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Topic: Protura

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	Checklist of the Collembola: Are Collembola terrestrial Crustacea?
		Bitsch and Bitsch (2000) regard the fulcrotentorium of Protura as non-homologous with the true tentorium of Insecta, and interpreted the endoskeletal formations of Collembola and Diplura to be a complex endosternite composed of connective fibres rather than a cuticular tentorium (cited from Edgecombe and Giribet, 2002:150).
		Protura either is sister to Collembola, forming Ellipura in a weakly supported relationship based on similarity of the entognathous mouthparts and lack of cerci, or is sister to all remaining Hexapoda.
		Traditionally, Collembola, Protura and Diplura were grouped as "Entognatha", based on the apparently similar morphology of the mouthparts, that are enclosed in folds of the head.
	webhost.ua.ac.be /collembola/publicat/crustacn.htm (8761 words)

	proturans - Protura
		Protura are minute soil-inhabiting hexapods characterized by the lack of eyes and antennae, a 12-segmented abdomen, and development by anamorphosis.
		Protura are divided into two suborders: Eosentomoidea and Acerentomoidea.
		Unique among hexapods, Protura exhibit anamorphosis, i.e., the larvae hatch with a few abdominal segments with the number increasing with subsequent moults.
	creatures.ifas.ufl.edu /misc/proturans.htm (585 words)

	FNZ 9 - Protura (Insecta) - Life Cycle and Biology
		As already mentioned, Protura are the only insects with anamorphosis, meaning that they add body segments during development.
		Protura hatch as a prelarva (proved without doubt by Bernard (1976)), which probably is immobile.
		In my 1931 paper I supposed a relationship between the pH of the soil and the presence of Protura; in acid soils their abundance was far greater than in alkaline ones, where often they could not be found at all.
	www.landcareresearch.co.nz /research/biodiversity/invertebratesprog/faunaofnz/Extracts/FNZ09/fnz09cyc.asp (562 words)

	Checklist of the Collembola: Are Collembola terrestrial Crustacea? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hennig (1953 cited from Wheeler, Whiting, Wheeler and Carpenter, 2001:115), (1965 and 1969 cited from Dallai and Callaini, 1979:64; Dallai, 1991:267) and Tuxen (1970 and 1972 cited from Dallai and Callaini, 1979:64; Dallai, 1991:267) regard Protura + Collembola as a monophyletic 'sister-group' of Diplura.
		Jamieson (1987, cited from Bach de Roca, Gaju-Ricart and Compte-Sart, 1999:381-382) concludes in a study of the evolution of the sperma in insects that the 9+2 axoneme is a plesiomorph character of Arthropoda.
		Kristensen (1995, cited from Bach de Roca, Gaju-Ricart and Compte-Sart, 1999:382) considers the 9+9+2 axoneme a synapomorphy of Diplura and Insecta, therefore invalidating Entognatha (Collembola have a 9+2 axoneme and Protura a 12+0 or 14+0 axoneme).
	www.geocities.com /fransjanssens/publicat/crustacn.htm (8923 words)

	Hexapoda - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It has been suggested that these may be homologous to the gill branches of crustaceans, or they may have developed from extensions of the segments themselves.
		The abdomen consists of eleven segments in all true insects, but in Protura it has twelve, and in Collembola only four to six.
		The appendages on the abdomen are extremely reduced, restricted to the external genitalia and sometimes a pair of sensory cerci on the last segment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hexapoda (470 words)

	FNZ 9 - Protura (Insecta) - Zoogeography
		This is supported by the phylogenetic placement of Protura as a sister-group to Collembola, and Collembola (the genus Rhyniella) being known as Devonian fossils from the Old Red Sandstone of Scotland.
		The means of dispersal of Protura are limited because these insects are very vulnerable to salt water and susceptible to desiccation.
		The place of origin of the Protura is not known - probably in a moist and warm climate, since they are not known in arctic or antarctic countries.
	www.landcareresearch.co.nz /research/biodiversity/invertebratesprog/faunaofnz/Extracts/FNZ09/fnz09zoo.asp (1283 words)

	Search Results for protura - Encyclopædia Britannica
		(class or order Protura), member of a group of minute (0.5 to 2 mm [0.02 to 0.08 inch]), pale, wingless, blind, primitive insects (about 150 species) that live in damp humus and soil and feed on...
		Three previous orders (Protura, Collembola, and Diplura) are treated here as separate classes.
		Protura are minute (to two millimetres in length), elongated, white, and lack antennae.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=protura&submit=Find&source=MWTAB (289 words)

	Directory - Science: Biology: Flora and Fauna: Animalia: Arthropoda: Insecta: Protura
		Gordon Ramel's Protura Page · iweb · cached · An introduction to the biology, classification, and ecology of the Protura.
		Protura of New Zealand · Introduction, checklist, and biology.
		Protura · iweb · cached · Introduction from the Tree of Life Project.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=5833530 (94 words)

	Protura
		Francois, J. Thoracic skeleton and musculature of Protura.
		Cephalic anatomy of Sinentomon erythranum Yin (Protura: Sinentomidae).
		Extraordinary high density of Protura in a windfall area of young spruce plants.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Protura&contgroup=Hexapoda (505 words)

	Protura Yarn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Refer to the categories in the menu to find more information on protura yarn from our site.
		Vicia joyride the cheliferous batiste with rarefied spun yarn.
		The Nettie Archives ~ January 2005 - -- Pro-Terrier in Protura...
	www.avidsewing.com /protura-yarn.html (773 words)

	Janisan - Scraper Entrance Mats - Protura Entrance Floor Mats
		Heavy weight, high traffic polypropylenes are exceptional wiper/scarpers that also excel at wiping shoes clean and dry.
		Protura Entrance Mats feature large denier fibers that create a coarse, rough surface with excellent scraping ability.
		PROTURA is a registered trademark of Ludlow Composite Corporation
	www.janisan.com /crown-mats/Protura_Entrance_Mats.htm (148 words)

	Protura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The name Protura is derived from the Greek words "proto-" meaning first (or original) and "ura" meaning tail, referring to the lack of advanced or specialized structures at the back of the abdomen.
		Proturans are small 0.5 to 2.5 mm long often unknown insects which inhabit the soil and leaf litter in various regions of the world.
		Protura is the smallest class in Phylum Arthropoda with only 170 species worldwide
	www.science.mcmaster.ca /Biology/insect/protura.htm (406 words)

	Protura
		In North America, the Protura are represented by three families:
		Two of the three North American families of Protura lack a tracheal system.
		With only about 500 species worldwide, Protura is the smallest class in the phylum Arthropoda.
	www.cals.ncsu.edu /course/ent425/compendium/protura.html (393 words)

	Science Biology Flora Fauna Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Protura Directory IndiaPress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Gordon Ramel's Protura Page - An introduction to the biology, classification, and ecology of the Protura.
		Protura - Introduction from the Tree of Life Project.
		Protura of New Zealand - Introduction, checklist, and biology.
	www.indiapress.org /directory/Science-Biology-Flora_and_Fauna-Animalia-Arthropoda-Insecta-Protura.html (96 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Japanese Protura (Keys to families and species of Japanese Protura)
		Protura (Nice overview of Protura of North America)
		Nosek, J. A new genus and six new species of Protura from Alaska (Protura: Acerentomidae, Eosentomidae).
	www.uaf.edu /museum/ento/Insect_Omnibus/Protura/index.html (273 words)

	Proturans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The first described species of Protura, Acerentomon doderoi, was published in 1907 by Silvestri.
		Jenkins, W. A rapid centrification- flotation technique for separating nematodes from the soil.
		Permission is granted to others to use these materials in part or in full for educational purposes, provided that full credit is given to the UF/IFAS, citing the publication, its source, and date of publication.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /IN200 (889 words)

	The Phylogenetic Positions of Three Basal-Hexapod Groups (Protura, Diplura, and Collembola) Based on Ribosomal RNA Gene ...
		The Phylogenetic Positions of Three Basal-Hexapod Groups (Protura, Diplura, and Collembola) Based on Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences -- Luan et al.
		Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.
		The Phylogenetic Positions of Three Basal-Hexapod Groups (Protura, Diplura, and Collembola) Based on Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences
	dx.doi.org /10.1093/molbev/msi148 (316 words)

	The Phylogenetic Positions of Three Basal Hexapod Groups (Protura, Diplura & Collembola) Based on Ribosomal RNA Gene ...
		The Phylogenetic Positions of Three Basal Hexapod Groups (Protura, Diplura and Collembola) Based on Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences
		Ten species of Protura, 12 of Diplura, and 10 of Collembola
		Keywords: Protura; Diplura; Collembola; Ribosomal RNA Genes; Molecular Phylogeny.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/msi148v1 (317 words)

	New Entomological Taxa Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Collembola, Diplura, and Protura), and Insecta excluding the orders covered by Sections B through G. Volume 1, Issue 4 (June 1999)
		Collembola, Diplura, and Protura), and Insecta excluding the orders covered by Sections B through G. Volume 1, Issue 3 (May 1999)
		Collembola, Diplura, and Protura), and Insecta excluding the orders covered by Sections B through G. Prototype Issue (October 1998)
	www.sciref.org /net (318 words)

	Gordon's Protura Page
		The Italian Sylvestri was the first to descibe them in 1907, while Berlese described some further species in 1908 and produced a monograph on them in 1909.
		Since then important work has been done and published by Tuxen (1964 The Protura) and Janetschek (1970 In Handbuch der Zoologie).
		Proturans prefer moist organic soils which are not too acidic, and though they are generally resticted to the upper 10cm of the soil environment they can be divided into two different groups depending on whether or not they are found near the surface or further down.
	www.earthlife.net /insects/protura.html (739 words)

	Australian Faunal Directory - Checklist for PROTURA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Download checklist for PROTURA as a RichText file.
		Download checklist for PROTURA as an HTML table, to import into a spreadsheet program such as Microsoft Excel
		To expand the checklist, click on the icon to the left of the name you wish to see expanded; if clicking an icon does not expand the checklist there is no element at the next level.
	www.deh.gov.au /biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/PROTURA/tree.html (97 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A new genus and six new species of Protura from Alaska (Protura:Acerentomidae, Eosentomidae).
		Brasilidia and a new genus and species of Protura (Insecta) from Argentina.
		A new phylogeny of Protura with approach to its origin and systematic position.
	ag.arizona.edu /tree/eukaryotes/animals/arthropoda/hexapoda/protura/Protura.nex (330 words)

	Checklist: South African Proturans (Protura) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This list of species, along with the details of distributions and the periods of adult activity, are taken from Condé (1955).
		Information about the Protura and their biology can be obtained from
		The Protura page of The Tree of Life
	www.ru.ac.za /academic/departments/zooento/Martin/protura.html (81 words)

	Urinsekten oder Apterygota (Protura, Collembola, Diplura und Thysanura). - HANDSCHIN.EDUARD. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Urinsekten oder Apterygota (Protura, Collembola, Diplura und Thysanura).
		Hundreds of the world's finest antiquarian and used booksellers offer their books on Antiqbook.
		They offer full satisfaction and normal prices - no markups, no hidden costs, no overcharged shipping costs.
	www.antiqbook.nl /boox/akok/87028.shtml (47 words)

	Week 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Steve Hopkin's Collembola pages (another excellent page, see especially his article on The Biology of the Collembola: the Most Abundant Insects in the World).
		Ecowatch Protura pages (nice line drawings of Protura.
		See also the Ecowatch pages on Collembola and Diplura as well as the Archaeognatha and Thysanura.
	www.entomology.umn.edu /museum/links/coursefiles/Week%202.html (284 words)

	DaVinci: Science> Biology> Flora and Fauna> Animalia> Arthropoda> Insecta> Protura> desc
		Biology> Flora and Fauna> Animalia> Arthropoda> Insecta> Protura> desc" href="http://www.bluegrassdavinci.com/ODP/Science/Biology/Flora_and_Fauna/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Protura/descrss.xml">
		Science, Biology, Flora and Fauna, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Protura, desc
		Top: Science: Biology: Flora_and_Fauna: Animalia: Arthropoda: Insecta: Protura: desc:
	www.bluegrassdavinci.com /ODP/Science/Biology/Flora_and_Fauna/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Protura/desc (52 words)

	Grzimeks Animal Life Encyclopedia
		They are now classified in the subphylum Hexapoda, and are characterized by having three body regions (head, thorax, and abdomen) and a three-segmented thorax bearing six legs.
		The orders Protura, Collembola, and Diplura, formerly considered insects, now make up the class Entognatha.
		Entognaths have mouthparts recessed into the head capsule, reduced Malpighian tubules (excretory tubes), and reduced or absent compound eyes.
	www.wordtrade.com /science/lifescience/grzimeksanimallifeencyclopedi.htm (16285 words)

	Wingless and Proud of It: Protura, Diplura, Collembola, Microcorphia, Thysanura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Wingless and Proud of It: Protura, Diplura, Collembola, Microcorphia, Thysanura
		Sharov (1966) supports a polyphyletic interpretation elevating Protura, Diplura, and Collembola to rank of class
		One such stamp that does is a 1972 Antarctica set that has a collembolan!
	entomology.unl.edu /lgh/insectid/lec08_apterygota.htm (659 words)

Proturan : Protura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)

Proturan : Protura
article at Free Euro Online Encyclopedia

Proturans (order Protura) are one of the three hexapod groups that are not insects.

It uses material from the wikipedia article Proturan : Protura.

www.eurofreehost.com /pr/Protura.html (121 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)

Topic: Protura

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