and associated ecosystems, the Parties undertake to elaborate rules and procedures relating to liability for damage arising from activities taking place in the Antarctic Treaty area and covered by this Protocol.
		If a dispute arises concerning the interpretation or application of this Protocol, the parties to the dispute shall, at the request of any one of them, consult among themselves as soon as possible with a view to having the dispute resolved by negotiation, inquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement or other.
		This Protocol shall be open for signature at Madrid on the 4th of October 1991 and thereafter at Washington until the 3rd of October 1992 by any State which is a Contracting Party to the Antarctic Treaty.
	www.cep.aq /?casid=5074 (3522 words)

	NRDC: Bush Administration Errs on Kyoto Global Warming Agreement
		In renouncing the protocol, the president and members of his administration have used a number of seriously flawed arguments.
		The Kyoto Protocol was negotiated and signed in accordance with the principles of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the 1992 treaty signed by George W. Bush's father and ratified by the Senate.
		The Kyoto agreement is consistent with the 1992 treaty principle that developed countries should provide leadership in addressing global warming.
	www.nrdc.org /globalWarming/akyotoqa.asp (1001 words)

	The Viet Nam Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Protocol to the SEATO Treaty, September 8, 1954.
		The Parties to the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty unanimously designate for the purposes of Article IV of the Treaty the States of Cambodia and Laos and the free territory under the jurisdiction of the State of Vietnam.
		This Protocol shall enter into force simultaneously with the coming into force of the Treaty.
	vietnam.vassar.edu /doc4.html (140 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Each State Party undertakes to respect the Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone, hereinafter referred to as the "Treaty", and not to contribute to any act which constitutes a violation of the Treaty or its Protocol by States Parties to them.
		This Protocol shall be open for signature by the People's Republic of China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America.
		This Protocol is of a permanent nature and shall remain in force indefinitely, provided that each State Party shall, in exercising its national sovereignty, have the right to withdraw from this Protocol if it decides that extraordinary events, related to the subject-matter of this Protocol, have jeopardized its supreme national interests.
	www.aseansec.org /POLITICS/POLAGR7B.htm (365 words)

	AllRefer.com - Mongolia - Postwar Developments \| Mongolian Information Resource
		Although the provisions remained essentially the same, what had been a protocol treaty became a formal treaty to signify that, because China had relinquished claims of suzerainty, Mongolia was legally competent to handle its own foreign affairs.
		This treaty encouraged Ulaanbaatar's intransigence against Guomindang (Kuomintang in Wade-Giles romanization), or Chinese Nationalist Party, troops in 1947, when violence flared along the ill-defined and disputed Mongolian-Chinese border in the Altai Mountain region.
		In 1966 the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance was renewed for another twenty years; it was extendable for an additional ten.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/mongolia/mongolia159.html (1470 words)

	Montreal Protocol < Treaty Section < Secretariat < Region < : news feed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The new request, filed with United Nations treaty administrators last weekend, would add 1.1 million pounds to the 2005 request, to be used by producers of cut flowers, processed meats and tobacco seedlings.
		Parties to the pact, the Montreal Protocol, are to meet this month in Montreal to consider requests by the United States and other countries.
		Administration officials defended the new requests, saying that they were justified under the treaty's clause allowing continuing "critical uses" of the chemical and that the United States remained a leader in curbing the use of ozone-destroying chemicals.
	tinyurl.com /548tm (1153 words)

	Communist Protocol Treaty, A.K.A. Kyoto Protocol Treaty will destroy America and Your Life: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		What it doesn't tell you is that roughly 500 scientists from around the world expressing their doubts and begging the delegates not to bind the world to any dire treaties based on global warming.
		The Kyoto Protocol is a legally binding international treaty through which industrial nations agree to cut back their energy emissions to 7 percent below 1990 levels.
		The truth, of course, is that the Kyoto Treaty is for the redistribution of wealth.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/fr/1305344/posts (1632 words)

	United States - Pending Ratification of Madrid Protocol Treaty and Passage of Madrid Protocol Implementation Act
		The U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee reported favorably on the resolution for advice and consent of the Madrid Protocol in November 2001, and the report is currently awaiting a floor vote in the Senate.
		Once the Protocol is in effect, a U.S. trademark applicant will be able to file a single application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and have that application serve as a basis for an International registration which may be extended for the same goods/services to other member states designated by the applicant.
		The Protocol will also be useful to foreign companies and individuals who wish to register their marks in the United States.
	www.ladas.com /BULLETINS/2002/0502Bulletin/0502Bulletin26.html (227 words)

	PRESS RELEASE Great Day for Bio Fuels! Russia Ratifies Kyoto Protocol Treaty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Russia was the last to sign, giving the treaty its required 55% of the nations that contribute to global warming gases.
		The Wall Street Journal on October 22, 2004, in an article, also stated, "The treaty is meant to slow the rapidly accelerating release into the atmosphere of so-called greenhouse gases, chiefly carbon dioxide.
		These past few weeks have been great news for the planet Earth, the Kyoto Treaty was ratified and President Bush signed HR 4520 in law, which provides both biodiesel and ethanol an excise tax refund.
	www.marketwire.com /mw/release_html_b1?release_id=75900 (433 words)

	Biosafety Protocol treaty: ASA unhappy with trade restrictions
		“Although the treaty underlying the Biosafety Protocol has a noble goal of protecting the world's biodiversity, the European Union and anti-biotech activists hijacked the process to serve their own political ends of further restricting trade in biotech products,” says association president Ron Heck, a soybean producer from Perry, Iowa.
		To minimize U.S. soybean trade disruption arising from implementation of the bio-safety protocol, the soybean group says it will encourage all soybean growers to make several photocopies of each of their seed receipts as they procure their 2004 soybean seed.
		The Biosafety Protocol itself does not specifically require countries to label biotech crops or to place labels on products containing biotech ingredients, but requires shipping documentation to accompany bulk commodities that may include crops derived through biotechnology.
	deltafarmpress.com /mag/farming_biosafety_protocol_treaty (607 words)

	United States and The Netherlands Sign Protocol to Income Tax Treaty
		As a result, more persons are allowed access to the income tax treaty, the administrative burden for persons that claim treaty benefits is substantially relieved, and the provisions are more effective in denying treaty benefits to those not entitled to them.
		A new provision will be included in the treaty on the basis of which employees who are temporarily employed in one of the states can continue their pension schemes in the other state without any adverse tax consequences.
		Combined with the Dutch participation exemption, under which all dividends and capital gains arising from a qualifying shareholding are tax-exempt, The Netherlands’ comprehensive tax treaty network and its membership of the European Union, the Protocol enhances the appeal of The Netherlands as a gateway to Europe and the rest of the world for U.S. investors.
	www.gtlaw.com /pub/alerts/2004/tax_03.asp (789 words)

	The Kyoto Protocol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The Kyoto Protocol is an amendment to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), an international treaty on global warming.
		Countries which ratify this protocol commit to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases, or engage in emissions trading if they maintain or increase emissions of these gases, which have been linked to global warming.
		The formal name of the proposed agreement, which reaffirms sections of the UNFCCC, is the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
	www.mykyoto.ca /?Category=The%20Kyoto%20Protocol (244 words)

	Kyoto - Preface
		The outcome of the meeting was the Kyoto Protocol, in which the developed nations agreed to limit their greenhouse gas emissions, relative to the levels emitted in 1990.
		The United States agreed to reduce emissions from 1990 levels by 7 percent during the period 2008 to 2012.
		Chapter 1 of this report provides background discussion of the Kyoto Protocol and the framework and methodology of the analysis.
	www.eia.doe.gov /oiaf/kyoto/kyotorpt.html (525 words)

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