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Topic: Protoporphyrin IX

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	Kinetics of ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX accumulation in the (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Kinetics of ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX accumulation in the
		Kinetics of ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX accumulation in the liver, skin, and tumor of a rat model
		The protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) levels in rat liver, skin, and tumors in vivo in response to i.p.
	omlc.ogi.edu /pubs/abs/jacques95b.html (91 words)

	Untitled
		Protoporphyrin IX is a direct precursor of haem in the biosynthetic pathway for haem (figure 8.2).
		The rate of formation of protoporphyrin IX in cells and tissue is governed by the rate of synthesis of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) which is a precursor to protoporphyrin in the same biosynthetic pathway, this in turn, is regulated by the concentration of haem.
		Protoporphyrin IX disodium salt and human serum albumin was obtained from Sigma Chemicals, deuterium oxide was obtained from Goss Chemicals Ltd, and triton X-100 was obtained from Aldrich Chemicals.
	chemistry.mtu.edu /~pcharles/RESEARCH/thesis/ch08/HomePage.html (2959 words)

	Robert D. Willows 2003 3249
		The concentrations of protoporphyrin IX and Mg-protoporphyrin IX were determined in the lower acetone phase spectrofluorometrically with excitation at 400 nm and emission at 630 nm for protoporphyrin IX and excitation at 418 nm and emission at 595 nm for Mg-protoporphyrin IX.
		By determining the difference in the concentration of protoporphyrin IX that was released into the denaturing supernatants from irradiated and nonirradiated samples, it was calculated that 26 to 28% of the protoporphyrin IX that was bound to native HisBchH was retained by the denatured irradiated protein.
		In view of the activation of the vinyl groups of protoporphyrin IX caused by illumination, as evidenced by the conversion to photoprotoporphyrins, it seems likely that the vinyl groups or their derivatives are the points of attachment of the photoactivated protoporphyrin IX to BchH.
	www.bionewsonline.com /8/e/robert_d_willows_2003_3249.htm (5962 words)

	Alan J. Biel 2002 1685
		Protoporphyrin IX was extracted from a 1-ml sample of culture with ethyl acetate-acetic acid (3:1).
		The protoporphyrin IX levels in bchD and bchH mutants grown under low oxygen tension in broth were compared to the bacteriochlorophyll level in PAS100 grown under similar conditions.
		Since the formation of Mg-protoporphyrin monomethyl ester from protoporphyrin IX is completely shut off under high oxygen tensions (5), all the protoporphyrin IX is converted to heme, which feedback inhibits aminolevulinate synthase, resulting in a further decrease in carbon flow over the common tetrapyrrole pathway.
	www.bionewsonline.com /l/d/alan_j_biel_2002_1685.htm (5921 words)

	A plastidic ABC protein involved in intercompartmental communication of light signaling -- Møller et al. 15 (1): ...
		precursor protoporphyrin IX and in attenuation of FR-regulated
		IX accumulation caused by the nonspecific oxidation of protoporphyrinogen
		Protoporphyrinogen IX (Protogen IX) is transported to the plastid envelope, where it is oxidized by the membrane-bound protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO) to form protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX).
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/15/1/90 (7040 words)

	Tethered dyers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		For example, reconstitution of apo-myoglobin with Co(II)-protoporphyrin IX results in a novel biocatalyst that is capable to hydrogenate acetylene derivatives or evolve hydrogen [3,4].
		Apo-myoglobin was reconstituted with Co(II)-protoporphyrin IX and eosin dye units were tethered to lysine residues of the protein by the reaction of the Co(II)-protoporphyrin IX-reconstituted myoglobin with eosin isothiocyanate, (26) [4].
		The preparation of a photoenzyme by the reconstitution of a heme-protein with Co(II)-protoporphyrin IX and the chemical modification of the protein backbone with a tethered chromophore.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/photo_enzymes4.htm (1280 words)

	staff
		The long hypocotyl phenotype and the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the mutant can be recapitulated by inhibiting (flumioxazin) protoporphyrin IX oxidase (PPO) in WT seedlings (Figure 2).
		These observations suggest that atABC1 is involved in the transport and correct distribution of protoporphyrin IX where atABC1 deficiency results in protoporphyrin IX accumulation, in the repression of nuclear encoded FR-regulated genes and in hypocotyl elongation.
		Using the PPO inhibitor flumioxazin we observed in WT seedlings a concentration-dependent increase in protoporphyrin IX with increasing flumioxazin concentrations (Figure 2a) together with an accompanying increase in hypocotyl length in response to FR light (Figure 2b).
	www.le.ac.uk /biology/staff/sgm5/sgmres.htm (1184 words)

	Inhibitory Effect of Zinc Protoporphyrin IX on Lower Esophageal Sphincter Smooth Muscle Relaxation by Vasoactive ...
		The influence of ZnPP IX on the LES relaxation by VIP, isoproterenol and forskolin is shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, respectively.
		ZnPP IX caused a significant and concentration-dependent attenuation of the fall in the LES tension by the lower concentrations of isoproterenol (*P <.05; n = 9).
		Maines MD (1981) Zinc protoporphyrin is a selective inhibitor of heme oxygenase activity in the neonatal rat.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/285/2/468 (4356 words)

	Role of Magnesium Chelatase Activity in the Early Steps of the Tetrapyrrole Biosynthetic Pathway -- Papenbrock et al. ...
		ALA in the dark for 4 h and analyzed for protoporphyrin IX and Mg-protoporphyrin IX accumulation.
		IX and is apparently confined in response to Mg-chelatase
		Jensen PE, Gibson LCD, Hunter CN (1998) Determinants of the catalytic activity with the use of the purified I, D and H subunits of the magnesium protoporphyrin IX chelatase from Synechocystis PCC6803.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/122/4/1161 (4647 words)

	The Chl a Carboxylic Biosynthetic Routes
		Protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (Mpe) is the precursor of Pchlide a (Fig.
		A precursor-product relationship between MV Mpde and DV Pchlide a E remains to be established and is complicated by the presence of Mpde esterases that convert exogenous Mpde to Mpe (Rebeiz, unpublished).
		Enzymic conversion of protoporphyrin IX in a subplastic membrane fraction of cucumber etiochloroplasts.
	w3.ag.uiuc.edu /NRES/LPPBP/Carboxlc.html (4593 words)

	Activation of Purified Soluble Guanylate Cyclase by Protoporphyrin IX -- Ignarro et al. 79 (9): 2870 -- Proceedings of ...
		Soluble guanylate cyclase [GTP pyrophosphatelyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.2] purified from bovine lung is markedly activated (30- to 40-fold) by protoporphyrin IX (K
		Guanylate cyclase purified in this study contains heme and is activated by nitric oxide and nitrosyl-heme to the same magnitude as that by protoporphyrin IX.
		The insertion of iron into protoporphyrin IX to form heme or hematin renders the metalloporphyrin an inhibitor of unactivated or activated guanylate cyclase.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/79/9/2870 (612 words)

	Fluorescence Spectrometry in Protoporphyrin IX Metabolism Phase /Level Dating in Cell
		Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to study protoporphyrin IX(PpIX) metabolism level in chick embryos during the cell proliferation process.
		Porphyrins are synthetic precursors to the prosthetic group heme in hemoglobin and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of heme and can be amassed since the conversion process into heme is slow.
		Protoporphyrin IX metabolism level as a function of the embryonic development time (dashed line).
	www.photobiology.com /photobiology2000/miah (1445 words)

	Crystal structure of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase: a key enzyme in haem and chlorophyll biosynthesis -- Koch et al. 23 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Protoporphyrinogen IX is oxidised to protoporphyrin IX by molecular oxygen that is reduced to hydrogen peroxide.
		IX is sandwiched between the conserved residues Leu356 and Leu372.
		The oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX occurs in three steps, whereby each time the FAD cofactor is reduced by the tetrapyrrol ring and reoxidised by an oxygen molecule that is reduced to hydrogen peroxide.
	embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/23/8/1720 (3948 words)

	Reactions Between ALA and Proto
		The observation of harderopoprphyrinogen accumulation (one vinyl at position 2 and one propionate at position 4)(Sano and Granick, 1961) and its subsequent isolation (Kennedy et al, 1970) led to the proposal that the decarboxylation of ring A occurs before that of ring B. The precise mechanism of oxidative decarboxylation is still uncertain.
		Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (Protox for short) catalyzes the conversion of Protogen IX to Proto (Poulson and Polglase, 1975, Jacobs, and Jacobs, 1982).
		In animal cells, during heme biosynthesis, Protogen IX is converted to Proto IX in the mitochondria.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/chloro/ALAProto.html (2218 words)

	Overexpression of Plastidic Protoporphyrinogen IX Oxidase Leads to Resistance to the Diphenyl-Ether Herbicide ...
		IX to fluorescent protoporphyrin IX and is associated with the
		Protoporphyrin IX was extracted and quantified by HPLC as described in "Materials and Methods" (A and B).
		IX and did not increase the chlorophyll pool (Table I).
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/122/1/75 (5090 words)

	Mechanism of inhibition of VIP-induced LES relaxation by heme oxygenase inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX -- Rattan et ...
		ZnPP IX but not zinc deuteroporphyrin IX caused significant inhibition of VIP binding to the membrane receptor.
		IX in the rabbit IAS (7) may lend support to this speculation.
		Heme oxygenase inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX causes an activation of nitric oxide synthase in the rabbit internal anal sphincter.
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/276/1/G138 (4813 words)

	Aggregation Behavior of Protoporphyrin IX in Aqueous Solutions: Clear Evidence of Vesicle Formation
		The aggregation behavior of protoporphyrin IX in aqueous solution, as a function of pH and ionic strength, has been studied by means of UV/vis, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, and resonant light scattering (RLS) techniques.
		Our experimental results agree with previous literature assignments: (i) protoporphyrin IX is a monomer in the pH range 0-3, (ii) a dimer is present for pH > 8, and (iii) higher aggregates are present in the pH range 3-7.
		Evaporation on a glass surface of solutions containing protoporphyrin IX aggregates from samples at intermediate pH leads to aggregates stable enough to be investigated for the first time through scanning electron (SEM) and scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM).
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/jpcbfk/2002/106/i10/abs/jp013155h.html (359 words)

	Interaction of hemopexin with Sn-protoporphyrin IX, an inhibitor of heme oxygenase. Role for hemopexin in hepatic ...
		Role for hemopexin in hepatic uptake of Sn-protoporphyrin IX and induction of mRNA for heme oxygenase.
		Role for hemopexin in hepatic uptake of Sn-protoporphyrin IX and induction of mRNA for heme oxygenase.Sn-protoporphyrin IX (SnPP), an inhibitor of heme oxygenase and a potential therapeutic agent for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, is bound tightly by hemopexin.
		The apparent dissociation constant (Kd) at pH 7.4 is 0.25 +/- 0.15 microM, but estimation of the Kd for the SnPP-hemopexin complex is hampered by the fact that at physiological pH SnPP exists as monomers and dimers, both of which are bound by hemopexin.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/5795419.html (362 words)

	PJ: publications
		P.Juzenas, A.Juzeniene, S.Stakland, V.Iani and J.Moan (2002) Photosensitizing effect of protoporphyrin IX in pigmented melanoma of mice.
		S.Bagdonas, L.-W.Ma, V.Iani, R.Rotomskis, P.Juzenas and J.Moan (2000) Phototransformations of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX in vitro: a spectroscopic study.
		P.Juzenas, S.Bagdonas, G.Streckyte, J.Moan and R.Rotomskis (1999) [Endogenous photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX in photosensitized tumour therapy].
	www.ff.vu.lt /biophotonics/pj/publist.html (862 words)

	Reactions Between ALA and Proto
		Coprogen III is the precursor of protoporphyrinogen IX.
		Beyond the possibility that in higher plants Protogen IX may contribute to the formation of Proto in five different environments (Table 1), no specific efforts have been made to document the nature and extent of Protogen IX biosynthetic heterogeneity in plants.
		Biosynthesis of protoporphyrinogen IX (Proto) via oxidation of IX Protogen IX Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (Protox for short) catalyzes the conversion of Protogen IX to Proto (Poulson and Polglase, 1975, Jacobs, and Jacobs, 1982).
	w3.aces.uiuc.edu /NRES/LPPBP/ALAproto.html (3454 words)

	Wadsworth-LEAD LAB WEB PAGE
		The erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) test was previously the recommended screening test for lead poisoning but it is not very sensitive for detecting the low level lead exposures now believed to be harmful to children (1).
		In our laboratory, erythrocyte protoporphyrin is measured in whole blood using a reference method based on ethyl acetate-acetic acid extraction.
		Porphyrins are then separated from heme by back-extraction into a hydrochloric acid solution, and quantitatively determined by molecular fluorometry using a spectrofluorometer calibrated with protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) standard solutions; however, the exact concentration of the standards must first be established using molecular absorbance, Beer's Law and the millimolar absorptivity of PPIX.
	www.wadsworth.org /testing/lead/ep.htm (458 words)

	Plant Gene Register PGR98-156 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Protoporphyrin IX, if chelated with iron by ferrochelatase will participate in heme biosynthesis.
		Alternatively, protoporphyrin IX can be chelated with magnesium by a separate enzyme to form Mg- protoporphyrin IX, which will eventually be converted into chlorophyll.
		Protox (EC 1.3.3.4); the six electron oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX to form protoporphyrin IX.
	www.tarweed.com /pgr/PGR98-156.html (1049 words)

	Endoscopic fluorescence detection of dysplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus, ulcerative colitis, or adenomatous ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Background: Surveillance of patients with Barrett's esophagus or ulcerative colitis for dysplasia is confined to biopsy specimens taken randomly during endoscopy because dysplasia remains undetectable by visual inspection.
		We attempted to visualize dysplastic tissue during endoscopy after sensitization with 5- aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) leading to accumulation and formation of protoporphyrin IX and induction of characteristic red fluorescence of the latter substance using blue light illumination.
		7Conclusions: 5-ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence may be useful in the detection of dysplasia in the gastrointestinal tract by enhancement of endoscopic surveillance of patients at a high risk for dysplasia.
	www.gerd.com /articles/recent/abstracts/1292.htm (303 words)

	INABIS '98 - Direct Effect of Zinc Protoporphyrin-IX on Calcium Homeostasis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
		Metalloporphyrins, especially zinc protoporphyrin XI (Zn-PP-IX), have been widely used as the tool in studying the biological effects of endogenously generated carbon monoxide (CO).
		Whether this effect of Zn-PP- IX was mediated by a decreased activity of HO was further investigated.
		Zygmunt PM, Hogestatt ED, Grundemar L: Light-dependent effects of zinc protoporphyrin IX on endothelium-dependent relaxation resistant to N omega-nitro-L-arginine.
	www.mcmaster.ca /inabis98/wang/wu0210/two.html (1151 words)

	Reconstitution of an Active Magnesium Chelatase Enzyme Complex from the bchI, -D, and -H Gene Products of the Green ...
		sphaeroides monomeric BchH protein binds protoporphyrin IX in an approximate molar ratio of 1:1 (29).
		IX formed, which was quantified by integration of the peak area
		The characteristic fluorescence maxima of protoporphyrin IX and Mg-protoporphyrin IX are 633 and 595 nm, respectively.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/180/3/699 (4152 words)

	The haem pigment of the oral anaerobes Prevotella nigrescens and Prevotella intermedia is composed of iron(III) ...
		The haem pigment of the oral anaerobes Prevotella nigrescens and Prevotella intermedia is composed of iron(III) protoporphyrin IX in the monomeric form -- Smalley et al.
		Smalley, J. W., Silver, J., Marsh, P. and Birss, A. The periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis binds iron protoporphyrin IX in the µ-oxo dimeric form: an oxidative buffer and possible pathogenic mechanism.
		Smalley, J. W., Birss, A. and Silver, J. The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis harnesses the chemistry of the µ-oxo bishaem of iron protoporphyrin IX to protect against hydrogen peroxide.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/149/7/1711 (3781 words)

	Photochemistry and Photobiology: Aminolaevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX pharmacokinetics in central and ...
		Photochemistry and Photobiology: Aminolaevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX pharmacokinetics in central and peripheral arteries of the rat[para]
		Aminolaevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX pharmacokinetics in central and peripheral arteries of the rat[para]
		A promising tool to prevent postinterventional restenosis is vascular photodynamic therapy (PDT) using the endogenous heme intermediate protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) as the photosensitizer (2-5).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3931/is_200307/ai_n9285324 (1405 words)

	July 1996, Volume 22, Number 7 - AAE
		We have previously shown that protoporphyrin IX and inorganic iron can replace the hemin requirement, suggesting that the hemin requirement of this microorganism is actually a porphyrin requirement.
		Protoporphyrin IX availability did not affect proteolytic enzyme production or virulence in a mouse abscess model.
		Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of membrane preparations demonstrated that protoporphyrin IX limitation induced the expression of new proteins at 42, 34, 30, 29, and 18 kDa and suppressed the production of proteins at 47, 27, 17, and 15 kDa.
	www.aae.org /joe/abstracts/abst0796.htm (1740 words)

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