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	Prototype-based programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The original (and canonical) example of a prototype based language is Self, but the class-less programming style has recently grown increasingly popular, and has been adopted for the programming languages Cecil, JavaScript, NewtonScript, Io, MOO, REBOL, and several others.
		Classes define the basic layout and functionality of objects, and instances are "usable" objects based on the patterns of a particular class.
		One problem with class-based languages, in the opinion of proponents of prototype based programming, is that programs rarely remain static during development.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prototype_based (877 words)

	Prototype-based programming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Prototype-orientation, or more commonly, prototype based programming, is a specific style of object-oriented programming in which classes are not present, and inheritance is accomplished by cloning.
		The first example of a prototype based language was Self, but the style was later adopted by Cecil, JavaScript, NewtonScript, Io and the MOO programming language, among others.
		Prototype based languages tend to start with a selection of basic objects that you can make copies of.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Prototype-based_programming.html (1231 words)

	November 93 - Prototype-based OOLs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A prototype of a window object is itself a window object and it has all the data and behavioral features of any of the objects that it is used to create.
		Prototypes form the basis of the data-description model in a prototype-based language and delegation is the mechanism by which code is dynamically selected for execution.
		You might have noticed that prototypes are simply data values, references to which are presumably stored in the objects cloned from them (commonly called their 'children'), and the delegates are also just references to objects.
	mactech.com /articles/frameworks/7_6/Prototype-based_OOLs_Evins.html (4302 words)

	Software Maintenance and Prototype Based Languages - OSNews.com
		Prototype based objected oriented languages like Self and Io solve both the edit-compile-test cycle and make it easier to understand the software (steps 12, 13 and 8).
		When an object is modified in the exploratory development environment of a prototype based language it is almost always copied to a backing store where it is retrievable at a later date.
		Prototype based programming is about rapid persistent development and revision control is still stuck in the world of files and source code merging.
	www.osnews.com /story.php?news_id=6523 (1553 words)

	Psychological Criticism of the Prototype-Based OO-Languages
		Prototypes are concrete, fully functional objects that are not instantiated from a class.
		Prototypes are special objects that cannot be used where normal objects can, they are meant only to be blueprints of which normal objects are constructed from.
		Prototypes, in the prototype theory, are objects as any other objects - it just happens that they are better examples of the category; that is all the difference there is.
	www.helsinki.fi /~jppesone/papers/kandi.html (7298 words)

	SAP Design Guild -- Prototype-Based xApps Design Process
		Prototypes are illustrations of the screens of (future) applications that help communicate the look (and, to a limited extent, the feel) of the planned application, its product concept, its functionality, its scope, and its screen flow – both to internal and external customers.
		User interface designers often employ prototypes to check their understanding of the upcoming application against personas (see Cooper's article on Personas), user roles, use cases, and scenarios, as well as for usability tests.
		High-fidelity prototypes seem to better communicate the planned look and feel of the final product but also to intimidate users: The quality of these prototypes leads users to believe that development has progressed beyond the point where changes can be made without undue effort.
	www.sapdesignguild.org /editions/edition7/proto_design.asp (1754 words)

	Client-Side JavaScript Guide
		Construct an object hierarchy by assigning an object as the prototype associated with a constructor function.
		If you add a new property to an object that is being used as the prototype for a constructor function, you add that property to all objects that inherit properties from the prototype.
		You may want to know what objects are in the prototype chain for an object, so that you can tell from what objects this object inherits properties.
	docs.sun.com /source/816-6409-10/obj2.htm (2636 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The difficulty with sets stems from their abstractness; people seem to be a lot better at dealing with specific examples first, then generalizing from them than they are at absorbing general abstract principles first, and later applying them in particular cases.
		Prototype systems allow creating individual concepts first, then generalizing them by saying what aspects of the concept are allowed to vary.
		Implementing the prototype approach to sharing knowledge in object oriented systems is an alternative mechanism called delegation, appearing in the actor languages, and several Lisp-based object oriented systems such as Director [Kahn 79], T [Rees 85], Orbit [Steels 82], and others.
	lieber.www.media.mit.edu /people/lieber/Lieberary/OOP/Delegation/Delegation.html (6504 words)

	A Brief Overview of Prototype Based Clustering Techniques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Clustering aims at classifying the unlabeled points in a data set into different groups or clusters, such that members of the same cluster are as similar as possible, while members of different clusters are as dissimilar as possible.
		We concentrate on prototype based clustering methods because they lend themselves more easily to robustifying efforts based on robust statistics.
		Means algorithm consists of alternating updates of the centers using (3) and the partition using (2), until convergence or for a maximum number of iterations.
	www.ee.memphis.edu /people/faculty/nasraoui/MY_TUTORIALS/PrototypeBasedClustering/PrototypeBasedClustering.html (517 words)

	Prototype-based programming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Classes organize the basic layout and functionality other objects and instances are "usable" objects based on the inside a particular class.
		For this most prototype based languages refer to both and methods as "slots".
		Prototype based languages tend to start with selection of basic objects that you can copies of.
	www.freeglossary.com /Prototype-based_programming (1054 words)

	Linking to the Appropriate Copy: Report of a DOI-Based Prototype
		The prototype was presented at a third linking workshop sponsored by NISO, the DLF, and CrossRef in July 2000 [NISO, Van de Sompel].
		It is not clear whether any publishers would actually choose to opt-out, based on the value localization brings to end users and librarians, but it may be important to have this alternative for localization to be fully accepted.
		The prototype was primarily an analysis of the technical feasibility of localized linking and it has been very successful, within limited parameters.
	www.dlib.org /dlib/september01/caplan/09caplan.html (5315 words)

	prototype
		Prototype is a program that reads a text file and produces the look and feel of an application...
		Prototypes or prototypical instances combine the most representative attributes of a category.
		The prototype of any category is the member or set of members of a category that best represents the category as a whole.
	www.nieddu.biz /ferrari/prototype+.cgi (686 words)

	Details of the Document Object Model (DOM) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A prototype-based language does have the notion of a prototypical object, a base object to be used as a template from which to obtain the initial properties for new objects.
		In addition, any object can itself be used as the base prototype template for another object, allowing the second object to share the first object's properties (fields and methods).
		If you add a property to an object that is used as the prototype for a set of objects, the objects for which it is the prototype inherit the new property.
	www.prairienet.org /~sjmccaug/dom.htm (2913 words)

	SAP Design Guild -- Prototype-Based xApps Design Process
		Product managers often present prototypes to customers in order to get their feedback on missing or superfluous features.
		At this point, it is possible to imagine how the first version of the product will look, but, as there is no customer data at this point, we have to rely on guesses of what customers want and how to structure the information.
		Screenshots from the prototypes can be used to illustrate the internal design documentation.
	www.sapdesignguild.org /editions/edition7/print_proto_design.asp (1673 words)

	Business Software Review:Category Top/Computers/Programming/Languages/Object-Oriented/Prototype-based (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Prototype-based programming is a style of object-oriented programming in which classes are not present, and behaviour reuse (known as inheritance in class-based languages) is accomplished by cloning existing objects which serve as prototypes for the new ones.
		For example, Java has object types corresponding to each primitive type: Integer and int, Character and char, Float and float, etc. Languages like C++ make little or no distinction between objects and non-objects; thus, the use of object type is of little interest.
		Agora is a reflective, prototype-based, object-oriented programming language that is based exclusively on message passing and not delegation.
	www.business-software-review.org /Category6210.html (844 words)

	Stewart Platform Based Prototype Tele-Manipulator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Description: The prototype Stewart platform based tele-manipulator was developed under a contract with DARPA to investigate alternative designs for robotics manipulators.
		The system components are a pneumatically powered slave manipulator, a sensor based master input device, and a control system for tele-operation.
		What makes this system unique is the master and slave units are kinematiccaly similar, with the master being a lightweight, sensor based device which does not restrict the operator or require lengthy training.
	www.technet.pnl.gov /dme/robotics/stewart.stm (121 words)

	A Nod to the Past-Prototype-Based Objects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A class in ActionScript 1.0 was known as a prototype object.
		In ActionScript 1.0, this was the key to associating an external prototype definition with a Library symbol.
		This works assuming the prototype object is named LoanCalc and that the file in which it is defined has been included in the first frame of the timeline for the Library symbol.
	www.freeweb.hu /oopas2/ch05lev1sec5.html (469 words)

	Ruby: PrototypeBasedRuby (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The most obvious advantage of this approach is the simplification it brings to the data models.
		We found that prototype inheritance has compelling advantages over classes in the domain of user interface programming, and can help overcome the memory constraints of a small machine.
		Prototype based programming is usually offered as an alternative to what is arguably the limited modeling capabilities of OO.
	www.rubygarden.org /ruby?PrototypeBasedRuby (287 words)

	Class Warfare: Classes vs. Prototypes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It may (or may not) surprise the authors of [Ungar 1987] to learn that their work is cited by some as evidence for the contention that if classes did not exist, programmers would find it necessary to invent them.
		For instance, the use of prototype cloning vs. metalevel object "factories" distinguishes the prototype-based architectures from the class-based ones.
		An initial prototyping phase, an exploratory, expansionary phase, in which a successful design must incorporate a range of new requirements, and a consolidation phase, during which a mature system is reorganized to cleanly incorporate the successful additions that were made during the second phase.
	www.laputan.org /reflection/warfare.html (1451 words)

	February 15, 2001 - Class-Based vs. Prototype-Based Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		One of the differences between JavaScript and the rest of the gang is that it is a prototype-based language while the other are class-based.
		A class-based language is based on two fundamental entities: classes and instances.
		Any object might be used as a prototype for another object.
	www.webreference.com /js/tips/010215.html (296 words)

	A Trifle Absurd » Programming with Prototypes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		You might be interested in the Garnet system for prototyping advanced user interfaces, which was developed at Carnegie-Mellon, and is still (somewhat sporadically) maintained at Sourceforge.
		On the other hand, the prototype system really enhances one’s ability to rapidly throw together (I had to resist the temptation to say “prototype”!) new UI gadgets that provide novel functionality; far, far less constraining than most other toolkits.
		There’s also a project I’m working on called Slate which is a kind of blend of several different languages with a Smalltalk syntax.
	www.matthewmorgan.net /blog/archives/2005/01/26/programming-with-prototypes (492 words)

	Boston.com / News / Local / R.I. / States developing school-based `work credential' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A national prototype based on a test or some kind of assessment is expected to be operating in 15 months, according to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.
		She said when implemented, the credential will likely be used by a "broad base" of high graduates and those without diplomas.
		In Washington state, the credential would be available through job centers, to case managers and in cooperation with high schools, said Heather Fredericks, manager of training and education partnerships in the state Workforce Training and Education Coordinating Board.
	www.boston.com /news/local/rhode_island/articles/2005/01/10/states_developing_school_based_work_credential (655 words)

	Prototype Based User Interfaces - Noble (ResearchIndex)
		Users of these interfaces must understand the different roles of classes and instances, and how they are related.
		Interface designs based on prototypes may suit many users better than class based interfaces.
		Prototype based user interfaces are simpler than class based interfaces, and so can be faster to learn and easier to use.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /noble96prototype.html (438 words)

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