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	Kingdom of Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kingdom of Prussia (German: Königreich Preußen) was a kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and, from 1871, was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising almost two-thirds of the area of the Empire.
		Most of the Kingdom, aside from the provinces of East Prussia, West Prussia, and the Grand Duchy of Poznań, became part of the new German Confederation, which replaced the defunct Holy Roman Empire.
		With the abdication of Wilhelm II of Germany in 1918, the Kingdom of Prussia was dissolved and replaced with the Free State of Prussia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia (1123 words)

	Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kingdom of Prussia dominated northern Germany politically, economically, and in terms of population, and was the core of the unified North German Confederation formed in 1867, which became the German Empire or Deutsches Reich in 1871.
		The Prussian national and merchant flag (3:5) is parted fl, white and fl (1:4:1) shows in the white strife the eagle with a blue orb bound in gold and a scepter ending in another eagle.
		The Kingdom of Denmark was at the time in personal union with the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, both of which had close ties with each other.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prussia (6097 words)

	Prussia - MSN Encarta
		Modern Prussia was successively, with geographical modifications, an independent kingdom (1701-1871); the largest constituent kingdom of the German Empire (1871-1918); a constituent state, or land, of the Weimar Republic (1919-1933); and an administrative division, comprising 13 provinces, of the centralized German Third Reich (1934-1945).
		Frederick's son, Frederick William I, greatly increased the size of the Prussian army and rebuilt the organization of the state around the military establishment.
		Prussian fortunes rose after the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 that resulted in the fall of the French Empire.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761559027/Prussia.html (1035 words)

	CHAPTER VII. - DEATH OF PITT, TO THE PEACE OF TILSIT.
		The Prussian State was overthrown; its territory as far as the Vistula lay at the mercy of the invader; its King was a fugitive at Koenigsberg, at the eastern extremity of his dominions.
		The scene of hostilities was henceforward in Prussian Poland and in the Baltic Province lying between the lower Vistula and the Russian frontier.
		The unfortunate Prussian State, reduced to half its former extent, devastated and impoverished by war, and burdened with the support of a French army, found in the crisis of its ruin the beginning of a worthier national life.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Europe/00000018.htm (12197 words)

	History of GERMANY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The congress of Vienna has given Prussia extensive new lands around the Rhine and the Moselle (partly to protect the new kingdom of the Netherlands from French aggression), but these regions are isolated from the rest of Prussia, being separated by Hanover and other smaller states.
		Meanwhile other Prussian armies have been winning victories against Hanover in the west and against Bavaria (and other smaller states loyal to the German Confederation) in the southwest.
		They are a particularly welcome acquisition because they bridge the previous gap between the main Prussian kingdom and Prussian territories on the Rhine.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=2803&HistoryID=ac62 (3049 words)

	Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Modern Prussia was successively, with geographical modifications, an independent kingdom (1701–1871); the largest constituent kingdom of the German Empire (1871–1918); a constituent state, or land, of the Weimar Republic (1918–34); and an administrative division, comprising 13 provinces, of the centralized German Third Reich (1934–45).
		Frederick William centralized the administration of the duchy and assumed governing powers that were formerly exercised by the nobility and the town oligarchies.
		Frederick’s regime was noted as a model of “enlightened despotism.” Frederick William III succeeded to the throne in 1797 and with the aid of his ministers, Baron vom und zum Stein and Prince Karl August von Hardenberg, instituted a series of liberal reforms within the kingdom.
	historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..pr144200.a (936 words)

	Kingdom of Prussia 1701-1918 (Germany)
		When in 1660, the Duchy of Prussia became independent of Poland the way was opened to union with Brandenburg and thereby also the foundation of the Prussian state.
		In 1701, Prussia became a kingdom and from then till 1871, it was in a continuous stage of expansion until it came to be by far the largest German state, almost as large as all the others together.
		A white flag with a crowned Prussian eagle (a fl eagle with the letters FR [Fredericus Rex] on the breast) with scepter and orb.
	flagspot.net /flags/de-pr701.html (724 words)

	The Second Orleanist Kingdom (1871 to present)
		The most immediate concern of the Second Orleanist Kingdom was the establishment of a stable relationship with the new German Empire.
		In the first decades of the Second Orleanist Kingdom, the French government placed a high priority on the modernization of existing industry and the construction of new industrial centres.
		Under the 1872 Constitutional Law, the universal manhood suffrage established under the Second Republic was confirmed, and a Chamber of Deputies and a Senate were organized to serve as the governing bodies of the French state.
	www.ahtg.net /TpA/2ndorlki.html (999 words)

	The european revolution of 1848 - aftermath
		Austrian, Prussian, and Hessian, forces were called upon to defend the Assembly's proceedings against those protesting this acceptance of an armistice so deeply unwelcome to German national sentiment.
		Powerful sections of the local populations in both these situations tending to support the replacement of the former patchworks of traditional dynastic states of the Italian peninsula and the German lands as a necessary route towards the establishment of more powerful and more progressive states that were also associated with shared feelings of nationality.
		Similarly Cavour and Bismarck also got more than they bargained for in that the establishment of the Italian Kingdom and the German Empire were in practice associated with a lessening of the full acceptance of the personal sovereignty of dynastic rulers and a greater acceptance of popular national sovereignty.
	www.age-of-the-sage.org /history/1848/reaction.html (3684 words)

	[No title]
		These states were in northern Germany, sandwiched between Prussian territory in the east (Brandenberg, Silesia, Prussia proper), and in the west (the Rhineland, which was given to Prussia in 1815 by the reactionary victors the Napoleonic wars).
		The rump state of the Kingdom of Prussia, reduced by Napoleon to East and West Prussia, Pomerania as far west as the Oder River, and the Posen district of Poland, and confirmed in these borders in the post-Napoleonic peace settlemtn, is subsidized by the Federalrepublik to remain neutral in the dispute.
		Prussian army easily rolled up the remaining Austrian units in Silesia, and invoking the memory of Frederick II, and the injustice of the post-Napoleonic peace settlement, reincorporated Silesia in the Kingdom of Prussia.
	www.alternatehistory.com /shwi/Federalrepublik.txt (1976 words)

	Baxter's EduNET - Time Machine
		In 1862, Otto von Bismarck is made minister president (equivalent of prime minister) of the Prussian kingdom.
		The Prussian army puts down the revolution and France is forced to sign a humiliating peace treaty, losing the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine.
		The kingdom of Bavaria and the other south German states join the Northern German Confederation to form a new German empire, called the Second Reich (the "first reich" was the empire of Charlemagne).
	www.edunetconnect.com /cat/timemachine/125wne.html (490 words)

	German Confederation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Confederation collapsed when the Kingdom of Prussia and Austria went to war in All the constituent states became part of German Empire in 1871 except Austria Liechtenstein and Luxembourg (see List of German Confederation member states).
		However the defeat of Napoleon enabled reactionary states such as the Kingdom of Prussia and Austria to survive laying the groundwork for Congress of Vienna the alliance that strove to oppose demands for change ushered in by the French Revolution.
		On March 15 1848 the subjects of Frederick William IV of Prussia thus vented their long-repressed political aspirations violent rioting in Berlin as barricades were erected all over French capital to contain urban combat between and the army.
	www.freeglossary.com /German_Confederation (2430 words)

	Prussian Army During the Napoleonic Wars.
		The Prussian infantry was magnificent, marching in calm and silent lines under a withering fire.
		The Prussians were shocked and insulted by the French victories, but they also saw them as proof of the superiority of France and her political culture.
		The idea behind the Prussian law was that every citizen who is physically capable of bearing arms thereby has the obligation to do so personally in defence of his country, during his years of military fitness.
	web2.airmail.net /napoleon/Prussian_army.htm (4137 words)

	[No title]
		The Prussian Crusade was one of the most significant events of the medieval era in East Central Europe.
		Although the heart of his empire was the kingdom of Germany, he was the ruler of a multinational empire, and he thought and acted on an international scale.
		It was this kingdom of Sicily, composed of Italy south of the Papal States and the island of Sicily, that was the principal obstacle to papal approval of either of the candidates elected by the German princes.
	department.monm.edu /history/urban/books/PrussianCrusade1.htm (8530 words)

	Decorations of the Kingdom of Bavaria
		The Kingdom of Bavaria was one of most important members of the German Empire, second only to Prussia in size and population.
		Bavaria was elevated to a kingdom and Elector Maximilian IV Joseph was proclaimed King of Bavaria as Maximilian I. The Bavarian Army joined Napoleon in his disastrous invasion of Russia and thousands of Bavarian soldiers died in the march on and retreat from Moscow.
		The principle orders and decorations of the Kingdom of Bavaria for military personnel were, for officers, the Military Order of Maximilian Joseph and the Order of Military Merit and, for non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel (including officer candidates), the gold and silver Military Merit Medals and the Military Merit Cross.
	home.att.net /~david.danner/militaria/bavaria.htm (1219 words)

	Prussian Language Reconstructions
		All testified Prussian words are provided with references to their sources, all reconstructed words having references to authors of the reconstruction.
		The latter became to be generalized on the stressed positions, too, in Prussian of the 13th c., and coincided with the back open /ā/ tending to be diphthongized under the stress parallelly to the diphthongized pronunciation of the stressed long /ē/ (Klusis, cf.
		In this section Prussian words are represented in the same generalized achronical spelling, as in the Dictionary; supposed forms are marked with the asterisk; for the attested spellings cf.
	www.suduva.com /prussian/reconstructions.htm (3036 words)

	Footnotes to Volume 9 of Marx Engels Collected Works
		Fearful of a national uprising and an extension of the revolution, Prussian ruling circles strove to come to terms with the King of Denmark in the course of the war, at the expense of all-German interests, and this also affected the war manoeuvres of the Prussian army.
		When speaking of the “victories” of the Prussian army, Engels is ironically referring to its savage reprisals against the popular movements in Anhalt-Bernburg in March 1848, in Mainz in May 1848 and its participation in suppressing the revolt in Frankfurt am Main in September 1848.
		The Prussian ruling circles were obviously preparing the armed suppression of the revolutionary-democratic movement in Prussia and the rest of Germany.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/cw/volume09/footnote.htm (18235 words)

	war and social upheaval: Franco-Prussian War
		Prussian King Wilhelm IV was proclaimed Emperor Wilhelm I of a new united Germn Empire in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles (January 18, 1871).
		Prussian militarism had triumphed in Germany and was thus to be th foundation of the new German Empire and provide the foundation for German imperialistic ventures.
		As it was, the Prussians annexed several German states such as Hanover, Schleswig-Holstein, Hessen-Kassel (Kur-Hessen), Nassau, a part of Hessen-Darmstadt aswell as the Free-city of Frankfurt/Main.
	histclo.com /essay/war/war-fpw.html (3655 words)

	Prussian Army-Medals of the Kingdom of Prussia
		With the occupation of Paris in 1814 by the Prussian army, 1,662 Pour le Mérite awards were presented with 1,470 being given to members of the Russian forces.
		Such contributions will be seen to promote the historical knowledge of the Prussian Armee, encourage greater participation by its officers, enhance their enjoyment in the Armee and in the club.
		The Prussian Army will recognize those officers of its Allies who likewise contribute to the growth of knowledge and enjoyment of club members through various means such as articles, modules, running tournaments and so forth.
	scott-ludwig.com /NWC/Prussia/medals.htm (2405 words)

	Wikinfo \| Danzig (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In 1440, Danzig joined the nearby Hanseatic cities of Elbing and Thorn to form the Prussian Confederation, which was supported by Casimir IV of Poland in its rebellion (February 1454) against the Teutonic Order's rule.
		Danzig was surrounded by the Prussian territories until 1793, when it was incorporated into the Prussian kingdom as part of the province of West Prussia, reverting under Napoleon Buonaparte to direct Prussian rule after a second brief period (1807-14) as a free city.
		From 1824 until 1878, East and West Prussia were combined as a single province under the Prussian kingdom.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Danzig (3060 words)

	Military Service
		Yet, it is clear that his duty to enlist in the Prussian army did effect the timing and method of his departure.
		When great-grandfather was born, Lingen was situated within the boundaries of the Kingdom of Hannover and by the early 1870's Hannover had been absorbed into the Prussian Kingdom.
		As Prussian military might was expanding so too was the exodus of young men immigrating to the Americas.
	www.efn.org /~marwes/en/varia/court.htm (337 words)

	German Regional Research, 1990 Borders
		Hessen-Homburg, the electorate of Hessen-Kassel, the duchy of Nassau, the district of Wetzlar [part of the former Prussian Rheinprovinz], and the principality of
		Rheinpfalz, of the southern portion of the Prussian Rheinprovinz, and of the principality of
		(includes the former Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein with Lauenburg [excluding Northern Schleswig], the free city of Lübeck, and the principality of Ratzeburg [grand duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz])
	www.genealogienetz.de /reg/ger1990.html (274 words)

	Manitowoc County, Wisconsin Genealogy : Family Histories Strodthof
		This area, Hanover, was an independent kingdom and was ruled by English sovereigns prior to 1837.
		It was incorporated into the Prussian kingdom in 1866 as a province.
		Hannover was an independent kingdom until 1866 when it was incorporated as a part of the Prussian kingdom by terms of the Peace of Prague.
	www.2manitowoc.com /strdhf.html (3412 words)

	All Empires History Forum: What are the best armies ever?
		Despite Friedrich not being the Great general, the robotic discipline, superior training and the "natural" predesposition of the Germans in the war business, brought the Prussian kingdom from a backwards ex-principality, to a major player in European business.
		All the qualities of the German (Prussian) tradition are here: Discipline, very good leadership in all ranks, great use of the advantages and disadvantages, great use of terrain, adoption to very rough conditions, extreme percistency (or even stubbornes) brought this army in a position to threaten the whole world.
		The Mongolian armies were also being defeated by the other Bulgarian kingdom (the Bulgaria today) for a while in the late 13th cent.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=2056 (2987 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - GC as Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Prussian army is pathetically small, but it is adequate for the job it is to undertake for the moment.
		Finally Warsaw falls into Prussian hands on the 22nd of June 1585; the city has been abandoned so hastily by the Polish court that they forgot to pack the crown jewels.
		Two other Prussian armies have begun besieging Thorn and Kolberg at this time, and Fredrick Wilhelm arrives at Thorn with his fl Leib guard and the Neumark and Jäger regiments at Thorn on the evening of 29th July the same year, after a forced march.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/printthread.php?t=167 (2461 words)

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