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Topic: Proximal convoluted tubule

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	Nephron - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Agonal resorption of the contents of the proximal tubular contents after interruption of circulation in the capillaries surrounding the tubule often leads to disturbance of the cellular morphology of the proximal tubule cells, including the ejection of cell nuclei into the tubule lumen.
		Fluid in the filtrate entering the proximal convoluted tubule is reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries, including approximately two-thirds of the filtered salt and water and all filtered organic solutes (primarily glucose and amino acids).
		This hypotonic filtrate is passed to the distal convoluted tubule in the renal cortex.
	en.wikipedia.org /?title=Nephron (1777 words)

	The Urinary System
		The squamous parietal epithelium is continuous with the proximal convoluted tubule at the urinary pole (the point at which the proximal convoluted tubule joins the renal corpuscle).
		The proximal convoluted tubule follows a tortuous course in the vicinity of the renal corpuscle from which it originated and will be cut in cross section many times.
		The macula densa is a region of the distal tubule adjacent to the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle.
	ect.downstate.edu /courseware/histomanual/urinary.html (1619 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		contor´tus dista´lis distal convoluted tubule: a distal, convoluted part of the ascending limb of the renal tubule, extending from the distal straight tubule to the connecting tubule.
		rec´tus dista´lis distal straight tubule: part of the renal tubule that is primarily on ascending limb and extends from the thin tubule to the distal convoluted tubule.
		rec´tus proxima´lis proximal straight tubule: part of the descending limb of the renal tubule that extends from the proximal convoluted tubule to the thin tubule.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_t_22zPzhtm (3739 words)

	[No title]
		In the proximal convoluted tubule all the glucose and amino acids are recovered by active transport across the tubular epithelium.
		In the distal convoluted tubule the movement of sodium, potassium and hydrogen ions are actively transported by a carrier mediated mechanism under the control of aldosterone.
		The cells of the distal convoluted tubule and afferent arteriole of a nephron are in close contact and are modified to a structure called the macula densa.
	www.nvo.com /jin/homepage4 (3188 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The predominant tubule in this field and within the kidney cortex is the proximal convoluted tubule.
		A macula densa of the distal convoluted tubule is at the left.
		The solitary dark-staining tubule at the left represents a straight portion of the proximal convoluted tubule.
	www.georgetown.edu /dml/educ/micro/urin/urin.txt (1192 words)

	General Biology 2, lecture on Homeostasis
		In the thick region of the ascending limb Na is actively pumped from the tubule to the tissue fluid in the upper medulla.
		The osmotic potential of the filtrate decreases as the filtrate in the ascending limb moves from the inner medulla to the distal convoluted tubule.
		Approximately 65 -75% of the water and salts in the filtrate are reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule.
	www.usd.edu /biol/genbio/153/ken/kr10.html (2280 words)

	Kidney Cortex
		Identify the proximal convoluted tubule and observe its histological characteristics: eosinophilic, cuboidal or pyramidal shaped cells, rounded nuclei and the presence of a brush border on the luminal surface of the cells.
		Here the distal tubule is modified to form the macula densa ("dense spot"), an area where human DCT cells are taller, their nuclei closer together, and they have a darker appearance (in the rat kidney, the cells of the macula densa are flatter).
		The descending limb (or proximal straight tubule) of Henle's loop has histological characteritics similar to the proximal convoluted tubule while the ascending limb (or distal straight tubule) is histologically similar to the distal convoluted tubule.
	www3.umdnj.edu /histsweb/lab15/lab15kidneycortex.html (1673 words)

	Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Microscopic Anatomy: Section 12: Urinary System
		The distal straight portion of the proximal tubule is in continuity with the thin limb of the loop of Henle, which extends into the kidney medulla and returns as the thick limb to the cortex.
		The distal tubule and the collecting duct are engaged primarily in the regulation of acid-base and potassium ion balance in the blood.
		The distal convoluted tubule cells do not have numerous microvilli but rather are characterized by infoldings of their basal cell membrane forming compartments containing mitochondria.
	www.anatomyatlases.org /MicroscopicAnatomy/Section12/Section12.shtml (1441 words)

	Introduction
		The squamous epithelium of the outer parietal layer of the capsule is continuous with the cuboidal epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.
		The proximal convoluted tubule becomes straight towards the renal medulla and is known as the descending limb of the loop of Henle.
		The thin region is closest to the loop of Henle and is composed of squamous epithelium.
	www3.umdnj.edu /histsweb/lab15/lab15introduction.html (1695 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Recall the parts of this tubule: nephron plus collecting duct, with the nephron consisting of the renal corpuscle (that is, the glomerulus and glomerular capsule), proximal convoluted tubule, loop of the nephron, and distal convoluted tubule.
		Finally, we review which parts of the uriniferous tubule are confined to the renal cortex (renal corpuscle, proximal and distal convoluted tubules), which are confined to the renal medulla (long loops of nephrons), and which are located in both the cortex and medulla (collecting ducts).
		Loop of the nephron Recall that the short, first part of this loop is structurally identical to a proximal convoluted tubule, and the last part (the thick segment of the ascending limb) is identical to the distal convoluted tubule.
	www.wsu.edu /~jmallatt/biol315/Lecture35Apr14,2006.doc (2416 words)

	Laboratory Twenty: Urinary System
		Cells of the macula densa are located in the wall of distal convoluted tubule adjacent to the vascular pole.
		Distal convoluted tubules have cuboidal epithelial cells that lack brush borders and have their nuclei situated near its apical surface.
		Compare the distribution of the tubules as one proceeds from the base of the pyramid (near the cortex of the kidney) to the apex of the pyramid (projects toward the calyx).
	medinfo.ufl.edu /year1/histo/review/lab20.html (1531 words)

	URINARY SYSTEM
		The nephron is composed of: (1) the glomerulus, a tuft of capillaries, which produces the glomerular filtrate, housed in the renal corpuscle; followed by a series of tubules, specialized for excretion and reabsorption, including (2) the proximal convoluted tubule, (3) the descending and ascending loop of Henle, and (4) the distal convoluted tubule.
		The glomeruli and the proximal and distal convoluted tubules are found in the cortex.
		The distal convoluted tubules differ from the proximal tubules in that: (1) the total diameter of the tubule is smaller, (2) but, the cells are lower producing a larger lumen, (3) the cells are less acidophilic, and (4) the cells do not have a brush border (Distal Tubules).
	lifesci.rutgers.edu /~babiarz/kid.htm (845 words)

	Role of Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3 in nephron function: micropuncture studies with S3226, an inhibitor of NHE3 -- Vallon et ...
		and fluid reabsorption in proximal tubule (1, 2, 5, 7).
		proximal tubular SFP in response to an increasing loop of Henle
		Expression of NHE-3 in the apical membrane of rat renal proximal tubule and thick ascending limb.
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/278/3/F375 (3185 words)

	Distal convoluted tubule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct system.
		and absorbing Na Sodium absorption by the distal tubule is mediated by the hormone aldosterone.
		Histologically, cells of the DCT can be differentiated from cells of the proximal convoluted tubule:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Distal_convoluted_tubule (223 words)

	NDI Terminology - tubule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		distal convoluted tubule - A distal, rolled-together or coiled part of the ascending limb of the renal tubule (see below), extending from the distal straight tubule (see below) to the junctional (connecting) tubule (see below).
		proximal convoluted tubule - The most proximal part of the renal tubule (see below), extending from the glomerular capsule to the proximal straight tubule (see below).
		proximal straight tubule - Part of the descending limb of the renal tubule (see below), extending from the thin tubule (see below) to the distal convoluted tubule (see above).
	www.ndif.org /Terms/tubule.html (309 words)

	Novel amiloride-sensitive sodium-dependent proton secretion in the mouse proximal convoluted tubule -- Choi et al. 105 ...
		on the apical membrane of the proximal convoluted tubule (16,
		proximal convoluted tubules from wild-type mice and mice with
		Maturation of the Na+/H+ antiporter (NHE3) in the proximal tubule of the hypothyroid adrenalectomized rat
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/105/8/1141 (3411 words)

	SIU SOM Histology CRR
		The length of a proximal convoluted tubule tends to be several times greater than that of a distal convoluted tubule, so sections of proximal tubules are much more common than those of distal tubules in a typical histological slide of renal cortex.
		The epithelium of the initial descending segment of the loop of Henle is similar to that of the proximal convoluted tubule, and is sometimes called the pars recta of the proximal tubule (in contrast to the convoluted pars convoluta).
		The macula densa is a patch of densely-packed epithelial cell nuclei along the distal convoluted tubule, adjacent to the afferent arteriole at the vascular pole of the corpuscle from which the tubule arose.
	www.siumed.edu /~dking2/crr/rnguide.htm (4384 words)

	Anatomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The proximal tubule carries out much of the active reabsorption of solutes present in the filtrate.
		The lumen of the tubule has many microvilli (MV) which dramatically increase the area available for membrane transfer.
		The cells are also packed with mitochondria supplying energy for the active transport processes; it has been calculated that about 50% of the kidney's energy needs go on the active transport of sodium back out of the filtrate in the proximal tubule.
	www.le.ac.uk /pathology/teach/va/anatomy/case4/kid3b.html (76 words)

	Urinary system
		It is a tubule that consists of different regions which handle the glomerular filtrate conserving valuable salts, water, proteins.
		The proximal tubule then changes to squamous epithelium which passes down to the medulla and then loops back up to the cortex.
		They are distinguished from proximal tubules by the fact that they have a smoother apical surface.
	cellbio.utmb.edu /microanatomy/kidney/kidney.htm (2047 words)

	Maturation of rabbit proximal straight tubule chloride/base exchange -- Shah et al. 274 (5): 883 -- AJP - Renal ...
		Tubules were incubated for at least 30 min before initiation of the control period.
		Proximal straight tubules were perfused with a high-chloride solution simulating late proximal tubular fluid and bathed in a serumlike albumin solution.
		Sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride absorption by the proximal tubule.
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/274/5/F883 (2703 words)

	THE VERTEBRATE KIDNEY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Reabsorption of water continues as the filtrate moves along the tubule to the descending limb of the loop of Henle.
		For example, the distal tubule plays a key role in regulating the K+ concentration of body fluids, especially by varying the amount of the K+ that is secreted into the filtrate.
		The distal tubule also contributes to pH regulation, by the quantitative secretion of H + and by the reabsorption of bicarbonate (НС03-), an important buffer in the blood and interstitial fluid.
	ex-anatomy.org /renal.html (1050 words)

	Insulin-induced Stimulation of Na+,K+-ATPase Activity in Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells Depends on Phosphorylation of the ...
		Proximal tubules or OK cells were incubated at 37°C for various times in 1 ml oxygenated (95% O
		Proximal tubules were lysed in immunoprecipitation buffer without protease inhibitors.
		Proximal tubules were preincubated for 30 min at 37°C without or with stimulators.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/10/9/2847 (6170 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A process where much of the water and all that is deemed 'good' is reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule.
		Water readily reenter the proximal convoluted tubule because of the osmotic gradient caused by the proteins in the remaining blood (and reabsorbed solutes) and because there is little hydrostatic pressure to oppose the movement.
		The proximal convoluted tubule is the primary structure that does this, but the loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct get heavily involved too, depending upon what is being reabsorbed.
	www.mrs.umn.edu /~goochv/HAP/lectures/kidney/kidney.html (1329 words)

	Urinary System
		f) cortex enriched in renal corpuscles (round structures), convoluted tubules and rays of straight tubules (medullary rays), the region between the straight tubules is called the cortical labyrinth
		-distal convoluted tubule of nephron touches its renal corpuscle at the macula densa
		iii) includes the macula densa of convoluted, distal tubule, juxtaglomerular cells of the afferent arteriole, and extraglomerular mesangial cells which are all in close proximity at the jga
	anatomy.iupui.edu /courses/histo_D502/D502f04/lecture.f04/urinaryf04/urinaryf04.html (1687 words)

	Histology BIOL 4000 - Excretory System - Lecture Notes 14
		The cortical labyrinths consist of many bowman's capsules, and proximal and distal convoluted tubules and have a "tortuous appearance.
		The collecting tubules and papillary ducts are not areas of reabsorption, but simply act to transfer the urine to the calyces.
		one surrounding the proximal and distal convoluted tubules and
	www.auburn.edu /academic/classes/zy/hist0509/html/Lec14Excretorysystem.html (1297 words)

	PCT (proximal convoluted tubule) - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		PCT (proximal convoluted tubule) - General Practice Notebook
		The glomerular filtrate passes first into the proximal convolute tubule.
		Oxbridge Solutions Ltd® is an independent company owned by the authors which does not receive income from any other organisation or individual.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/1617625128.htm (138 words)

	IngentaConnect Early segmental changes in ischemic acute tubular necrosis of the... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Therefore a quantitative morphological technique was applied for evaluation of the early structural changes in different fractions of the proximal convoluted tubule in the rat renal cortex.
		In male pentothal-anesthetized Wistar rats (body weight 200–250 g) ischemia of the right kidney was obtained by clamping (clamp diameter 0.15 mm) the ipsilateral renal artery for varying periods of time (10 min to 6 h) followed by removal and instant freezing of the kidney in isopentane at -165 °C and subsequent freeze-substitution in alcohol.
		In the segments of the proximal convoluted tubules of the nephrons, presence of nuclear pyknosis, places of denuded basement membranes and presence of exfoliated tubular cells were counted.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/mksg/apm/2004/00000112/00000003/art00005 (337 words)

	Alwanza: Healthcare: Urinary System Tutorial
		The purpose of the renal corpuscle is to extract the renal filtrate (it is not yet to be called urine) from blood.
		Peritubular Capillaries: The network of capillaries surrounding the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule.
		absorption of some plasma and nutrients from the renal filtrate by the peritubular capillaries from the proximal and distal convoluted tubules and the loop of Henle (aka tubular reabsorption).
	www.alwanza.com /healthcare/urinaryInfo.html (1123 words)

	[No title]
		Reabsorption occurs via two ways Mandatory Reabsorption (80%) — in proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) Facilitated Reabsorption (20%) — in collecting duct (CD) Mandatory Reabsorption Sodium pumps are found in the lipid bilayer of the PCT.
		The afferent and efferent arterioles, Bowman’s capsule (and glomerulus), and proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) are located in the renal cortex.
		The ascending limb enters into the cortex again and meets the distal convoluted tubule and attaches to the collecting duct, which enters into the medulla and attaches to the pelvis.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /~bio336/renal1.doc (596 words)

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