
	Where results make sense

Topic: Proton exchange membrane fuel cell

	Proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Proton exchange membrane fuel cells, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), are a type of fuel cell being developed for transport applications as well as for stationary and portable applications.
		A proton exchange membrane fuel cell transforms the chemical energy liberated during the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to electrical energy, as opposed to the direct combustion of hydrogen and oxygen gases to produce thermal energy.
		The PEM fuel cell was invented in the early 1960s by Willard Thomas Grubb and Leonard Niedrach of General Electric [1].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Proton-exchange_fuel_cell (809 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0020142205
		The proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack of claim 1, wherein the fuel flow field comprises an orthogonal flow field in contact with the catalyzed membrane and a parallel flow field in contact with the orthogonal flow field, and the parallel flow field has a greater porosity than the orthogonal flow field.
		The proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack of claim, wherein the edges of each cell unit are sealed by an external sealing layer to form a single assembly of the cell unit.
		An fuel flow barrier sealing layer 18b is formed beside the fuel supply passage 17a and the fuel exhaust passage 17b, at portions adjacent to the air flow field portion 15 to prevent the fuel from entering the air flow field portion 15.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&p=1&S1=20020142205&OS=20020142205&RS=20020142205 (3964 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		On the non- electrolyte side of the anode electrode is a reactant gas chamber for carrying a fuel, and on the nonelectrolyte side of the cathode electrode is a reactant gas chamber for carrying an oxidant.
		PEM fuel cells known to the prior art have utilized closed cell, neoprene rubber foam to accommodate the uneven surface of the side of the fuel cell stack.
		1 and 2, the fuel cell component elements 8 of a PEM fuel cell are depicted stylistically, and, as is known include, for each cell, a membrane, an anode substrate, an anode catalyst, a cathode substrate, a cathode catalyst, an anode flow field plate and a cathode flow field plate.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/35038.000615&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (1743 words)

	Fuel Cell Today - Opening doors to fuel cells commercialisation
		Fuel cells are classified according to the nature of the electrolyte.
		Cell Reaction: CH These cells are expected to operate at around 120°C, which is slightly higher than the standard PEM fuel cell, and give efficiencies of around 40 per cent.
		The water generated in the fuel cell is fed to a solar powered electrolyser where it is separated into its constituent components of hydrogen and oxygen which are then fed back to the fuel cell.
	www.fuelcelltoday.com /FuelCellToday/EducationCentre/EducationCentreExternal/EduCentreDisplay/0,1741,FCInfoTypes,00.html (1932 words)

	DoD Fuel Cell - Fuel Cell Descriptions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Hydrogen from the fuel gas stream is consumed at the anode, yielding electrons to the anode and producing hydrogen ions which enter the electrolyte.
		At the fuel cell stack level, electrical efficiency is determined by the voltage at which the fuel cell is operated.
		When hydrocarbon fuels are to be used or air is to be used as the oxidant, higher temperature fuel cells, the MCFC, the SOFC, and to some extent the PAFC, have an efficiency advantage over the PEFC at the system level.
	www.dodfuelcell.com /proton.html (1325 words)

	Capillary modules for fuel cell technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The efficiency of fuel cells is essentially independent of their size, so that they are ideally suitable for decentralized block heat and power stations, for small instruments and for replacing batteries, for example in mobile phones.
		The proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, in contrast, is particularly suitable as a mini fuel cell, that is to say for "smaller” applications, for example private heating, car battery replacements and supplying small electric/electronic apparatuses.
		The capillary proton exchange membrane fuel cells (C-PEM-FC) permit a more compact structure than planar fuel cells and both the fuel supply and the energy removal may be achieved with considerably lower expenditure.
	www.igb.fhg.de /WWW/GF/GrenzflMem/Membranen/en/GFMM_R14_Brennstoffzell.en.html (376 words)

	Fuel Cell
		Fuel cells are energy conversion devices that continuously transform the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy.
		Fuel cells will continue to generate electricity as long as both fuel and oxidant are available.
		The fuel cell consists of a negative electrode (the anode), a positive electrode (the cathode), and an electrolyte.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/Electrochemistry/doc/fuelcell.html (249 words)

	A Basic Overview of Fuel Cell Technology
		A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a chemical reaction.
		One great appeal of fuel cells is that they generate electricity with very little pollution—much of the hydrogen and oxygen used in generating electricity ultimately combine to form a harmless byproduct, namely water.
		The purpose of a fuel cell is to produce an electrical current that can be directed outside the cell to do work, such as powering an electric motor or illuminating a light bulb or a city.
	americanhistory.si.edu /fuelcells/basics.htm (1380 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Fuel Cells Work"
		The cathode, the positive post of the fuel cell, has channels etched into it that distribute the oxygen to the surface of the catalyst.
		The electrons are conducted through the anode, where they make their way through the external circuit (doing useful work such as turning a motor) and return to the cathode side of the fuel cell.
		PEMFCs operate at a fairly low temperature (about 176 degrees Fahrenheit, 80 degrees Celsius), which means they warm up quickly and don't require expensive containment structures.
	www.gielow.org /Howstuffworks_How_Fuel_Cells_Work.htm (497 words)

	DuPont.com: DuPont Forms Fuel Cell Business (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The formation of DuPont Fuel Cells provides the business platform from which to develop and commercialize technologies from the company's Fluoroproducts, iTechnologies, Engineering Polymers, Corporate Research and Development and DuPont Canada organizations.
		DuPont opened a multi-million-dollar fuel cell technology center in 2000 near its headquarters in Wilmington, Del., that is focusing on materials technology and applications development.
		DuPont is focusing on proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells used in portable, stationary and transportation applications.
	www.dupont.com /corp/news/releases/2001/nr02_08_01.html (551 words)

	Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Test Apparatus
		Fuel cell technology is in its infancy, and NRC scientists are investigating the use of novel materials to improve fuel cell performance.
		The core of the device is the NRC custom-made membrane electrode assembly (in tweezers).
		This is the heart of a fuel cell where chemical reactions take place and electricity is generated.
	www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca /multimedia/picture/environment/nrc-ifci_mem_fuel_cell_2_e.html (109 words)

	Collecting the History of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
		Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells work with a polymer electrolyte in the form of a thin, permeable sheet.
		Hydrogen atoms are stripped of their electrons, or "ionized," at the anode, and the positively charged protons diffuse through one side of the porous membrane and migrate toward the cathode.
		For this fuel cell to work, the proton exchange membrane electrolyte must allow hydrogen protons to pass through but prohibit the passage of electrons and heavier gases.
	fuelcells.si.edu /pem/pemmain.htm (987 words)

	Start up of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (US6127056)
		A proton exchange membrane fuel cell has a noble metal or noble metal alloy catalyst 15 disposed in its air inlet manifold 13.
		During start up, a fuel cell is warmed to operating temperature by introducing a small amount of hydrogen into a flow of air to the air inlet 12 of the fuel cell where they react with the catalyst to produce heat at subflame temperatures.
		In a fuel cell having a proton exchange membrane electrolyte and process oxidant channel, fed through an oxidant inlet manifold, in which oxidant is transported to the cathode side of the fuel cell, a method of warming the fuel cell during start up of operation, comprising:
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US06127056__ (302 words)

	Types - Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
		Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are believed to be the best type of fuel cell as the vehicular power source to eventually replace the gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines.
		PEM fuel cells use a solid polymer membrane (a thin plastic film) as the electrolyte.
		The fuel for the PEMFC is hydrogen and the charge carrier is the hydrogen ion (proton).
	www.fctec.com /fctec_types_pem.asp (390 words)

	Element 1 Power Systems Inc.- A fuel cell source
		The fuel cell will change our lives as much as the computer it powers and the internal combustion engine it replaces.
		Fuel cells and hydrogen technology will make all of this possible, and with little or no pollution.
		E1PS is committed to bringing the future of PEM fuel cell power to the commercial and residential marketplace.
	e1ps.tripod.com /E1PSwebsite/index.html (325 words)

	[No title]
		Fuel cells were initially developed in the 19th century, but due to many technical problems, their full potential was not realized [1].
		Fuel cells are also a key component in the “Hydrogen Economy” that many futurists and economists envision becoming a reality in the next few decades [2].
		Most fuel cells are built with a specific area that the flow channels will occupy and thus the ratio of the landing width to the channel width must be set to allow for the most amount of gas to flow while still allowing for electron conduction.
	filebox.vt.edu /users/plouka/PSD_prelim.doc (6112 words)

	Title page for ETD etd-01202004-135932
		A fuel cell test stand was designed and built to facilitate experimental validation of the model.
		Parametric studies performed with the model are also presented and illustrate how fuel cell performance varies due to changes in parameters associated with the transport of reactants and liquid water produced in the cell.
		In particular, the transport of oxygen, water within the polymer portions of the catalyst layers and membrane, and liquid water within the porous regions of the cell are shown to have significant impact on cell performance, especially at low cell voltage.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /theses/available/etd-01202004-135932 (432 words)

	DMFC, Direct Methanol Fuel Cell, technology -- DTI Energy Inc.
		Fuel cells produce electricity from potential chemical energy without combustion, through an electrochemical process that combines oxygen and hydrogen to produce electricity, heat, and water.
		The Direct Methanol Fuel Cell, DMFC, technology developed under the supervision of Dr. Rao Surumpudi supervisor of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology's electrochemical-technology group is the basis for the patents and license for which DTI Energy has control.
		Direct Methanol Fuel Cells are ideal for power generation, either connected to the electric grid to provide supplemental power and backup assurance for critical areas, or installed as a grid-independent generator for on-site service in areas that are inaccessible by power lines.
	www.dtienergy.com (3246 words)

	Fuel Cell Works Supplemental News Page
		The facility, capable of testing various fuel cell types of 1 kW to 125 kW power, brings to NASA new and unique capabilities for the evaluation of fuel cells for future missions.
		The PEMFC is an electrochemical power generation device that converts hydrogen and oxygen reactants into electrical power, heat and water.
		When fuel cells are coupled with an electrolyzer to form a regenerative fuel cell system (RFC), the technology becomes an attractive energy storage alternative to battery systems, especially for lunar missions where the day-night cycles are much longer than those in low Earth orbit.
	www.fuelcellsworks.com /Supppage3612.html (336 words)

	Automotive Technology - Necar 4 Fuel Cell Car (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Between 1999 and 2001 the partnership is testing five fuel-cell vehicles in California as part of a public/private partnership to demonstrate the viability of fuel cell cars as an alternative drive solution.
		DaimlerChrysler's centre of competence for fuel cell development is in Nabern near Stuttgart, while battery-operated vehicle development is concentrated in Auburn Hills.
		The heart of the fuel cell is the proton exchange membrane.
	www.automotive-technology.com /projects/necar4 (576 words)

	Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) - NFCRC Tutorial
		This type of fuel cell also known as the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell consists of a proton conducting membrane, such as a perfluorosulphonic acid polymer as the electrolyte which has good proton conducting properties, contained between two Pt impregnated porous electrodes.
		Note that the fuel cell operates on H2 while only a few ppm of CO may be tolerated by the Pt catalysis at its operating temperature of 175 deg F or 80 deg C. If a hydrocarbon fuel such as natural gas is used as a fuel, reforming of the fuel by the reaction:
		Some of the advantages of the cell are that it may be operated at high current densities resulting in a cell that has a fast start capability, compact and light weight design, and that there is no corrosive fluid spillage hazard because the only liquid present in the cell is water.
	www.nfcrc.uci.edu /EnergyTutorial/pemfc.html (467 words)

	The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Once fuel cells are commercialized, especially in automobiles, this type of fuel cell are ideal.
		These fuel cells have a high power density and can vary their output quickly to meet shifts in power demand.
		The United States Department of Energy states that PEM fuel cells "…are the primary candidates for light-duty vehicles, for buildings, and potentially for much smaller applications such as replacements for rechargeable batteries in video cameras."
	chemelab.ucsd.edu /fuelcell/PEM.htm (70 words)

	SERC: The PEM Fuel Cell Animation
		This animation shows the process that goes on inside an individual fuel cell.
		To produce power in large amounts, many of these cells are combined into a fuel cell stack.
		The image at right shows a fuel cell stack composed of 36 cells.
	www.humboldt.edu /~serc/animation.html (135 words)

	Lynntech Products: PEM Fuel Cells (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The key step in the operation of most fuel cells is the electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen to produce water, as shown in the drawing.
		A PEM fuel cell is capable of using oxygen directly from air, or purified.
		If you would like to be notified when commercial fuel cells become available, or if your organization would like to participate in the development of this technology, please contact us.
	www.lynntech.com /licensing/pem_fuelcell/index.shtml (347 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)