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	A.F. Pollard - A Short History Of The Great War - Chapter XII
		In spite of the disasters she had suffered in 1915 and of her winter campaigns in Galicia and the Caucasus, Russia was the first of the Allies to take the offensive in 1916.
		The campaign in Armenia was more successful, and on 18 April Trebizond passed securely into Russian hands, giving her a shorter route across the Black Sea and a better base for future operations in Asia Minor (see Maps, pp.
		Russia was not sufficiently furnished with munitions or trained men to provide for two great efforts on that front, and her summer campaign had failed of complete success largely because of the services it rendered to her allies.
	www.ibiblio.org /HTMLTexts/Albert_Frederick_Pollard/A_Short_History_Of_The_Great_War/chapter12.html (5521 words)

	1523. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The campaign succeeded in conducting raids in Austria but without forcing the main Habsburg army into battle.
		The two sides agreed to a peace (June 22, 1533), by which the Habsburgs abandoned their claims to Hungary except for the border areas they had originally occupied and agreed to pay an annual tribute to the sultan.
		Annexation of southern Bessarabia between the Pruth and the Dniester, following a campaign led by Sultan Suleyman against the rebellious vassal prince of Moldavia.
	www.bartleby.com /67/793.html (517 words)

	Memorials and Other Papers, vol 1
		He thought otherwise; and, managing the campaign after his own ideas, he speedily involved himself in quarrels, and his army, through the perfidy of a considerable officer, in ruinous embarrassments.
		This unhappy campaign is circumstantially narrated by Mr.
		The signal for insurrection was given in January, 1821; and Prince Ypsilanti took the field, by crossing the Pruth in March.
	manybooks.net /pages/dequinceyetext048memq10/259.html (265 words)

	Военная литература : История войн : Fugate B., Operation Barbarossa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Marcks's assignment was to "prepare the theoretical groundwork for an eastern campaign strictly on his own, without reliance on any other department of the general staff." Although Marcks was the first general outside the OKH to be charged with this responsibility, he was by no means the only officer to be working on the project.
		The end goal of the campaign was to be the Volga-Archangel line, and it was to be reached with a force of 105 infantry and 32 armored and mobile divisions, with two armies being held in reserve for the beginning phase (see Figure 5).
		Throughout the course of German strategic planning for the eastern campaign in 1940-1941, and especially after the abortive visit by Molotov to Berlin in November 1940, it became a consistent theme in the discussions of high-level military figures with Hitler that Germany had to settle conclusively with the Soviet Union in the immediate future.
	militera.lib.ru /h/fugate/02.html (9383 words)

	[No title]
		His armies, under his sons, carried on a series of campaigns against the Wahabites in Arabia, at first with varying success, but at last the power of those fierce sectaries was completely broken.
		On the other hand, the victorious progress of the Egyptian troops in Greece demonstrated that the European discipline could be acquired by Mohammedans as well as by natives of Christendom, and that the musket and bayonet were as effective in the hands of a Copt or Arab as in those of a Muscovite or Frank.
		Bosnia, a remarkably warlike and strongly Mohammedan province, sent no troops at all, and many of the officers whom he was obliged to employ were attached to the old order of things and were almost as bitter in their disaffection to the Sultan as in their antipathy to the Russian Giaours.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Mahmud.html (8533 words)

	Art History - History of Art - Art History in Ottoman Empire - Ottoman Art History
		Although the Venetians finally were pushed back in a naval campaign culminating in the Ottoman conquest of Crete (1669), they still posed a major threat that, like those which had occurred earlier in the century, stimulated the ruling class to accept needed reforms.
		A campaign was launched on Poland where the Cossacks were attacked and the castle at Kommaniche was taken.
		The river Pruth was agreed as the frontier between the two countries and Walachia and Moldavia returned to Turkey.
	www.easterncorner.com /Turkey.htm (6867 words)

	Peter Shafirov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Made a baron and raised to the rank of vice-chancellor, he displayed diplomatic talents of the highest order.
		During the unlucky campaign of 1711, he succeeded against all expectations in concluding the peace of the Pruth.
		Peter left him in the hands of the Turks as a hostage, and on the rupture of the peace he was imprisoned in the Seven Towers.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pyotr_Pavlovich_Shafirov (350 words)

	Military Instructions Frederick the Great George S. Patton Historical Society Library
		During the campaign in Silesia, all my cavalry lived on dry forage, but we only marched from Strehla to Schwiednitz (where there was a magazine,) and from thence to Cracau, where we were in the neighborhood of the Brieg and the Oder.
		He who at the opening of a campaign is the most alert in the assembling his troops, and marches forward to attack a town or occupy a post, will oblige his adversary to be regulated by his motions, and remain on the defensive.
		When a campaign is ended, we think of winter quarters, which must be arranged according to the circumstances in which we find ourselves.
	www.pattonhq.com /militaryworks/frederick.html (22047 words)

	Artemy Petrovich Volynsky - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He entered a dragoon regiment in 1704 and rose to the rank of captain ; then, exchanging the military service for diplomacy, he was attached to the suite of Vice- Chancellor Peter Shafirov.
		He was present during the Pruth Campaign, shared Shafirov's captivity in the Seven Towers and in 1715 was sent by Peter the Great to Persia to promote Russian influence there, and if possible to find an outlet to India.
		In 1718 Peter made him one of his six adjutant generals, and governor of Astrakhan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Artemy_Petrovich_Volynsky (424 words)

	Washingtonpost.com: One Town's Women Ask: 'Where Are Our Men?'
		As their relatives scoured the city today seeking news of their whereabouts, a recently freed prison inmate said that some of the men were taken out of Kosovo Saturday – the day NATO troops began arriving in the Serbian province – and are now being held in Serbia proper.
		Rrosi, who said he spoke to the men when they returned to the Pec prison from work details, added that many of the prisoners were beaten until they fainted and that they were fed only every other day during their last week in Pec.
		The street became full of people as the policemen moved from house to house; the crowd was then marched to the center of the city, where younger men were separated from women, children and the elderly.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/inatl/longterm/balkans/stories/djakovica061799.htm (1039 words)

	HIST 565 Sample Lesson - Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union
		Initial defeat in 1700 was soon recouped by successful campaigns around Lake Ladoga, which permitted the foundation of St. Petersburg in 1703 at the mouth of the Neva River.
		Despite the disastrous defeat on the Pruth by the Turks in 1711, Peter steadily worsted the Swedes and finally forced peace on them at Nystadt in 1721.
		The Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century, the "Age of Genius," was one of the hallmarks of modernity least developed in Muscovy and one Peter strove mightily to import.
	www.kuce.org /isc/previews/hist/hist565_lesson.html (1837 words)

	Sequel to Poltava
		He was later colonel of a French mercenary Dragoon Regiment captured in its entirety by the Swedes and joined the Swedish army.
		Was left in Poland during the Russian campaign in command of a Swedish army in support of Joseph Potocki and King Stanislaus.
		Baron in 1711 and commissioned major general, he was sent by Charles with Daldorff (see above) as military advisor along with soldiers and officers of the Swedish Royal Lifeguard to join the Ukrainian and Polish armies with the Turkish and Crimean Khanate troops in the east during the Pruth campaign.
	www.euronet.nl /users/sota/haggman.html (2957 words)

	Russo-Turkish Wars on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the Northern War (1700-1721) Sultan Ahmed III openly entered the conflict against Russia in 1710 and regained Azov by the Peace of the Pruth (1711).
		In 1806 the energetic Sultan Selim III deposed the Russophile governors of Moldavia and Walachia, an act that led to the Russo-Turkish War of 1806-12.
		This was brought to a close by Kutuzov's lightning campaign of 1811-12 and resulted in the gain of Bessarabia by Russia in the Treaty of Bucharest (1812).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/R/RussoT1ur.asp (907 words)

	Frederick The Great 1-11 Sun Tzu The Art of War and Strategy Site by Sonshi.com.
		Peruse with attention the two last campaigns of Turenne, for they are the chefs d'oeuvres of the stratagems of this age.
		As the method of making war by parties and detachments is fully laid down in my Military Regulation, I refer to that work all those who wish to refresh their memories, as it is a subject on which I have nothing farther to advance.
		To be informed of the method to oblige the enemy to make detachments, we have only to read over the glorious campaign of 1690, made by the Marshal de Luxembourg against the King of England, which concluded with the battle of Neerwinde.
	www.sonshi.com /frederickthegreat1-11.html (937 words)

	Denver Post Online: Books and Authors
		An old formula was adopted to cover for Peter's absence, be it on campaign or abroad, i.e., the appointment of a small group of deputies to attend services and ceremonials in his stead.
		The `campaign' presented Muscovites with a show of strength, as armies commanded by Fedor Romodanovsky, the `king of Presburg', and Ivan Buturlin, the `king of Poland', paraded through the city.
		Foreign engineering specialists were hired for the next campaign, in an effort to avoid such fiascos as mines planted on ramparts far away from the enemy blowing up 130 Russians without doing any damage to the Turks.
	extras.denverpost.com /books/chap168.htm (8603 words)

	CHAPTER XV. - GREECE AND EASTERN AFFAIRS.
		During the campaign of 1814 in France, Castlereagh's willingness to negotiate with Bonaparte was due in great part to the fear that Alexander's high-wrought resolutions would collapse before Napoleon could be thoroughly crushed, and that reaction would carry him into a worse peace than that which he then disdained.
		An international diplomatic campaign of vast activity and duration began in the year 1821, but the contest of arms was left, as Metternich desired, to the Greeks and the Turks alone.
		But this corps, which might have become the nucleus of a regular army, was sacrificed to the incapacity of the general and the treachery of his confederate.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Europe/00000026.htm (18516 words)

	Electronic Text Archive
		The last great struggles of Turks, Tartars and Poles on Moldadian soil occurred early in the seventeenth century, culminating in a great defeat of the Poles; the Peace of Hotin restored this city to Moldavia, in 1621.
		Entering Kilia with his army, in the campaign against Cantemir Mirza, he is petitioned by the Moldavians there resident to build them a church; and the inscription commemorating the consecration of the church of St. Nicholas, under "John Basil Voyevode, by the grace of God ruler of the land of Moldavia," is still in existence.
		A Roman Catholic traveler, Bishop Peter Stanislavoff of Nicopolis, was struck by the iron gates and drawbridges of Kilia.
	depts.washington.edu /cartah/text_archive/clark/bc_6.shtml (1274 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: William MacMichael: The Court at Bucharest, 1819
		It would seem, therefore, that the lapse of a century has made a great change in the political feelings of the natives of these countries, as may be inferred from their conduct in 1711, at the most critical period of the war carried on by Peter the Great against the Turks.
		The tents of the Grand Vizier were on the opposite side of the river; and the fate of the campaign might depend, in a great measure, on the decision of the people, in the centre of whose territory the hostile troops were assembled.
		But neither the example, nor the entreaties, of the accomplished Prince of Moldavia were able to shake the former attachment of his subjects; and they, as well as their neighbours, the inhabitants of Wallachia, espoused the party of the Grand Vizier, and abundantly supplied the Turkish camp with provisions.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1819buchrest.html (499 words)

	Ottoman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In lightning campaigns marked by the continued superiority of Ottoman field artillery, Selim I completes the conquest of Eastern Anatolia, Northern Iraq, Syria,Palestine, Egypt, and the Hicaz.
		The battle of Pruth against the Russians under the command of the Grand Vezir Baltaci Mehmed Pasha.
		According to a spicy tradition, Pasha surrounded Peter the Great's army but then let them avoid humiliation because he was "persuaded" by a secret nocturnal visit to his tent by the tsar's mistress (later empress) Catherine.
	www.theottomans.org /english/chronology/index.asp (1227 words)

	Austro-Hungarian Army - Oberleutnant Johann Mickl
		Returning to Landwehr Infanterieregiment Number 4 in May 1915 as an Oberleutnant (01 May 1915) he saw further action on the Pruth sector where he was again wounded on the 3rd of June whilst his company covered the withdrawal of the regiment.
		He took Panzerabwehr-Abteilung 42 into action during the Polish campaign in September 1939 and was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class.
		The 2nd Light Division was converted into the 7th Panzer Division on the 18th of October 1939 and under the command of Generalmajor Erwin Rommel achieved spectacular success in the 1940 campaign in the West.
	www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk /BIOG/mickl.html (1231 words)

	Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Theatres (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Yugoslav Army, which was only partly mobilized, at once opened its own campaign against the Italians in Albania and made progress for several days.
		Almost as soon as the regular campaign had ended, however, fugitive elements of the army, both pro-Royalist (Cetnik) and Communist (partisan), began guerilla operations from the mountain regions against the German occupation forces.
		The remainder of the campaign was fought by the British as a delaying action to cover their retreat to the ports of the Peloponnesus.
	www3.sympatico.ca /ergrenier/Med.html (2550 words)

	Mediterranean Sea 1914
		It then goes on to participate in the Dardanelles and Suez campaigns, in operations off Palestine and Syria, the landings at Salonika and later operations against the Greek Navy, the evacuation of the Serbian Army, and anti-submarine warfare against the German U-boats.
		Not content with this passive role, together with defending the flat Italian Adriatic coastline and supporting the land campaign in the northern reaches of the Adriatic, the Italians come to specialise in unconventional warfare with M.A.S.-type motor torpedo boats, caterpillar-tracked climbing boats, and frogmen.
		Of direct consequence, Turkey is brought into the war on the side of the Central Powers, which in turn leads to the Allied Dardanelles and Gallipoli campaigns with their aim of capturing Constantinople and knocking Turkey out of the war in one fell swoop.
	www.naval-history.net /WW1AreaMed1914.htm (2906 words)

	Catherine I
		She was with him during the campaign of the Pruth, and Peter always attributed the successful issue of that disastrous war to the courage and sang froid of his consort.
		She was with him, too, during his earlier Caspian campaigns, and was obliged on this occasion to shear off her beautiful hair and wear a close-fitting fur cap to protect her from the rays of the sun.
		Within a few months of this culminating triumph, she was threatened with utter ruin by the discovery of a supposed liaison with her gentleman of the bedchamber, William Mons, a handsome and unscrupulous upstart, and the brother of a former mistress of Peter.
	www.nndb.com /people/238/000095950 (645 words)

	Report #16, Institute of Current World Affairs
		The southern and western parts of what is now Romania were divided into two provinces; Moldavia, running north along either side of the Pruth River, and Wallachia, stretching west along the southern edge of the Transylvanian mountains.
		Romanians west of the Pruth River at first welcomed Russia's campaign for their "autonomy." But Romanian nationalists, such as the brothers Ion and Dumitru Bratianu, began to fear that Russia was merely usurping the imperial role of the Ottomans and was, indeed, allowing even less autonomy.
		Their dream was achieved in 1859, when Russia, defeated in the Crimean War, had to allow the unification of the Danubian Principalities and even the cession of southern Bessarabia.
	people.bu.edu /crr/ICWA%20for%20Web/Moldova.htm (8535 words)

	REGIMENTAL HISTORY OF THE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This developed into a campaign on behalf of the Greek Christians, who inhabited what are now Romania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia, and were then provinces of turkey.
		The Christians living on Turkish territory undoubtedly were often maltreated, and it was not difficult for the Czar to present a case for intervention, which had the advantage of being in accord with Russian aspirations.
		This was a purely private enterprise of the 1st Battalion, and Sergeant Henderson’s status as Pipe-Major was not officially recognized, but as we shall see, the enterprise was not long in producing results of a more permanent character.
	www.sevastopol-adventure.com /reghist13.htm (907 words)

	[No title]
		It was with this idea in his mind that he chose and insisted upon the Sicilian Campaign as a subject for my muse, and thus started me heavily handicapped on the racecourse of Parnassus.
		When the campaign ended with the Servian defeat at Djunis, Andreas went back to his headwaitership at the Serbische Krone in Belgrade.
		Before leaving that capital I had the honour of being present at his nuptials, a ceremony the amenity of which was somewhat disturbed by the violent incursion into the sacred edifice of sundry ladies all claiming to have prior claims on the bridegroom of the hour.
	www.gutenberg.net /dirs/1/2/2/2/12223/12223.txt (19813 words)

	History of Hungary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		From this point they carried on their marauding excursions into the district of the Lower Danube and on these expeditions they sometimes advanced into Germany.
		Being exposed to attack by the Bisseni, the Hungarians left Lebedia, some returning to the district on the further side of the Volga, while others went towards the west and settled near the Danube, between the Dniester, Sereth Pruth, and Bug Rivers.
		In May 1994, the socialists came back to win a plurality of votes and 54% of the seats after an election campaign focused largely on economic issues and the substantial decline in living standards since 1990.
	www.historyofnations.net /europe/hungary.html (3166 words)

	KUNSTKAMERA
		Rarities of Peter’s Kunstkammer: a bottle with fossilized gun-powder, Turkish cannon balls (one of stone one of wrought iron) brought by Peter from the Pruth campaign.
		In 1711 Russia was at war with Sweden when Turkey also started a military campaign against Russia.
		In early spring Russian troops marched from the Baltic states to the borders of Wallachia and Moldavia.
	www.kunstkamera.ru:8081 /English/panorama/encyclopaedia/kunst_study.htm (2743 words)

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