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Topic: Protozoa

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Flagellate

Algae

Protista

Cyanobacteria

Amoeboid

Eukaryota

Protist

Kingdom (biology)

Heterokont

Ciliate

Prokaryota

Golden alga

Adenovirus

Euglenozoa

Red alga

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	Intestinal Protozoa
		Intestinal protozoa are transmitted by the fecal-oral route and tend to exhibit similar life cycles consisting of a cyst stage and a trophozoite stage (Figure).
		The cyst wall functions to protect the organism from desiccation in the external environment as the parasite undergoes a relatively dormant period waiting to be ingested by the next host.
		The trichomonads are a group of flagellated protozoa.
	www.tulane.edu /~wiser/protozoology/notes/intes.html (10832 words)

	PROTOZOA
		Protozoa are thought to be the origin for the evolution of all multi-cellular organisms to which belong the plants, fungae, and animals.
		The pages contained in this PROTOZOA section are rather thought to give some insights into this fascinating world of little creatures and to show, what enormous diversity nature was able to create from one single cell.
		Cavalier-Smith (1993) Kingdom Protozoa and its 18 Phyla.
	www.cladocera.de /protozoa/protozoa.html (339 words)

	Protozoa - Biomedia Zoology Museum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Protozoa are the most abundant animals in the world in terms of numbers and biomass.
		Protozoa are defined as single-celled eukaryotic organisms, that feed heterotrophically and exhibit diverse motility mechanisms.
		The most striking differences among protozoa at the light microscope level are in the locomotory structures and the traditional classification of protozoa, found in most zoology textbooks and used within this unit, is based on these differences.
	www-biol.paisley.ac.uk /biomedia/text/txt_protozoa.htm (1185 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Protozoa
		Protozoa are ubiquitous throughout aqueous environments and the soil, and play an important role in their ecology.
		Protozoa such as the malaria parasites, trypanosomes and leishmania are also important as parasites and symbionts of multicellular animals.
		The study of the Protozoa has acquired great practical importance from the fact that many of them live as parasites of other animals, and as such may be the cause of dangerous diseases and epidemics in the higher forms of animal life and in man (see Parasitic Diseases).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Protozoa (1411 words)

	Protozoa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Protozoa (in Greek proto = first and zoa = animal) are single-celled eukaryotes (organisms whose cells have nuclei) that commonly show characteristics usually associated with animals, most notably mobility and heterotrophy.
		Protozoa are ubiquitous throughout aqueous environments and the soil, and play an important role in their ecology.
		Protozoa such as the malaria parasites, trypanosomes and leishmania are also important as parasites and symbionts of multicellular animals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Protozoa (303 words)

	Protozoa - LoveToKnow 1911
		This is the sense in which the term Protozoa is used by zoologists, whereby certain forms of animal life, which were formerly ranked as Protozoa, such as sponges and rotifers, are now definitely excluded from the group and classed as Metazoa.
		The study of the Protozoa has acquired great practical importance from the fact that many of them live as parasites of other animals, and as such may be the cause of dangerous diseases and epidemics in the higher forms of animal life and in man (see Parasitic Diseases).
		The body-substance of the Protozoa is protoplasm, or, as it was originally termed by Dujardin, sarcode, which is finely alveolar in structure, the diameter of the alveoli varying generally between i and r,u.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Protozoa (9843 words)

	Soil Protozoa \| NRCS SQ
		Protozoa are classified into three groups based on their shape: Ciliates are the largest and move by means of hair-like cilia.
		Protozoa are also an important food source for other soil organisms and help to suppress disease by competing with or feeding on pathogens.
		Protozoa need bacteria to eat and water in which to move, so moisture plays a big role in determining which types of protozoa will be present and active.
	soils.usda.gov /sqi/concepts/soil_biology/protozoa.html (669 words)

	Micrographia: Protozoa: An introduction to protozoa/protoctista.
		Protozoa means first animals, and these creatures were indeed the first animals to impact upon human awareness in the pioneering applications of the microscope over three hundred years ago.
		The protozoa of the freshwater environment range in size from about 1mm in the case of Stentor and some of the multinucleate amoebae, down to 5µm or so in the case of the smaller flagellates, and they are extremely varied in both appearance and lifestyle.
		The freshwater protozoa regulate the water content of their bodies by the expansion and periodic collapse of their contractile vacuole, a vesicle which increases in size as it extracts water from the interior of the cell and collapses to nothing as it expels the extracted water.
	www.micrographia.com /specbiol/protis/homamoeb/amoe0000.htm (732 words)

	Protozoa (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This is because the protozoa consist of a number (actually the majority) of deeply rooted lineages found among the eucaryotes, including those that lead to the fungi, the plants, and the animals.
		Protozoa generally require moisture and have adapted to most if not all environments in which moisture and nutrients are present.
		Protozoa cells generally range in size from about 1 to 300 µm, the size of a bacteria at the small end and a good size eucaryotic cell at the large end.
	www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu /~sabedon/biol3030.htm (4301 words)

	Protozoa
		Protozoa are microscopic unicellular eukaryotes that have a relatively complex internal structure and carry out complex metabolic activities.
		In most protozoa the cytoplasm is differentiated into ectoplasm (the outer, transparent layer) and endoplasm (the inner layer containing organelles); the structure of the cytoplasm is most easily seen in species with projecting pseudopodia, such as the amebas.
		Reproduction in the Protozoa may be asexual, as in the amebas and flagellates that infect humans, or both asexual and sexual, as in the Apicomplexa of medical importance.
	www.modares.ac.ir /elearning/Dalimi/Proto/Lectures/week3.htm (2466 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Protozoa are single-celled creatures with nuclei which show some characteristics, such as heterotrophy and motility, usually associated with animals.
		Some smaller groups of protozoa may also be treated as separate kingdoms.
		The traditional division of protozoans is on the basis of movement, and while this is no longer believed to represent true relationships, it's still a useful way of organizing the many different groups:
	www.wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/p/pr/protozoa.html (132 words)

	Protozoa and Helminths
		Microbiology @ Leicester: Infection and Immunity: Protozoa and Helminths
		Protozoa means "first animal" and refers to simple eukaryotic organisms composed of a single cell (e.g.
		In contrast to the protozoa, helminths (worms and flukes) are multicellular with complex reproductive systems and life cycles involving intermediate hosts for the development of larval stages and a definitive host for the adult form.
	www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk /MBChB/6b.html (2794 words)

	Glass Protozoa
		Protozoa are microscopically small, single-celled organisms, the most broadly known of which are probably amoebae and paramecia.
		While most protozoa are aquatic, living in fresh or salt water, some live in soil.
		Despite the fact that they consist of only one cell, protozoa are varied in form and physiology, and carry out the metabolic functions of higher animals, such as digestion, respiration, and coordination of movement.
	www.amnh.org /exhibitions/expeditions/treasure_fossil/Treasures/Glass_Protozoa/protozoa.html (255 words)

	Protozoa - MSN Encarta
		Protozoa, collective name for animal-like, single-celled organisms, some of which may form colonies.
		In the classification followed in this encyclopedia the protozoa are placed in the kingdom Protista with other single-celled organisms that have membrane-enclosed nuclei.
		Protozoa obtain their food by ingesting bacteria, waste products of other organisms, algae, or other protozoa.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761577818/Protozoa.html (164 words)

	reefED - GBR Explorer - Protozoa (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Although all are single-celled, that is about all they have in common: protozoa are an extremely diverse group. Protozoa are included in the animal kingdom because they can move on their own, and because of the wide range of foods that they eat.
		Protozoa come in a multitude of shapes and sizes, and many have quite complex physical structures.
		Individual independent protozoa range in size from a species of plankton called Micromonas which is just a micrometer across, to some amoebas, dinoflagellates and ciliates that may be several millimetres in diameter - which is considered large for a single-celled animal.
	www.reefed.edu.au /explorer/animals/marine_invertebrates/protozoa/index.html (199 words)

	Parasitology: Parasitic Protozoa text
		Parasitic protozoa are, in general, small, have short generation times, high rates of reproduction and a tendency to induce immunity to reinfection in those hosts that survive.
		Among the unique features in protozoa are the mega- and micronucleus found in Ciliates and the kinetoplast, a DNA containing structure in the mitochondrion of kinetoplastid flagellates.
		Parasitic protozoa are in no way simple or degenerate and adaptations to parasitism frequently include complex life cycles and specialized ways of entering and maintaining themselves in their hosts.
	www.aber.ac.uk /parasitology/Edu/ParProto/ProtoTxt.html (6808 words)

	Microbes and food. Protozoa.
		Protozoa are usually free living and can be found in a variety of freshwater and marine environments and the soil.
		Some protozoa exist in symbiosis with bacteria that live in the cytoplasm or macronucleus.
		Protozoa can form a cyst, which is a dormant stage.
	www.schoolscience.co.uk /content/4/biology/sgm/sgmmicrobes5.html (252 words)

	Protozoa and Photomicrography
		ISearch of Protozoa from the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan!!
		Micrographia is for those who use microscopes in their investigations of the world around them.
		Protozoa - Ciliophora - Hypotrichida: Divisional Morphogenesis (Binary Fission, Ontogenesis, Stomatogenesis) and Morphology of the Hypotrichida!!!
	wolfbat359.com /protozoa.html (1730 words)

	Protozoa
		Biologists classify protozoa as belonging to the Protista.
		The protozoa are single-celled Eukaryotes, mostly too small to be seen with the naked eye but visible in the average microscope.
		Protozoa are very diverse group, not closely related to one another.
	www.historyoftheuniverse.com /protozoa.html (240 words)

	Protozoa - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		PROTOZOA [Protozoa] formerly, the name of an animal phylum comprising a large, diverse assortment of microscopic or near-microscopic one-celled heterotrophic organisms (protozoans).
		The term "protozoan" (or the collective plural "protozoa") continues to be used informally; the organisms are now more commonly placed in any of five phyla in the kingdom Protista.
		Tiny protozoa appears to disrupt aggressive fire ants.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/I/IX-Protozoa.asp (182 words)

	Protozoa: An Animal-Research First (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Protozoa are one-celled predatory organisms that engulf and destroy most bacteria.
		It suggests that naturally occurring digestive tract protozoa may be a place where dangerous bacteria can also lurk and develop.
		According to Rasmussen, the strengthening of disease-causing bacteria while they occupy protozoa is a phenomenon that’s been known since independent studies revealed a probable role of protozoa in strengthening Legionella.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/AR/archive/feb06/animal0206.htm (924 words)

	protogames.html
		Motion detection technology tracks the movements of the protozoa and the humans The computer orchestrates a series of events in which protozoa actions influence the humans and others where humans try to influence the protozoa.
		The protozoa are chosen because science presents them as one of the simplist animal lifeforms, possibly the evolutionary origin of humanity.
		A culture of protozoa are put under the microscope and subjected to a variety of instrumentation in order to influence behavior.
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~swilson/art/protozoagames/protogames10.html (1647 words)

	Pathogens: Insect Pathogens: Protozoa
		Protozoa are the most taxonomically diverse group of insect pathogens and, to confuse matters further, major changes currently are occurring in the understanding of their taxonomic relationships.
		All Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes and they range in their interactions with insects from commensualists and mutualists, to plant and animal pathogens vectored by insects, to acute insect pathogens (Tanada and Kaya, 1993).
		Death or debilitation of infected hosts may be, for example, the result of competition for metabolites, disruption of normal cell and tissue function, or blockage of the gut or other organs by extracellular species.
	www.inhs.uiuc.edu /cee/biocontrol/pathogens/typesofpathogens/protozoa.html (308 words)

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