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Topic: Prussian Minister of War

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	Prussian Minister of War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Prussian War Ministry was gradually established between 1808 and 1809 as part of a series of reforms initiated by the Military Reorganization Commission created after the disastrous Treaty of Paris.
		The War Ministry was to help bring the army under constitutional control, and, along with the General Staff systematize the conduct of warfare.
		Gerhard von Scharnhorst, the most prominent and influential of the reformers, served as acting war minister from roughly 1808 until 1810 (he was also Chief of the General Staff).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prussian_Minister_of_War (141 words)

	Kingdom of Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The invasion was the first shot of the War of the Austrian Succession (Silesia was to have passed to the rulers of Brandenburg on the extinction of its Piast dynasty according to a bilateral arrangement of 1537, subsequently vetoed by the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I).
		This war was a desperate struggle for the Prussians, and the fact that they managed to fight much of Europe to a draw bears witness to Frederick's military skills.
		Königsberg was the coronation city of the Prussian kings, and the Kingdom of Prussia may be held only to have existed in the Hohenzollern lands outside of the Empire.
	www.bexley.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Kingdom_of_Prussia (1129 words)

	Encyclopedia: Franco-Prussian War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The war began over the possible ascension of a candidate from Prussia's Hohenzollern royal family to the Spanish throne, which was opposed by France.
		A prime minister may be either: chief or leading member of the cabinet of the top-level government in a country having a parliamentary system of government; or the official, in countries with a semi-presidential system of government, appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of...
		The Prussian army was unique in Europe for having the only General Staff in existence, whose sole purpose was to direct operational movement, organise logistics and communications and develop the overall war strategy.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Franco_Prussian-War (12044 words)

	Franco-Prussian War. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		War preparations were pushed on both sides, with remarkable inefficiency in France and with astounding thoroughness in Prussia.
		The military conduct of the war was, for the Germans, in the hands of Helmuth Karl Bernhard von Moltke, a military genius.
		In the war’s aftermath, Thiers was named chief of the executive power in France, and provision was made for the election of a French national assembly, which met at Bordeaux.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fr/FrancoPr.html (806 words)

	Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		During this period the formidable Prussian military machine and efficient state bureaucracy were founded, institutions which were to form the foundations of the German state until 1945, and (in some respects) of the GDR after that.
		Frederick William II led Prussia into war with revolutionary France in 1792, but was defeated at Valmy and was forced to cede his western territories to France.
		At the end of World War I, the idea of breaking up Prussia into smaller states was considered, but eventually traditionalist sentiment prevailed and Prussia became the "Prussian Free State" (Freistaat Preußen), by far the largest state of the Weimar Republic, comprising 60% of its territory.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/p/pr/prussia.html (2115 words)

	GI -- World War II Commemoration
		When the outcome of war was regarded to be the judgment of heaven, or the vanquished were regarded as being abandoned by the gods, such doctrines were used as justification for the cruel treatment of the defeated.
		Although subsequently further refined by various international conventions--for example, the Geneva Prisoner of War Convention of 1929 and the Geneva conventions of 1949--the Hague Regulations of 1907 (as they are called for short) have continued to form the core of the law of war of the 20th century.
		War crimes can be punished, not only by the organs of the country of which the offender is a citizen--for example, a guard who tortures, or a camp commander who orders the torturing of, prisoners of war will in a civilized country be court-martialed by his own authorities--but also by the enemy.
	gi.grolier.com /wwii/wwii_warcrimes.html (4032 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Erich von Falkenhayn
		Erich Georg Anton Sebastian von Falkenhayn (1861-1922) was born in Graudenz, in West Prussia, on 11 November 1861.
		Upon his return to Germany, Falkenhayn continued to serve on the German General staff, and was appointed Prussian Minister of War in 1913.
		However, with the declaration of war in August 1914 and the German setback at the Marne, the Kaiser, Wilhelm II, dismissed Moltke and replaced him with Falkenhayn on 14 September 1914.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/falkenhayn.htm (516 words)

	List of German defence ministers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For pre-1919 Prussian Ministers of War, see Prussian Minister of War.
		Ministers of Defence of the German Democratic Republic, 1956-1990
		Ministers of Defence of the Federal Republic, 1955-present
	www.marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/List_of_German_defence_ministers (123 words)

	Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		From the late 18th century the expanded Prussia dominated North Germany politically, economically and in terms of population size, and was the core of the unified German Empire formed in 1871.
		During this period the great Prussian military machine and efficient state bureaucracy were founded, institutions which were to form the foundations of the German state until 1945, and (in some respects) of the GDR after that.
		In 1996 a proposal to merge Berlin and Brandenburg was rejected by Brandenburg voters, even though this was not seen as a decision relating to the revival of Prussia as a state but rather as an attempt to restore the old Brandenburg, since Berlin had never been a city-state before 1945.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Prussia (2183 words)

	Franco-Prussian War
		The Franco-Prussian war, which began in July of 1870, was a disaster for France.
		Many Parisians, watching from their rooftops, cynically assumed that Nadar was dropping advertisements for his photographic studio; but in fact the leaflets were propaganda tracts accusing the Prussians of barbarism for attacking refined Paris, the capital of civilization.
		The Prussians opened fire with artillery and rolling volleys of musketry as the balloon passed over their lines.
	www.oldnewspublishing.com /balloons.htm (993 words)

	war and social upheaval: Franco-Prussian War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The end of World War I is generally seen as the end of the German monarchies, but in fact the Prussians ended the patrimonies of many princely German families in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War.
		Prussian King Wilhelm IV was proclaimed Emperor Wilhelm I of a new united Germn Empire in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles (January 18, 1871).
		Prussian militarism had triumphed in Germany and was thus to be th foundation of the new German Empire and provide the foundation for German imperialistic ventures.
	histclo.hispeed.com /essay/war/war-fpw.html (3655 words)

	Origins of WWI
		The first war, which pushed the Ottomans out of one of their last footholds in the peninsula, was followed by one in which Serbia fought its neighbor Bulgaria for control of the territories the Ottomans had evacuated.
		Everyone remembered how the Prussians had overwhelmed the Austrians in 1866 and the French in 1870 because of their superior use of the railways to ferry large numbers of troops to the front with speed and efficiency.
		This was "war by timetable," and it depended on the railroads to deliver millions of men to the fronts on strict schedules.
	media.ucsc.edu /classes/thompson/history30c/02_originswwi.html (1995 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Alfred von Tirpitz (March 19, 1849 - March 6, 1930) was a German Admiral, Minister of State and Commander of the German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine) in World War I from 1914 until 1916.
		Despite the building program he felt the war had come too soon for a successful surface challenge to the Royal Navy, the fleet act of 1900 had included a seventeen year timetable.
		Over the war 345 new U-boats were constructed and even at the Armistice over 200 were under construction.
	www.online-encyclopedia.info /encyclopedia/a/al/alfred_von_tirpitz.html (371 words)

	Schaufenster Bundesrat - Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus (Preuß. Kriegsministerium)
		The palace of von Happe, the Prussian Minister of War, is constructed on the corner of Leipziger Straße and Wilhelmstraße.
		All properties except Leipziger Straße 7, are used by the Ministry of War.
		After the closure of the Ministry of War, the buildings are used by other authorities, such as the Industrial Tribunal (Wilhelmstraße 83 - 87) and the Ministry of Transport.
	www.bundesrat.de /schaufenster/en/detlevrohwedderhaus.html (623 words)

	The Prussians
		The contributing factor to all Prussian success was their superior organisational skills, without which they could not have achieved such rapid and decisive concentrations of manpower and material on the battlefield.
		All of this was not lost on the Prussian military who soon saw the potential offered by the railways in rapid mobilisation and concentration of their forces.
		Prussian plans for war against France had been prepared back in 1867, and had been revised and updated each year.
	battlefieldanomalies.com /spicheren/03.htm (787 words)

	'Generals win battles, resources win wars.' How far does your study of the period from 1792 to 1919 confirm this view?
		Furthermore there were different aims in the war which increased the south's chance of 'victory'; the north's aim was to defeat entirely the South, whereas in order to succeed the South only had to defend, to try and enforce the North to end its offensive.
		This is mainly because of two factors; their dependence, unlike the 'trench warfare' of the American Civil war of decisive battles and sieges, and also because of the fact that another brilliant military leader had emerged.
		This was the Prussian Minister of War, Moltke, and although maybe not on a par with Napoleon, he certainly proved critical to the Prussian successes.
	www.coursework.info /i/17710.html (745 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Prime Minister (Ministerpräsident) of Prussia existed in one form or another from 1792 until the dissolution of Prussia in 1947.
		When Prussia was an independent kingdom (until 1871) the Prime Minister functioned as the King's Chief Minister and presided over the Prussian Landtag (parliament).
		After the unification of Germany in 1871 until the collapse in 1918 the office of the Prussian Prime Minister was usually held jointly by the Imperial Chancellor.
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Prussia (179 words)

	Geoffrey Wawro on Franco-Prussian War & Iraq on National Review Online
		ven though this war is being fought 7,000 miles away with 21st-century technology amid the ziggurats of Ur and Babylon, the conflict that it most reminds me of is the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, a struggle full of lessons for American strategists today.
		Like American planners today, Otto von Bismarck — the Prussian chancellor and foreign minister — and General Helmuth von Moltke — the Prussian general staff chief — assumed that the "shock and awe" engendered by those crushing French defeats in the first weeks of the war would force the French government to the peace table.
		Before long, Prussian troops were greeted by French mayors everywhere they went; they stood on the outskirts of their towns to shoo away would-be guerrillas and welcome German troops.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/comment-wawro040203.asp (1021 words)

	Commission War Guilt
		The Bavarian Minister explains, moreover, that the only fear of the Berlin Government was that Austria-Hungary might hesitate and draw back at the last minute, and that on the other hand Serbia, on the advice of France and Great Britain, might yield to the pressure put upon her.
		Now, "the Berlin Government considers that war is necessary." Therefore, it gave full powers to Count Berchtold, who instructed the Ballplatz on the 18th of July, 1914, to negotiate with Bulgaria to induce her to enter into an alliance and to participate in the war.
		The war was premeditated by the Central Powers together with their Allies, Turkey and Bulgaria, and was the result of acts deliberately committed in order to make it unavoidable.
	web.mala.bc.ca /davies/H482.WWI/Commission.war.guilt.1919.htm (1624 words)

	Allenby, Edmund -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		In June 1917, in the midst of World War I, Gen. Edmund Allenby was put in charge of Great Britain's Palestine campaign.
		In 1915 an Ottoman army under German command attacked the British position on the Suez Canal, and from 1916 a British and imperial force based in Egypt, with a French contingent, undertook the invasion of Palestine.
		From 1913 to 1915 he was Prussian minister of war.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9272815?tocId=9272815 (769 words)

	Ezion-Geber's Home Page - Preussen Gloria - Prussia, the Glorious Legacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Prussian Police, which controlled 60% of Germany, including Berlin, was essential for the stability of the Reich.
		The Prussians were not subversive but intensely loyal to integrity and honour.
		All of this was forcibly crushed between 1944 and 1947 when the Prussian state was disbanded by the Allies and blamed for the war.
	www.nccg.org /ezion_geber/preussen3.html (1063 words)

	Bismarck Ems Telegram Franco-Prussian War
		By late 1866 most of northern Germany was brought within a Prussian dominated North German Confederation but several middle ranking southern German princely states were still largely independent but fearful of both Prussia and France.
		Fearing an encirclement by a Prussian led alliance, France opposed this candidacy of a Hohenzollern prince to replace Queen Isabella.
		France, which was hitherto seen as a most considerable military power, was soundly defeated by a Prussian led coalition of German forces within two months.
	www.age-of-the-sage.org /history/ems_telegram.html (738 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Walter Rathenau
		When war broke out in August 1914 (a war he believed would be lengthy) Rathenau approached Erich Falkenhayn, then Prussian War Minister, with a plan for centralised management and distribution of crucial war supplies.
		Falkenhayn quickly saw the sense of Rathenau's plan - which was in itself adapted from one prepared earlier by an AEG employee (von Mollendorf) - and Rathenau soon found himself appointed head of the KRA.
		He served as Minister for Reconstruction from 1919-21 and as Foreign Minister in 1922.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/rathenau.htm (368 words)

	Articles - Erich von Falkenhayn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1913, he became Prussian Minister of War, in which capacity he was one of the key players in the genesis of World War I when the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo took place.
		Eventually, either in the hope that a massive slaughter would lead Europe's political leaders to consider ending the war, or that losses would in the end be less harmful for Germany than for France, Falkenhayn staged a massive battle of attrition at Verdun in early 1916.
		As this was meant to occur along the lines of the genocide of the Armenians, it is fair to say that Falkenhayn prevented the eradication of Jewish settlements in Palestine.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Erich_von_Falkenhayn?mySession=2a5efbf77193a4d6603f70fd7cc6b00a (553 words)

	Articles - Franco-Prussian War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Napoleon III and Bismarck independently sought a suitable crisis to ferment, and in 1870 one arose.
		III corps was decimated by the incessant cavalry charges, losing over half its soldiers, while the French suffered equivalent numerical loses of 16,000 soldiers, but still held on to overwhelming numerical superiority.
		German troops continued to occupy parts of northern France and Parisian forts until the last payment of reparations was completed in September 1873, ahead of schedule.
	www.foreverc.com /articles/Franco-Prussian_War (6577 words)

	Prussian Minister of War -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The (A German inhabitant of Prussia) Prussian War Ministry was gradually established between 1808 and 1809 as part of a series of reforms initiated by the Military Reorganization Commission created after the disastrous (Click link for more info and facts about Treaty of Paris) Treaty of Paris.
		The War Ministry was to help bring the army under constitutional control, and, along with the (Military officers assigned to assist a senior officer in planning military policy) General Staff systematize the conduct of warfare.
		(Click link for more info and facts about Gerhard von Scharnhorst) Gerhard von Scharnhorst, the most prominent and influential of the reformers, served as acting war minister from roughly 1808 until 1810 (he was also Chief of the General Staff).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/P/Pr/Prussian_Minister_of_War.htm (271 words)

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