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	Data Encapsulation
		Data Encapsulation is a process of taking one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) and enveloping it within a set of protocol header and trailer.
		At the data link layer, however, all the information passed down by the network layer (the Layer 3 header and the data) is treated as data.
		The data link layer in computer B then reads the control information contained in the header prepended by the data link layer in computer A. The header and the trailer are then removed, and the remainder of the information unit is passed to the network layer.
	www.networkdictionary.com /networking/de.php (351 words)

	Protocol data unit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Information that is delivered as a unit among peer entities of a network and that may contain control information, address information, or data.
		In layered systems, a unit of data that is specified in a protocol of a given layer and that consists of protocol-control information of the given layer and possibly user data of that layer.
		The units that are transported in a LIN (Local Interconnect Network) diagnostic frame are called PDU (Packet Data Unit).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Protocol_data_unit (157 words)

	RFC 926 - Protocol for providing the connectionless mode network services
		Protocol Control Information required for delivering the data unit to its destination is determined from current state information and from the parameters provided with the N_UNITDATA Request; e.g., source and destination addresses, QOS, etc. User data passed from the Network Service user in the N_UNITDATA Request forms the Data field of the protocol data unit.
		During the composition of the protocol data unit, a Data Unit Identifier is assigned to identify uniquely all segments of the corresponding NS_Userdata.
		During the composition of the protocol data unit, a value of the total length of the PDU is determined by the originator and placed in the Segment Length field of the PDU header.
	www.packetizer.com /rfc/rfc926 (12574 words)

	[No title]
		Protocol Control Information required for delivering the data unit to its destination is determined from current state information and from the parameters provided with the N_UNITDATA Request; e.g., source and destination addresses, QOS, etc. User data passed from the Network Service user in the N_UNITDATA Request forms the Data field of the protocol data unit.
		During the composition of the protocol data unit, a Data Unit Identifier is assigned to identify uniquely all segments of the corresponding NS_Userdata.
		During the composition of the protocol data unit, a value of the total length of the PDU is determined by the originator and placed in the Segment Length field of the PDU header.
	ftp.snt.utwente.nl /pub/docs/rfc/rfc926.txt (12899 words)

	RFC 994 (rfc994) - Final text of DIS 8473, Protocol for Providing the Con
		Although this protocol is designed particularly to be suitable for a SNICP role in the con- text of the internetworking protocol approach to the provision of the Connectionless-mode Network Service, it may also be used to fulfill other roles and may therefore be used in the context of other ap- proaches to subnetwork interconnection.
		The Non-segmenting protocol subset permits simplification of the header where it is known that the source and destination end-systems are connected by subnetworks whose service data unit sizes are greater than or equal to a known bound which is large enough so that segmentation is not required.
		During the composition of the protocol data unit, the total length of the PDU in octets is determined by the originator and placed in the Segment Length field of the PDU header.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc994.html (11216 words)

	RFC 994 - Final text of DIS 8473, Protocol for Providing the Connectionless-mode Network Service
		Although this protocol is designed particularly to be suitable for a SNICP role in the con- text of the internetworking protocol approach to the provision of the Connectionless-mode Network Service, it may also be used to fulfill other roles and may therefore be used in the context of other ap- proaches to subnetwork interconnection.
		The Non-segmenting protocol subset permits simplification of the header where it is known that the source and destination end-systems are connected by subnetworks whose service data unit sizes are greater than or equal to a known bound which is large enough so that segmentation is not required.
		During the composition of the protocol data unit, the total length of the PDU in octets is determined by the originator and placed in the Segment Length field of the PDU header.
	www.packetizer.com /rfc/rfc994 (11386 words)

	Roxen Community: RFC 926 Protocol for Providing the Connectionless-Mode Network Services () (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		This function is responsible for the construction of a protocol data unit according to the rules of protocol given in Section 7.
		During the composition of the PDU, a value of the total length of the PDU is determined by the originator and placed in the Total Length field of the PDU header.
		The address of the originator of the Data Protocol Data Unit is conveyed as both the destination address of the Error Report PDU as well as the source address of the original Data PDU; the latter is contained in the Data field of the Error Report PDU.
	community.roxen.com /developers/idocs/rfc/rfc926.html (10767 words)

	Roxen Community: RFC 994 I S O INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		This function is responsible for the construction of a protocol data unit according to the rules governing the encoding of PDUs given in Clause 7.
		The user data encapsulated within the PDU received are divided such that the Derived PDUs satisfy the size requirements of the user data parameter field of the primitive used to access the underlying ser- vice.
		The PDU Lifetime field is encoded as a binary number representing the remaining lifetime of the PDU, in units of 500 milliseconds.
	community.roxen.com /developers/idocs/rfc/rfc994.html (11759 words)

	Encapsulation of PDUs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		Encapsulation or layering is the addition of Protocol Control Information (PCI) to a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) by a communications protocol.
		The combined PCI and SDU is known as a PDU belonging to that layer.
		When a packet of data is passed by the application process to the layer, the layer processes it.
	www.erg.abdn.ac.uk /users/gorry/course/intro-pages/encapsulation.html (390 words)

	OSI Protocol Stack Description; Open System Interconnection Stack
		Protocol Data Unit [PDU] is called a Segment at this layer.
		The Data Link layer is subdivided into the Media Access Control (MAC) which controls access and encodes data into a valid signaling format [for the physical layer], and the Logical Link Control (LLC), which provides the link to the network [for the Network layer] Protocol Data Unit [PDU] is called a Frame at this layer.
		The Data Link Layer provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the Physical Layer.
	www.interfacebus.com /Design_OSI_Stack.html (723 words)

	RFC 926
		RFC 926 December 1984 During the composition of the PDU, a value of the total length of the PDU is determined by the originator and placed in the Total Length field of the PDU header.
		RFC 926 December 1984 conveyed as both the destination address of the Error Report PDU as well as the source address of the original Data PDU; the latter is contained in the Data field of the Error Report PDU.
		RFC 926 December 1984 7.4.1 Data Unit Identifier The Data Unit Identifier identifies an Initial PDU (and hence, its Derived PDUs) so that a segmented data unit may be correctly reassembled by the destination network-entity.
	www.ictp.trieste.it /~radionet/nuc1996/ref/rfc/rfc926.htm (12522 words)

	Communications Protocols (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		Protocols are normally defined in a layered manner and provide all or part of the services specified by a layer of the OSI reference model.
		Protocols are usually implemented by writing a number of programs (processes) which communicate with one another through queues and by function calls.
		Protocols are generally described using a layered architecture known as the OSI reference model.
	www.erg.abdn.ac.uk /users/gorry/course/intro-pages/protocols.html (482 words)

	The TCP/IP Guide - Data Encapsulation, Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and Service Data Units (SDUs)
		However, when this layer N PDU” is passed down to layer N-1, it becomes the data that the layer N-1 protocol is supposed to service.
		This process is called data encapsulation, because the entire contents of the higher-layer message are encapsulated as the data payload of the message at the lower layer.
		The layer 6 protocol prepends to it a layer 6 header (“L6H”) to create a layer 6 PDU, which is passed to layer 5.
	www.tcpipguide.com /free/t_DataEncapsulationProtocolDataUnitsPDUsandServiceDa.htm (660 words)

	PDU - Plug Distribution Unit, Protocol Data Unit
		PDU is a acronym that can contains many meanings which are listed below.
		There may be many popular meanings for PDU with the most popular definition being that of Plug Distribution Unit, Protocol Data Unit
		PDU is also derived from Protocol Data Unit
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/PDU.asp (208 words)

	Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS)
		In addition, SMDS data units are large enough to encapsulate entire IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.5, and Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) frames.
		Both fields contain identical values and are used to detect a condition in which the last segment of one PDU and the first segment of the next PDU are both lost, which results in the receipt of an invalid Level 3 PDU.
		In a multi-CPE configuration, Level 3 PDUs originating from different CPE devices must have a different message ID. This allows the SMDS network receiving interleaved cells from different Level 3 PDUs to associate each Level 2 cell with the correct Level 3 PDU.
	www.cisco.com /univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/smds.htm (2362 words)

	Internetwork Training - protocol, Protocol Control Information, Protocol Data Unit, proxy, PSN
		The protocol information added by an OSI entity to the service data unit passed down from the layer above, all together forming a Protocol Data Unit (PDU).
		This is OSI terminology for "packet." A PDU is a data object exchanged by protocol machines (entities) within a given layer.
		Proxy systems are used in network management to avoid having to implement full protocol stacks in simple devices, such as modems.
	www.internetworktraining.com /glossary/P-3.html (213 words)

	SNDCF - Protocol Convergence
		Basically, the header of sequential protocol data units of a TCP/IP connection are expected to proceed in the normal predictable manner.
		If the Data Unit Identifier is unchanged or has increased by more than one, or has decreased by one or more, then the Data Unit Identifier change other than +1 mask bit is set to 1, and a signed 8 bit integer is provided in the Data Unit Identifier Delta field.
		The compression algorithm relies on efficiently encoding data prior to transmission such that strings of user data octets are represented by a sequence of codewords in fewer bits.
	www.leapforum.org /published/internetworkMobility/split/node87.html (1775 words)

	ATM adaption layer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		This layer wraps the user-service data units in a header and trailer which contain information used to provide the services required.
		Segmentation and reassembly sublayer: At this layer the convergence sublayer - protocol data unit is segmented int peices which can be placed in ATM cells.
		This field is used to distinguish between data from different connectiond which have been multiplexed onto a single ATM connection.
	ganges.cs.tcd.ie /undergrad/4ba2/atm/ATMadapt.html (1017 words)

	What is Protocol Data Unit? \| Coders2020 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		The data unit in the LLC level is called the protocol data unit (PDU).
		DSAP, SSAP are addresses used by the LLC to identify the protocol stacks on the receiving and sending machines that are generating and using the data.
		The control field specifies whether the PDU frame is a information frame (I - frame) or a supervisory frame (S - frame) or a unnumbered frame (U - frame).
	www.coders2020.com /what-is-protocol-data-unit (226 words)

	Define BPDU - Bridge Protocol Data Unit
		Meaning of BPDU - "Bridge Protocol Data Unit", is a Media Access Control (MAC) bridge management protocol.
		BPDUs are data messages sent across Local Area Networks (LAN) to detect loops in a network topology.
		BPDU uses what is called Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) which is a management protocol that gathers information on other switches in a network.
	www.birds-eye.net /definition/b/bpdu-bridge_protocol_data_unit.shtml (860 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		Protocol herein described is a subnetwork independent coverage protocol.
		Informally known as a packet, the protocol data unit is the unit of data exchanged between protocol entities at a given layer, according to this site managed by an assistant professor at the Department of Computer Science, Boston University.
		Framework is intended to help protocol designers determine what, if any, security labeling should be supported by their protocols.
	www.pearsoncustom.com /allpages/protocoldataunit_bot.html (123 words)

	Zvon - RFC 1220 [Point-to-Point Protocol Extensions for Bridging] - Protocol Data Unit Formats
		LLC data: This is the remainder of the MAC frame.
		This is that portion of the frame which is (or would be were it present) protected by the LAN FCS; for example, the 802.5 Access Control field, and Status Trailer are not meaningful to transmit to another ring, and are omitted.
		The Bridge Network Control Protocol is responsible for configuring, enabling, and disabling the bridges on both ends of the point-to- point link.
	www.zvon.org /tmRFC/RFC1220/Output/chapter6.html (1916 words)

	What is BPDU? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		BPDUs are data messages that are exchanged across the switches within an extended LAN that uses a spanning tree protocol topology.
		BPDU packets contain information on ports, addresses, priorities and costs and ensure that the data ends up where it was intended to go.
		The loops are then removed by shutting down selected bridge interfaces and placing redundant switch ports in a backup, or blocked, state.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/B/BPDU.html (117 words)

	Data Link Layer Processing © AA VERSTRAETE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		The data link is the last layer in the protocol suite that treats the data as a logical data string held in the computer's main memory and processed by the communication's software.
		Peer-to-peer dialogue (dotted line): The sending and receiving data link layers confirm any transmission protocol conventions that may be required to transfer the message to the next network node.
		The data link layer takes posession of the protocol data unit that has been received by the data communications equipment [DCE] operating at the physical layer.
	www.smeal.psu.edu /misweb/datacomm/ID/OSI_RDL.HTM (207 words)

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