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	Westphalia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Westphalia (German: Westfalen) is a region in Germany, centred on the cities of Dortmund, Gelsenkirchen, Münster, Bielefeld, and Osnabrück and included in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony.
		Originally Westphalia was a part of the Duchy of Saxony, until it was elevated to the rank of a duchy by Emperor Barbarossa in 1180.
		The present state of North Rhine-Westphalia is composed of the former Prussian province of Westphalia, the northern half of the former Prussian Rhine Province, and the former state of Lippe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Westphalia (315 words)

	Westphalia, Michigan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Westphalia is a village in Clinton County in the U.S. state of Michigan.
		The village is within Westphalia Township in the western portion of Clinton County, about 8 miles north of Interstate 96 on county roads and about 25 miles northwest of Lansing.
		Westphalia was founded in 1836 by a group of German settlers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Westphalia,_Michigan (418 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Westphalia
		It is bounded on the northwest and north by the Netherlands and Hanover, on the east by Schaumburg-Lippe, Hanover, Lippe-Detmold, Brunswick, Hesse-Nassau, and Waldeck, on the south and southwest by Hesse-Nassau, on the west by the province of the Rhine and the Netherlands.
		In the earliest era the province was inhabited by the German tribes of the Sicambri, Bructeri, Marsi, and Cherusci.
		The western part of the province between the Weser and the Lower Rhine appears from about the year 800 in the historical sources under the name of Westphalia, while the district on both banks of the Weser was called Engern, and the district between the Weser and the Elbe bore the name of Eastphalia.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15601b.htm (3520 words)

	Westphalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Westphalia is roughly the region between the Rhine and Weser located north of the Ruhr river.
		Originally Westphalia was a part of the of Saxony until it was elevated to the of a duchy by emperor Barbarossa in 1180.
		Westphalia is known for the 1648 Peace of Westphalia (in fact the two treaties of and Osnabrück) which ended the Thirty Years' War.
	www.freeglossary.com /Westphalia (444 words)

	Westphalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Originally Westphalia was a part of the duchy of Saxony, until it was elevated tothe rank of a duchy by emperor Barbarossa in 1180.
		The northernmost portions ofthe former Westphalia, including the town of Osnabrück, were ceded to thestates of Hanover and Oldenburg.
		The present state of North Rhine-Westphalia iscomposed of the former Prussian province of Westphalia, the northern half of the former Prussian Rhine province, and the formerstate of Lippe.
	www.therfcc.org /westphalia-69815.html (290 words)

	Westphalia -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Originally Westphalia was a part of the (Click link for more info and facts about Duchy of Saxony) Duchy of Saxony, until it was elevated to the rank of a duchy by Emperor (Barbary pirate (died in 1546)) Barbarossa in 1180.
		The northernmost portions of the former Westphalia, including the town of (Click link for more info and facts about Osnabrück) Osnabrück, had become part of the states of (The English royal house that reigned from 1714 to 1901 (from George I to Victoria)) Hanover and (Click link for more info and facts about Oldenburg) Oldenburg.
		Westphalia is known for the 1648 (The peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648) Peace of Westphalia (in fact the two treaties of Münster and Osnabrück), which ended the (Click link for more info and facts about Thirty Years' War) Thirty Years' War.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/W/We/Westphalia.htm (373 words)

	Westphalia, Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Westphalia, Germany German WESTFALEN, historic region of northwestern Germany, comprising (with the former state of Lippe) the present federal Land (state) of North Rhine-Westphalia and parts of the LSnder (states) of Lower Saxony and Hesse.
		The Kingdom of Westphalia, which he created for his brother J*rªme, was made up largely of Prussian and Hanoverian possessions between the Weser and the Elbe rivers and the greater part of electoral Hesse; its capital was Kassel.
		In 1946 the province of Westphalia, together with Lippe, was incorporated in the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia (q.v.).
	www-personal.umich.edu /~jeda/Westphalia.htm (445 words)

	Westphalia - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Westphalia (in German, Westfalen) is a (historic) region in Germany, centred on the cities of Dortmund, Münster, Bielefeld, and Osnabrück and now included in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia (and the (south-)west of Lower Saxony).
		The northernmost portions of the former Westphalia, including the town of Osnabrück, were ceded to the states of Hanover and Oldenburg.
		Present-day common use, however, restricts the notion to the present northern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, because of the name.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Westphalia (294 words)

	DORTMUND - LoveToKnow Article on DORTMUND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		, a town of Germany, the chief commercial centre of the Prussian province of Westphalia, on the Emscher, in a fertile plain, 50 m.
		Among its ancient buildings must be mentioned the Reinoldikirche, with fine stained-glass windows, the Marienkirche, the nave of which dates from the 11th century, the Petrikirche, with a curious altar, and the Dominican church, with beautiful cloisters.
		Through the cession of Westphalia by the king of the Netherlands, on the 31st of May 1815, it became a Prussian town.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /D/DO/DORTMUND.htm (949 words)

	Westphalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The archbishops of Cologne received Westphalia as a duchy in 1180, but the duchy was in fact confined mainly to the area just north of Cologne.
		Numerous other political entities grew up in the region of Westphalia, among them the bishoprics of Münster, Paderborn, Osnabrück, and Minden; the countships of Waldeck, Schaumburg, Lippe, Ravensberg, and Mark (with Limburg); the imperial city of Dortmund; and the abbey of Essen.
		In 1946 the province of Westphalia, together with Lippe, was incorporated in the Land of North Rhine–Westphalia (q.v.).
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/Westphalia/Westphalia.html (436 words)

	Encyclopedia: Westphalia
		The Kingdom of Westphalia is a historical state in present-day Germany that existed from 1807-1813.
		The Rhineland (Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany.
		The victory of Gustavus Adolphus at the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) The Thirty Years War was a conflict fought between the years 1618 and 1648, principally in the Central European territory of the Holy Roman Empire, but also involving most of the major continental powers.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Westphalia (1045 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - PADERBORN: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The decree regulating their position, promulgated at the end of the seventeenth century by Bishop Hermann Werner von Metternich, continued in force until the foundation of the kingdom of Westphalia under Jerome, brother of Napoleon I. A supplementary edict of the elector Clemens August on their legal condition was proclaimed Feb. 3, 1718 (or 1719).
		In 1808, however, when the kingdom of Westphalia was founded, the Jews were placed upon an equal footing with the other citizens.
		By the decree of March 31 of that year they were given a consistory of their own which was invested with the supervision of divine service, of the public schools, and of the charitable and philanthropic institutions.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=6&letter=P (1142 words)

	SHP-History
		The Franciscan Province of the Sacred Heart was canonically established by decree of the general minister of the Order of Friars Minor, Most Reverend Bernadine of Portu Romantino.
		The friaries of Sacred Heart Province on the west coast and in Arizona were canonically established in the Province of St. Barbara.
		James Ryan, O.F.M, of Sacred Heart Province, missionary in Brazil since 1943, was appointed ordinary of the prelature of Santarem; and on April 9, he was consecrated titular bishop of Margum by Cardinal Stritch in Chicago.
	www.thefriars.org /history.html (1415 words)

	Westphalia Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Germany, centred on the cities of Dortmund, Münster, Bielefeld, and Osnabrück and included in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony.
		Originally Westphalia was a part of the Duchy of Saxony, until it was elevated to the rank of a duchy by Emperor Frederick I, Holy Roman EmperorBarbarossa in 1180.
		The northernmost portions of the former Westphalia, including the town of Osnabrück, had become part of the states of Hanover (state)Hanover and Oldenburg (state)Oldenburg.
	www.echostatic.com /index.php?title=Westphalia (298 words)

	North Rhine-Westphalia - Simple English Wikipedia
		It is in the western Germany and has 18,060,000 inhabitants.
		1817 — Westphalia became a province of Prussia.
		1946 — Rhine Province, Westphalia and Lippe-Detmold united to North Rhine-Westphalia.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia (124 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Muenster
		Diocese in the Prussian Province of Westphalia, suffragan of Cologne.
		The population, 13,000 at the beginning of the nineteenth century, rapidly increased with the growth of commerce and traffic, and, as capital of the Province of Westphalia, the quiet cathedral city developed into an important centre of traffic for North-Western Germany.
		The 408 parishes of the diocese are distributed in 22 deaneries, of which 12 are in Westphalia, 8 in Rhenish Prussia, and 2 in Oldenburg.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10634b.htm (5053 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: WESTPHALIA, TX
		Westphalia is dissected by State Highway 320, the shortest state highway in Texas, in western Falls County.
		In the summer of 1879 several immigrants from the Westphalia province in Germany moved from Frelsburg, Texas, into the area.
		By 1933 the population was 100; it was 300 in 1964, and in 1990 it was estimated at 324.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/WW/hlw27.html (329 words)

	News articles for Westphalia, Missouri (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Since 1648, when the Treaty of Westphalia created the principle that sovereign states, and therefore their sovereign heads, are both legally and morally...
		If a retired steel worker from the Westphalia region of Germany wants to show his grandsons where he used to work, he may be faced with a slight dilemma.
		The Schwarz family, headed by one Henry, was from the German province of Westphalia.
	www.linkmorgue.org /united_states/full/Missouri/Westphalia.html (1437 words)

	Münster Information - TextSheet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The town was recaptured in 1535; the Anabaptists were tortured to death, their dead bodies were exhibited in cages, which hung from St. Lamberti's steeple.
		The signing of the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 at Münster and Osnabrück guaranteed the future of the prince-bishop and the diocese; the area was to be exclusively Roman Catholic.
		It became the capital of the Prussian province of Westphalia.
	www.digicoaster.sferahost.com /encyclopedia/m/mu/munster_1.html (278 words)

	Westphalia 1945-1946 (Germany) # fahnenversand.de - Fahnen Flaggen Fahne Flagge Nationalflaggen Nationalflagge Shop ...
		That was the case of the province of Westphalia.
		The 1945 flag of Westphalia differed from the flag of the same province adopted in 1882 and still used during the Republic of Weimar: the flag had the coat of arms of the province in the canton.
		We could think that the provinces of Rhineland, Hannover, Brunswick, Schaumburg-Lippe, Oldenburg, the Free State of Lippe etc. used their pre-war flags, with some light modifications, like in the case of Westphalia.
	www.fahnenversand.de /fotw/flags/de-nw_wf.html (284 words)

	Place: Westphalia, Michigan
		Westphalia Township is in western Clinton County, Michigan, about 15 miles southwest of St. Johns and 20 miles northwest of Lansing, the state capitol.
		Legislatively, Westphalia Township was created March 21, 1839 from part of Watertown Township.
		Father Kopp suggested the name Westphalia in honor of its settlers who came from the German province of Westphalia.
	home.hiwaay.net /~mvoisin/gen/place/plawestph.html (654 words)

	Westphalia - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Development of Double Qualification Courses in Secondary Schools in North Rhine Westphalia
		From Knights to Pioneers: One German Family in Westphalia and Missouri
		Westphalia Place Name Indexes (with Hohenzollern, Lippe, Schaumburg-Lippe, and Waldeck): Identifying Place Names Using Alphabetical and Reverse Alphab
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /westphalia.htm (387 words)

	Encyclopedia: Westphalia, Michigan
		Westphalia is a village located in Clinton County in the U.S. state of Michigan.
		Westphalia Township is a township located in Clinton County in the U.S. state of Michigan.
		Capitol Building Lansing is the capital city of the U.S. state of Michigan, located mostly in Ingham County; a small portion extends into adjacent Eaton County.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Westphalia,-Michigan (924 words)

	Province of Saxony
		The Province of Saxony was a Prussian province between the Napoleonic Wars of 1815 and 1947.
		The Province of Saxony was one of the richest regions of Prussia with highly developed agriculture and industry.
		districts ("Regierungsbezirke") - usually two or three per province **Counties ("Kreise") - around 30 - 40 per province ***Civil registration districts ("Standesämter"), similar to a township - usually 5 - 10 per Kreis.
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/p/pr/province_of_saxony.html (164 words)

	Talk:North Rhine-Westphalia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The northern part of the former Westphalia including OsnabrueckOsnabrück is a part of Lower Saxony.
		Osnabrück was a part of Westphalia before 1815, but afterwards these northern parts were divided between Oldenburg and Hanover and did never become a part of the Prussian province of Westphalia.
		I will add more details on this to the Westphalia article.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:North_Rhine-Westphalia (286 words)

	Westphalia - St. Johns Independent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The settlement of the village of Westphalia and Westphalia Township is unique due to one simple fact - its first white inhabitants were almost entirely German immigrants, many of whom came to the United States from the same region, the province of Westphalia.
		That frame church building that served the first settlers was crowded to capacity by the 1860s, giving way to the construction of a new brick church that was competed in 1869 - and the name changed to St. Mary's.
		One of the darkest days in the history of Westphalia was April 20, 1959 when Old St. Mary's with a seating capacity of 800 parishioners burned to the ground.
	www.miserybay.com /sjindy/random/towns/west.shtml (328 words)

	Westphalia-Lippe (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe is basically congruent with the borders of the former Prussian Westfalen province.
		The Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe uses a traditional flag for special occasions (the flag is prescribed in the statutes of 1986).
		It is the flag used by the former Prussian province of Westfalen, a bicolour white over red.
	www.flagspot.net /flags/de-nw-wl.html (176 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Westphalia@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Westfalen, region and former province of Prussia, W Germany.
		After 1945 the province was incorporated into the West German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, now a state in reunified Germany.
		The region of Westphalia occupies, roughly, a triangle formed by a line drawn eastward from the Rhine River at the Dutch border to the Weser River at Minden, a line drawn from Minden southwestward to Siegen (near the border with Hesse), and a line drawn to the northwest from Siegen and parallel to the Rhine.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:Westphal&ctrlInfo=Round15%3AProdCtrl%3ADocG%3APrint&ao=&print=yes (104 words)

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