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	Austro-Prussian War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Prussian statesman Otto von Bismarck became chancellor of Prussia in 1862, and immediately began a policy focused on uniting Germany as a Kleindeutschland under Prussian rule.
		Prussian Chief of the General Staff Helmuth von Moltke had planned meticulously for the war, and chose to mostly ignore the minor states in favor of a concentration against Austria.
		The on August 23, 1866 resulted in the dissolution of the German Confederation, Prussian annexation of Schleswig-Holstein, Hanover, Hesse-Kassel, Nassau, and Frankfurt, and the exclusion of Austria from German affairs.
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Austro-Prussian_War (866 words)

	Franco-Prussian War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Prussian army was commanded by Field-Marshal Helmuth von Moltke and the Prussian General Staff.
		The Prussian army was unique in Europe for having the only General Staff in existence, whose sole purpose was to direct operational movement, organise logistics and communications and develop the overall war strategy.
		General Frossard's II Corps and Marshal Bazaine's III Corps crossed the German border on August 2 1870 and evicted the Prussian 40th Regiment of the 16th Division from the town of Saarbrücken.
	www.bexley.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Franco-Prussian_War (5795 words)

	Laying the Foundations for a Modern State
		Prussians worried about the alien influence of the Pope generally, and specifically about the influence of the church in encouraging Poles to maintain their own language and culture.
		At the same time, aristocratic East Prussian landowners violated national policy by employing Poles resident in Russia as migrant agricultural workers during the planting, growing and harvesting season, and then sending them back to Russia during the rest of the year when their labor was not needed.
		The Prussian government revised its school policy in 1859 and an Oberrealschule, with a modern technical curriculum, and a Realgymnasium, with a compromise curriculum, emerged with public funding to stand alongside the gymnasium.
	www.gwu.edu /~edpol/manuscript/chap5-1.htm (3373 words)

	Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		With the growth of German cultural nationalism in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, most German-speaking Prussians came to consider themselves to be part of the German nation, often underlining what were seen as the Prussian virtues: perfect organization, sacrifice, the rule of law.
		From the late 18th century the expanded Prussia dominated North Germany politically, economically and in terms of population size, and was the core of the unified German Empire formed in 1871.
		During this period the great Prussian military machine and efficient state bureaucracy were founded, institutions which were to form the foundations of the German state until 1945, and (in some respects) of the GDR after that.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prussia (2243 words)

	Confederate Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Confederations tend to be established for dealing with critical issues, such as defense, foreign affairs, foreign trade, and a common currency, with the central government being required to provide support for all members.
		A confederation in modern political terms, is usually limited to a permanent union of sovereign states for common action in relation to other states.
		The term "confederation" is thus used as a synonym of "federation." Confederations can be unstable, as was the case with the early United States in which dissatisfaction with the loose Articles of Confederation led to a much stronger central government under the Constitution of the United States.
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/52/confederate-notes.html (1088 words)

	German Confederation. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		As it was constituted, the confederation was little more than a loose union for mutual defense.
		The strong reactionary influence of the Austrian statesman Metternich, backed by Prussia, dominated the confederation until 1848, when the liberal revolutions that swept Germany resulted in the creation of the Frankfurt Parliament.
		By the treaty agreed upon at Olmütz (Olomouc), Austrian leadership was temporarily restored, but the Austro-Prussian War (1866) led to the dissolution of the confederation and the establishment of the North German Confederation under Prussian leadership.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ge/GermanCo.html (289 words)

	Thirteen Years' War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After negotiating the exact conditions of incorporation, the King agreed and on March 6 1454 delegates of Prussian Confederation stated that whole of Prussia pledged allegiance to the Polish King.
		Noblemen, angered by the disruption of the harvest and the unconventional form of the call, massed near the village of and demanded from the king several privileges, which were granted in the September 14 1454.
		The last East Prussian city loyal to the Polish king, Knipawa, was taken after a long siege by Teutons commanded by Heinrich Reuss von Plauen (older) on June 14 1455.
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Thirteen_Years'_War (5107 words)

	Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		From the late 18th century the expanded Prussia dominated North Germany both politically, economically and in terms of population size, and was the core of the unified German Empire formed in 1871.
		During this period the formidable Prussian military machine and efficient state bureaucracy were founded, institutions which were to form the foundations of the German state until 1945, and (in some respects) of the GDR after that.
		In the Soviet Zone of Occupation, which became the German Democratic Republic in 1949, the former Prussian territories were reorganised into the states of Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt, with the remaining parts of Pomerainia going to Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/p/pr/prussia.html (2115 words)

	Franco-Prussian War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The French ambassador in Prussia issued a further demand to the Prussian King Wilhelm I of GermanyWilhelm I — to guarantee that no Hohenzollern would ever be a candidate for the Spanish throne.
		The Prussian army was commanded by Field-Marshal Helmuth Karl Bernhard von MoltkeHelmuth von Moltke and the German General StaffPrussian General Staff.
		However, the Prussian artillery was superior for they had the all-steel Krupps breech-loading gun which was the shape of modern artillery to the battlefield.
	www.infothis.com /find/Franco-Prussian_War (4390 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The French ambassador in Prussia issued a further demand to the Prussian King Wilhelm I — to guarantee that no Hohenzollern would ever be a candidate for the Spanish throne.
		However, the National Guard and the workers of Paris refused to accept defeat, blaming the conservative government for failing to organise effective national resistance, and seized control of the French capital on March 18, establishing the Paris Commune.
		While the war united Germany under the Prussian crown, France became a republic (February 1875) in which memories of the Commune continued to divide left and right.
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=Franco-Prussian_War (2451 words)

	The Franco-Prussian War and Immediate Aftermath (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Particularly after the 1867 Luxembourg Crisis, when the North German Confederation kept the France from acquiring the autonomous Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, war between the established French state and the rising German federation was widely thought to be inevitable.
		An ill-written French denunciation was matched by a Prussian distortion, and soon the French Empire and the North German Confederation -- joined by the south German states of Baden, Württemburg, and Bavaria -- were preparing for war.
		At that northern Alsatian town, the main French army was crushed and the Emperor Napoléon III himself captured by the Prussian and Baden forces.
	www.ahtg.net /TpA/frpruswar.html (424 words)

	German Confederation
		German Confederation, 1815–66, union of German states provided for at the Congress of Vienna to replace the old Holy Roman Empire, which had been destroyed during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
		(1866) led to the dissolution of the confederation and the establishment of the
		Kohl takes on topic A; by unveiling a scheme for the "confederation" of the two Germanys, he pushes a delicate issue to the fore.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0820620.html (371 words)

	Prussia - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In March 1440, the Hanseatic cities of Gdansk, Elblag and Torun founded the Prussian Confederation with other Prussian cities to free themselves from the overlordship of the Teutonic Knights.
		The four Prussian dioceses of Pomesania, Ermeland or Warmia, Culmer Land and Samland had been under the jurisdiction of the archbishop of Riga since 1245 and from 1539 to 1561 under Wilhelm, Margrave of Brandenburg, a member of the Hohenzollern family.
		The eastern parts of the pre-war Prussian state had been made parts of Poland and the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference, when the Odra-Nysa line was established as the new border between Poland and Germany.
	openproxy.ath.cx /pr/Prussia.html (2293 words)

	Articles - Austro-Prussian War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		There, the Prussian armies led personally by King Wilhelm converged, and the two sides met at the Battle of KÃ¶niggrÃ¤tz (SadovÃ¡) on July 3.
		Prussian peace with Austria-Hungary forced the Italian government to seek an armistice with Austria, on 12 August.
		The Treaty of Prague on August 23, 1866 resulted in the dissolution of the German Confederation, Prussian annexation of Schleswig-Holstein, Hanover, Hesse-Kassel, Nassau, and Frankfurt, and the exclusion of Austria from German affairs.
	www.worldhammock.com /articles/Austro-Prussian_War (836 words)

	Prussian Confederation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On February 21, 1440, a group made up of individuals from the Prussian cities, gentry and clergy, formed the Prussian Confederation (German Preussischer Bund, Polish: Związek Pruski), under the leadership of the Hanseatic cities Gdańsk (Danzig), Elbląg (Elbing), and Toruń (Thorn).
		The cities and gentry of Prussia tried to obtain independence from the Teutonic Knights who, after the conquest of Prussia and Polish Pomerania, had ruled the area for two hundred years.
		In February 1454 the Prussian Confederation rose against the Teutonic order's rule, accepting the protection of king Casimir IV (Polish: Kazimierz IV) of Poland in return for a guarantee of their continued city rights and privileges for gentry.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prussian_Confederation (190 words)

	Prussia (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The national name Prussia (in Prussian: Prusa, German: Preußen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian Prūsai, Latin: Prussia or Borussia) was used by a wide variety of political factions during the 2nd millennium.
		At different times it has denoted a geographical region, a dukedom, a Polish province, a Polish fief, a kingdom under Brandenburg's rule which became the leading kingdom of the German Empire (comprising in its last form almost two-thirds of the Germany's area) and as republic state of Germany.
		Royal Prussia and Ducal Prussia forming together the Prussian province of Poland, 15th century-1660
	www.lexington-fayette.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Prussian (236 words)

	BISMARCK MEMORIAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		As a delegate to Prussia's first diet, he emerged as one of the most rigid conservatives; at the outbreak of the Revolution of 1848 he rushed to Berlin, urging King Frederick William IV to suppress the uprising.
		His advice was ignored, but his loyalty was rewarded by his appointment in 1851 as Prussia's representative to the German Confederation, a league of the 39 German states.
		Faced with these achievements, the Prussian Parliament bowed to him and retroactively sanctioned his financial improvisations of the preceding four years.
	sangha.net /messengers/bismark.htm (739 words)

	Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The national name Prussia (in Prussian: Prusa, Preussische & German: Preußen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian Prusai, Latin: Pruthenia or Borussia) was used by a wide variety of political factions during the 2nd millennium.
		At the end of the 1st century the Prussian settlements were divided into tribal domains, separated from one another by uninhabitated areas of forest, swamp and marsh.
		When the Prussians attempted to re-take their own territory, Conrad called on the pope and the emperor for a Crusade.
	usapedia.com /p/prussia.html (2502 words)

	PRUSSIA FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Being predominantly a northern and eastern German state, Prussia had a large Protestant majority, although there were substantial Roman_Catholic populations in the Rhineland, while a number of districts in Posen, Silesia, West_Prussia, and the Warmia and Masuria regions of East_Prussia had populations of predominantly Catholic Poles.
		In 1862 Prussian King William I appointed Otto_von_Bismarck as Prime_Minister_of_Prussia.
		In the Soviet Zone of Occupation, which became East_Germany in 1949, the former Prussian territories were reorganised into the states of Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt, with the remaining parts of Pomerainia going to Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.
	velocipay.com /Prussia (2102 words)

	Austro-Prussian War. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		It was deliberately provoked by Bismarck, over the objections of his king, in order to expel Austria from the German Confederation as a step toward the unification of Germany under Prussian dominance.
		The pretext for precipitating the conflict was found in the dispute between Prussia and Austria over the administration of Schleswig-Holstein.
		The German Confederation was replaced by the Prussian-led North German Confederation.
	www.bartleby.com /65/au/AustroPr.html (383 words)

	Grudziadz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the 1912 Reichstag elections, 21% of the votes were given to Polish candidates, while the National Liberal Party of Germany got 53% of all votes.
		On the January 23 1920, after nearly 150 years under Prussian sovereignty, Grudziądz came under the sovereignty of the newly reborn Polish republic.
		A large economic potential, the existence of important institutions like Pomeranian Tax Office or Pomeranian Chamber of Industry and Trade were of a great influence on the fact, that for many years of the between-wars period, Grudziądz was said to be with no doubt the economical capital of the Pomeranian Voivodship.
	www.tuxedo-shop.com /search.php?title=Grudziadz (435 words)

	Note-Taking
		he Prussian king, however, had no desire either to be compromised by association with the Frankfurt liberals, who would have attempted to envelop their united Germany with a constitution and representative assembly; that is, put restraints on the monar ch.
		When this was refused, Bismarck next provoked the French government by releasi ng to the (558) press a report deliberately edited by him to achieve the desired effect, that the French in their negotiations with William I had insulted the king who in turn snubbed the French ambassador.
		The rapid defeat of France completed Bisma rck's crusade for German unification (or rather Prussian expansion) when the southern states, in the flush of victory, joined the Confederation to create the new German Empire under William I with Bismarck as his prime mi nister.
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~jobrien/general/ob108.html (1971 words)

	Myessay2e (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Prussian king Wilhelm I, appointed otto von Bismark prime minister in 1862.
		In the first, Austria and Prussia, in the name of the German Confederation, took territory from Denmark.
		Bismark established the North German Confederation under Prussian leadership.
	www.historyteacher.net /EuroProjects/myessay2e.htm (234 words)

	North German Confederation -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		German Norddeutscher Bund, union of the German states north of the Main River formed in 1867 under Prussian hegemony after Prussia's victory over Austria in the Seven Weeks' War (1866).
		Berlin was its capital, the king of Prussia was its president, and the Prussian chancellor was also its chancellor.
		Under the “iron chancellor,” Otto von Bismarck, Germany grew from a weak confederation of states to a powerful empire.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9056200?tocId=9056200 (1026 words)

	Elblag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In 1440 the eastern Prussian cities formed the Prussian Confederation (Preussische Bund), which led the successful rising (1454) of Prussia against the rule of the Teutonic Order.
		The Prussian Confederation asked King of Poland Casimir IV of Poland for help in their struggle against the Teutonic Knights.
		On the request of the confederation Casimir IV annexed Prussia and this led to the Thirteen Years War.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/el/Elblag.htm (1956 words)

	Prussia in History and Prussian Historic Events in the Arkansas Encyclopedia Encyclopedia of Arkansas Arkansas History ...
		In its various forms, the national name Prussia (Prussian: Prusa, German: Preußen, Polish: Prusy) has been used by a wide variety of political entities during the 2nd millennium.
		The historical identity of Prussia proper lies within the Baltic borders of the Prussian amber coast (from Hel to Klaipedia).
		The Prussian parts of the pre-war Brandenburg-Prussian state were made parts of Poland and the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference, when the Oder-Neisse line was established as the new border between Poland and
	rageontheriver.8m.com /partagas.html (1869 words)

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