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Topic: Proximal phalanges

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Napoleon I of France

	Hand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The phalanges do not really have individual names but are named after the digit, and their distance from the body.
		Distal phalanges are at the tips of the fingers and toes, the proximal phalanges are closest to the hand (or foot) and articulate with the metacarpals or metatarsals.
		The ungual phalanges, in form, resemble those of the fingers; but they are smaller and are flattened from above downward; each presents a broad base for articulation with the corresponding bone of the second row, and an expanded distal extremity for the support of the nail and end of the toe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phalanges (1320 words)

	Appendicular Skeleton
		Orientation: the head is proximal and medial; the rounded, distal condyle (the capitulum) is anterior; the deeper distal fossa is posterior.
		Orientation: the carpals are proximal and the phalanges are distal.
		Orientation: the tarsals are proximal and the phalanges are distal.
	bio.winona.edu /dapkus/211/skeletal/appskel.htm (2680 words)

	II. Osteology. 6b. 3. The Phalanges of the Hand. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The ungual phalanges are convex on their dorsal and flat on their volar surfaces; they are recognized by their small size, and by a roughened, elevated surface of a horseshoe form on the volar surface of the distal extremity of each which serves to support the sensitive pulp of the finger.
		Ossification of the proximal extremity commences in the bones of the first row between the third and fourth years, and a year later in those of the second and third rows.
		In the ungual phalanges the centers for the bodies appear at the distal extremities of the phalanges, instead of at the middle of the bodies, as in the other phalanges.
	www.bartleby.com /107/56.html (735 words)

	Hand and Finger Model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The heads of proximal and middle phalanges are bicondylar and the cross-sectional shapes of the phalangeal shafts are semicircular; dorsal side is circular and the palmar side is almost flat.
		The bones of the proximal row are the scaphoid (boat shaped), the lunate (half-moon shaped), the triquetrum (triangle shaped), and the pisiform (pea shaped).
		The surfaces of the proximal sides of the middle and distal phalanges are concave and the distal convex.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/j/u/jus149/handfinger/handandfinermodel/handfingermodel.htm (2171 words)

	Bone of the Upper Limb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Because nerves are in contact with the humerus, the axillary, radial, and ulnar nerves may be injured in fractures of the humerus.
		Traumatic separation of the proximal epiphysis of the humerus can occur in young persons because this epiphysis does not fuse with the body of the humerus until about 18 years of age in females and 20 years of age in males.
		The proximal phalanges are the longest and the distal ones are the shortest.
	www.geocities.com /medinotes/uppbone.htm (1272 words)

	IV. Myology. 7e. The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Forearm. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		Opposite the bases of the first phalanges each tendon divides into two slips to allow of the passage of the corresponding tendon of the Flexor digitorum profundus; the two slips then reunite and form a grooved channel for the reception of the accompanying tendon of the Flexor digitorum profundus.
		427), formed behind by the phalanges and in front by strong fibrous bands, which arch across the tendons, and are attached on either side to the margins of the phalanges.
		It acts principally on the proximal phalanges, the middle and terminal phalanges being extended mainly by the Interossei and Lumbricales.
	www.bartleby.com /107/125.html (4326 words)

	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 496
		The Interossei dorsales are abductors from an imaginary line passing through the axis of the second toe, so that the first muscle draws the second toe medialward, toward the great toe, the second muscle draws the same toe lateralward, and the third and fourth draw the third and fourth toes in the same direction.
		The Interossei plantares adduct the third, fourth, and fifth toes toward the imaginary line passing through the second toe, and by means of their insertions into the aponeuroses of the Extensor tendons they assist in flexing the proximal phalanges and extending the middle and terminal phalanges.
		The Lumbricales, like the corresponding muscles in the hand, assist in flexing the proximal phalanges, and by their insertions into the tendons of the Extensor digitorum longus aid that muscle in straightening the middle and terminal phalanges.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page496.html (567 words)

	[No title]
		The flexor carpi unlaris and radialis insert on the proximal phalanges of 2,3 and 5 and function in flexion of the wrist.
		The middle three phalanges contain synovial sheaths that start at the level of the proximal phalanges and cover the tendons throughout the length of the phalanges.
		The radial half of the 2nd phalange is supplied by the radial artery as is the thumb.
	www.med.unc.edu /~kimplera/classes/anatomy/ul5.doc (701 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Fxns: flexes middle phalanges at the proximal interphalangeal joints of medial four digits; flexes proximal phalanges at the metacarpophalangeal joints and hand.
		Fxns: flex the 1st distal phalanx of the thumb, 2nd proximal phalanx and 1st metacarpal.
		Trauma to the median nerve at the elbow results in loss of flexion of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints and the metocarpophalangeal joints of the second and third digits (actions of the flexor carpi superficialis and profundus).
	www.med.unc.edu /wms/firstaid/ga-Lab7.doc (2471 words)

	Laguna Medical Systems
		The five bones proximal to the phalanges are the metacarpals.
		The joints between the forearm and proximal row of carpals are the radiocarpal and ulnocarpal joints, and the joint between the proximal and distal rows of carpals is the mid-carpal joint.
		To begin the procedure, the surgeon harvests a segment of the iliac crest and sculpts it to replace the amputated proximal and distal phalanges of the thumb.
	www.lagunamedsys.com /edgearchive/feature051599.htm (3978 words)

	Ape. Apes - Introduction, Genera.
		Its pollex reaches but very little beyond the proximal end of the first phalanx of the index of the hand (slightly further than in the chimpanzee), and its hallux to about the distal end of the proximal phalanx of the index of its foot.
		The fingers and toes, however, are curiously syndactyle, being bound together by the integument to the ends of the proximal phalanges.
		The hallux is well developed, reaching to the middle or end of the proximal phalanx of the index of the foot while the pollex only attains to, or reaches a little beyond, the proximal end of the proximal phalanx of the index of the hand.
	www.1902-encyclopedia.com /A/APE/ape-1.html (5740 words)

	Acrocapitofemoral dysplasia: an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia with cone shaped epiphyses in the hands and hips ...
		The metacarpals and proximal and middle phalanges are short with mild cupping of the metaphyses and attached small epiphyseal ossification centres.
		epiphyses, varus deformity of the tibia, irregular proximal
		Phalangeal cone-shaped epiphyses of the hand: their natural history, diagnostic sensitivity, and specificity in cartilage hair hypoplasia and the trichorhinophalangeal syndromes I and II.
	jmg.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/40/3/201 (2535 words)

	RADIOLOGY OF THE PHALANGES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In this section we will show examples of proximal phalangeal fractures that involve the body of the bone - those fractures that involve only the proximal articular margin of the bone will be discussed with the fetlock joint.
		The fracture is only in the proximal phalanx - this appearance is the result of superimposition of the articular surface of the proximal phalanx (dotted line indicates the palmar aspect of the articular surface) with the distal third metacarpus.
		The cysts may occur adjacent to any joint but are most typically seen in the distal articular surface of the proximal phalanx, proximal articular suface of the middle phalanx and at the articular surface of the distal phalanx.
	www.upei.ca /~vca341/equinelimbs/phalanges.html (7050 words)

	Tropical Medicine Central Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Deep constricting bands are present and there is marked atrophy and resorption of the proximal and middle phalanges of the little toes.
		Tapering and spindling of the residual shafts of the proximal phalanges are apparent.
		There is greater resorption of the proximal and middle phalanges of the left toe than of the right, where smooth concentric resorption of a lesser degree is noted.
	tmcr.usuhs.mil /tmcr/chapter37/imaging3.htm (526 words)

	Proximal phalanges - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Proximal phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates.
		In other vertebrates, proximal phalanges have a similar placement in the corresponding limbs, be they paw, wing or fin.
		In many species, they are the longest and thickest phalanx ("finger" bone).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Proximal_phalanges (101 words)

	Clinical and radiological assessment of a family with mild brachydactyly type A1: the usefulness of metacarpophalangeal ...
		Shortness is most apparent in all middle, the proximal and distal 1st phalanges, and the 4th and 5th metacarpals.
		They are small overall with particular shortness of the 2nd and 5th middle phalanges, and to a lesser degree of the 1st and 2nd distal phalanges and of the 5th metacarpals.
		They are small with variable shortness of the 2nd-5th middle phalanges, of the 1st proximal and distal phalanges, and of the 4th and 5th metacarpals, with early fusion and cone shaped deformities of the affected epiphyses.
	jmg.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/37/4/292 (2257 words)

	Leprous osteitis presenting as bone cyst and erosions
		Radiography of the hands and feet showed lytic lesions in the distal epimetaphyseal region of proximal phalanx of the right fifth finger and left second finger and erosion of distal end of proximal phalanges of both second toes.
		Radiography of the hands showed lytic lesions in the distal epimetaphyseal region of proximal phalanx of the right fifth finger and left second finger and erosion of distal end of proximal phalanges of both second toes (figs.
		The presence of epithelioid cells and giant cells in the FNAC specimen could be probably because the patient had begun his disease 11 years prior in the borderline tuberculoid spectrum (suggested by the morphology of the initial patches) and subsequently downgraded to the lepromatous pole in the absence of treatment.
	dermatology.cdlib.org /101/case_presentations/leprosy/thappa.html (1476 words)

	eMedicine - Hand, Anatomy : Article by Bünyamin Sahin, DVM, PhD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		From lateral to medial, the proximal row consists of the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform bones.
		While the distal end of the sheath is attached to the base of the distal phalanx, the proximal end is open and allows the entrance of the long tendons to the fingers, to form an osseofibrous tunnel for the tendons.
		Each tendon splits into 2 slips at the level of the shaft of the proximal phalanges to pass over the flexor digitorum profundus tendon and insert onto the radial and ulnar sides of the middle phalanges for each of the 4 fingers.
	www.emedicine.com /plastic/topic296.htm (5283 words)

	Names of the bones
		Their proximal ends articulate with the carpals while their distal ends make joints with the phalanges at the "knuckles" of your fist.
		The proximal tarsal articulates with the tibia and fibula, while the distal tarsals articulate with the metatarsals.
		The articulate with the patellar surface of the femur.
	bio.winona.edu /dapkus/211/skeletal/textwo.htm (8450 words)

	Appendicular Skeleton: Hand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A phalanx attatched to a Metacarpal is called a proximal phalanx.
		The four phalanges in the fingers that are connected to both a distal and proximal phalanx are called middle phalanges.
		There are 5 metcarpals that connect to proximal phalanges and carpals.
	www.shockfamily.net /skeleton/HAND.HTML (111 words)

	Palm of the Hand
		there are a total of 14 phalanges in the hand; the thumb has two phalanges (proximal and distal) and each of the other digits has three phalanges (proximal, middle and distal); phalanx means "line of soldiers"
		the base of the proximal phalanx articulates with the head of the corresponding metacarpal bone; the base of the middle or distal phalanx articulates with the head of the next proximal phalanx
		posterior border of the ulna, proximal two-thirds of medial border of ulna, interosseous membrane
	anatomy.uams.edu /AnatomyHTML/palm.html (1992 words)

	Manus page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The proximal row is comprised of three bones; the intermedioradial, ulnar, and accessory
		Two proximal sesamoid bones are located on the palmar aspect of each metacarpophalangeal joint (digits II - V).
		PHALANGES: Phalanges is the plural of the Greek phala[n]gx, the name given by Aristotle to the bones of the fingers and toes because they are arranged in ranks suggesting the military formation favored by the Greek warriors in battle.
	www.vet.purdue.edu /courses/bms/Osteology1/Canine/Manus/Manus.htm (432 words)

	[No title]
		Bones and Landmarks A. Head of metacarpals and phalanges (distal) B. Base of metacarpals and phalanges (proximal) IV.
		Fibrous band that spans the wrist on the anterior surface, (M-L) a.
		palmar carpal ligament (1) proximal & superficial (2) from styloid process of radius and ulna and crosses the flexor tendons (3) keeps tendons in place b.
	www.clt.astate.edu /slesh/2342lp10.txt (746 words)

	Figure 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Figure 5 Comparison of manual phalanges and claws of Eomaia scansoria to those of scansorial and arboreal placentals (lateral view of digit 3), a Tree shrew Tupaia (scansorial, after refs 40 and 41).
		Comparison to manual phalanges of didelphid marsupials (digit 3; proximal and intermediate phalanges in ventral view; claw in lateral view).
		The proximal phalanges standardized to the same length; percentage represents the length ratio of the intermediate to the proximal phalanges; scale varies among taxa.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v416/n6883/fig_tab/416816a_F5_lgnd.html (133 words)

	eMedicine - Fractures, Hand : Article by William R Fraser, DO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		These fractures usually are splinted with a padded aluminum splint extending from the volar proximal phalanx and curving around the fingertip to the proximal dorsal phalanx.
		Transverse fractures of the proximal phalanx are usually unstable fractures, as interosseous muscles pull proximal fragments in a volar direction and central slip pulls the distal fragments dorsally.
		Comminuted fractures of the head of the middle and proximal phalanges may be treated with closed reduction and immobilization.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic197.htm (3508 words)

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