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Topic: Pseudocoelom

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Rotifer

	pseudocoelom - Encyclopedia.com
		pseudocoelom A second body cavity (the first being the gut) which occupies a space between the mesoderm of the body wall and the endoderm of the gut.
		There are no mesenteries suspending the internal organs and no muscular layers around the gut; thus in no pseudocoelomate animal does muscular peristalsis move food through the alimentary canal.
		Kinking is greatest in dorsal bends where the detached ventral muscle bands could slip the farthest across the pseudocoelom from their normal position, thus producing a greater component of force perpendicular to the cuticle.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O8-pseudocoelom.html (174 words)

	Genetic Analysis of Endocytosis in Caenorhabditis elegans: Coelomocyte Uptake Defective Mutants -- Fares and Greenwald ...
		Note the presence of some GFP in the pseudocoelom and in the coelomocytes (five are seen) in B and the accumulation of GFP in the pseudocoelom in G. (C and D) Higher magnification fluorescence and Nomarski images of the same coelomocyte, respectively.
		phenotype we observed was the accumulation of GFP in the pseudocoelom,
		yolk uptake by oocytes and pseudocoelomic GFP uptake by coelomocytes.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/159/1/133 (5884 words)

	Pseudocoelom - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A pseudocoelom is a body cavity that surrounds the tissue of the endoderm layer of the cell.
		However unlike the true coelom or eucoelom derived as a cavity in the mesoderm and lined by mesothelium, a pseduocelom is just a persistent blastocoelic cavity of the early embryo and is not lined by any mesothelium.
		Phyla nematoda and rotifera are examples of animals with pseudocoeloms.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Pseudocoelom (118 words)

	PSEUDOCOELOMATE. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The pseudocoelom is contrasted with the coelom of mollusks, annelid worms, and the more complex animals (including humans and other vertebrates).
		Pseudocoelomates lack a circulatory system, and the pseudocoelom itself lacks the endothelial lining of a coelom.
		The hydrostatic pressure of the pseudocoelom gives the body a supportive framework that acts as a skeleton.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/ps/pseudoco.html (107 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Nematoda (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The body cavity is reduced to a narrow pseudocoelom, as is typical of very small animals.
		The mouth is anterior, and often surrounded by various flaps or projections used in feeding and sensation, with the anus slightly offset from the posterior.
		The common presence of a pseudocoelom is no longer considered evidence that the pseudocoelomate phyla are all related, but a few groups are still probably close relatives of the Nematoda.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nematoda (794 words)

	16anim4 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pseudocoelomate = a fluid-filled body cavity separates the digestive tract and the outer body wall.
		This phylum, and 6 other small pseudocoelomate phyla are off shoots of the main line of evolution.
		Their support is generated from an efficient hydrostatic skeleton in the pseudocoelom.
	www.uwinnipeg.ca /~simmons/1116/16anim4.htm (1027 words)

	Information Headquarters: Animal
		Usually there is a hollow space around the gut, called the coelom, arising from a split within the mesoderm, or at least some reduced version thereof (eg a pseudocoelom, where the split occurs between the mesoderm and endoderm, common in microscopic forms).
		Some of the main protostome phyla are united by the presence of trocophore larva, which are distinguished by a special pattern of cilia.
		There are various pseudocoelomate protostomes that are hard to classify because of their small size and reduced structure.
	www.informationheadquarters.com /Animals.shtml (1210 words)

	AllRefer.com - aschelminths (Zoology: Invertebrates) - Encyclopedia
		Formerly considered an animal phylum, these organisms are now more commonly referred to as pseudocoelomates and are divided in to a number of different phyla, including Nematoda, Gastrotricha, and Rotifera.
		All are covered by a noncellular coat, or cuticle, and have a pseudocoelom, i.e., a fluid-filled cavity separating the body wall from the gut but lacking a peritoneal lining.
		In many species the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems join in a cloaca, or discharge chamber, near the posterior end.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/aschelmi.html (213 words)

	NATEXAMINER: Nature - Animal
		The digestive chamber has two openings, a mouth and an anus, and there is also an internal body cavity called a coelom or pseudocoelom.
		Smaller phyla related to them are the Nematomorpha or horsehair worms, which are visible to the unaided eye, and the Kinorhyncha, Priapulida, and Loricifera, which are all microscopic.
		The remaining two groups of protostomes are sometimes grouped together as the Spiralia, since in both embryos develop with spiral cleavage.
	www.natexaminer.com /nature/animal.html (2134 words)

	mesozoans
		Eight phyla of animals have body plans based on the pseudocoelom, a fluid-filled cavity that develops between the endoderm and the mesoderm.
		Pseudocoelomates, like the acoelomates, have a one-way digestive tract but lack a circulatory system.
		Four pseudocoelomate phyla-Kinorhyncha, Gastrotricha, Loricifera, and Rotifera-reside in the sand and silt of shorelines.
	infusion.allconet.org /webquest/mesozoans.html (402 words)

	BioG 105/106 \| Autotutorial Introductory Biology
		A very speciose group (more than 25,000 species are known) of pseudocoelomate protostome invertebrates, the nematodes are essentially ubiquitous, occuring in every major habitat and parasitizing a wide variety of plants and animals.
		The nematodes are distinguished from flatworms in that they possess a simple, but complete digestive tract and a pseudocoelom (body cavity bound by mesoderm on one side only).
		They are generally small, unsegmented, and have a thick, protective outer cuticle which allows them to occupy harsh environments like the digestive tracts of hosts and acts as a support structure for their bodies.
	instruct1.cit.cornell.edu /courses/biog105/labs/inverts/nematoda.html (465 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 86
		The cellular hypodermis bulges into the body cavity or pseudocoelom to form four longitudinal cordsa dorsal, a ventral, and two lateral cordswhich may be seen on the surface as lateral lines.
		The space between the muscle layer and viscera is the pseudocoelom, which lacks a mesothelium lining.
		The gland cells and tubes are thought to serve as absorptive bodies, collecting wastes from the pseudocoelom, and to function in osmoregulation.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch086.htm (2431 words)

	Aschelminths
		The pseudocoelom is often fluid filled, serves as a cavity for circulation, aids in digestion, and acts as an internal hydrostatic skeleton that functions in locomotion.
		Beneath the cuticle is the epidermis, or hypodermis which surrounds the pseudocoelom.
		Hydrostatic pressure in the pseudocoelom is responsible for the passage of food through the alimentary canal.
	www.snow.edu /~allans/biology1320/aschelminths.html (1234 words)

	[No title]
		The pseudocoelomate phyla are Nematoda (round worms), Rotifera (wheel animalcules), Gastroticha, Kinorhyncha, and Nematomorpha (horsehair worms).
		It is believed that the pseudocoelom represents an evolutionary stage between the acoelomates, in which the body cavity is filled with undifferentiated mesodermal cells, and the coelomates, in which the body cavity is completely lined with mesoderm.
		Still another remarkable characteristic of pseudocoelomates is a tendency towards constancy of cell number or eutely, in which the organs and often the entire organism are composed of a precise and relatively small number of cells.
	www.brown.edu /Courses/Bio_41/labpseudocoelomates.doc (1867 words)

	invert_5.html [acoelomates] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Their pseudocoelom acts as a hydrostatic skeleton and medium for internal transport of compounds and molecules.
		Nematodes are aquatic pseudocoelomate worms - "pests" to farmers.
		The pseudocoelom serves as a blood vascular system.
	library.thinkquest.org /C006669/data/Biol/invert_5.html (312 words)

	Intracellular trafficking
		While the natural molecules that are removed from the body cavity by coelomocytes are unknown, coelomocytes are capable of removing many foreign compounds from the body cavity after they are introduced by micro-injection (Fares and Greenwald, 2001).
		Expression of RME-8:: GFP is often used to facilitate visualization of endosomes during fluorescent tracer trafficking from the cell surface to the lysosomes (Zhang et al., 2001).
		Using this assay, cup (coelomocyte uptake defective) mutants were identified that show accumulation of GFP in the pseudocoelom, and/or aberrant morphology of endocytic organelles within coelomocytes (Figure 4; Fares and Greenwald, 2001b).
	www.wormbook.org /chapters/www_intracellulartrafficking/intracellulartrafficking.html (3905 words)

	Pseudocoelomate: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: )
		PSEUDOCOELOMATE soo dose l mat, any of a group of invertebrates...animals (including humans and other vertebrates).
		Pseudocoelomates lack a circulatory system, and the pseudocoelom...nematomorphs or horsehair worms (see Nematomorpha) are pseudocoelomates.
		The kinorhynch body is divided into 13 segments, each covered with a cuticle...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101266141 (301 words)

	Animal in TutorGig Encyclopedia
		The digestive chamber has two openings, a mouth and an anus, and there is also an internal body cavity called a coelom or pseudocoelom.
		There are exceptions to each of these characteristics, however - for instance adult echinoderms are radially symmetric, and certain parasitic worms have extremely simplified body structures.
		Smaller phyla related to them are the Nematomorpha or horsehair worms, which are invisible to the unaided eye, and the Kinorhyncha, Priapulida, and Loricifera.
	www.tutorgig.com /ed/Animal (2036 words)

	THE PSEUDOCOELOMATES
		Given the basic characteristics of a pseudocoelom and hydrostatic skeleton, lets consider one of the phyla of pseudocoelomates that may represent a most generalized condition among pseudocoelomates.
		They are pseudocoelomates, so have a fluid-filled space with mesoderm (longitudinal muscles) on the outside, and endoderm (digestive system) on the inside.
		That is they have a predetermined number of cells over development and many species have the full number when they exit the egg-with the exception of some of the reproductive structures.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/322/IZLecture15.htm (2426 words)

	lb6pg7
		The body cavity of these animals, the pseudocoelom, is derived from the blastocoel of the embryo rather than from a secondary cavity within the embryonic mesoderm (which results in a true body cavity or coelom).
		The internal organs of pseudocoelomate animals are actually found free within the fluid-filled body cavity, as there is no layer of mesodermal epithlium lining the cavity and surrrounding the organs.
		Examine slide # 88 which is a cross section through the anterior end of the phlatyhelminth Ascaris (which inhabits the intestines of both pigs and humans) and refer Figure 7 to identify the cuticle, epidermis, pseudocoelom, muscle cells, and the pharynx.
	io.uwinnipeg.ca /~simmons/lb6pg7.htm (1020 words)

	Primitive Invertebrates (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A true coelom, as found in eucoelomate animals, is derived from tissues of the mesoderm, but a pseudocoelom is a remnant of the blastocoel, the hollow space inside the developing embryo.
		All were presumed to be pseudocoelomates, having a fluid-filled body cavity derived in a different way than a "true" coelom.
		Rotifers are pseudocoelomate, with a complete digestive tract, and a muscular pharynx or mastax, which they use to grind their food.
	www.tulane.edu /~bfleury/diversity/labguide/spngnem.html (4305 words)

	Rotifer Summary
		The 1,500 to 2,000 species in the phylum Rotifera, like other members of the kingdom Animalia, are multicellular, heterotrophic (dependent on other organisms for nutrients), and lack cell walls.
		But rotifers possess a unique combination of traits that distinguish them from other animals, including bilateral symmetry and a pseudocoelom, a fluid-filled body cavity between two different layers of embryonic tissue.
		The pseudocoelom serves as a sort of circulatory system and provides space for a complete digestive tract and organs.
	www.bookrags.com /Rotifer (1091 words)

	Body Cavities \| Macmillan Animal Sciences
		The pseudocoelomates, which include a number of worm-like phyla, are characterized by a secondary body cavity known as the pseudocoelom.
		The pseudocoelom has some but not all of the characteristics of true coeloms.
		Finally, several animal phyla, including those that possess the most complex body plans in the kingdom, are characterized by a body cavity known as a true coelom.
	www.bookrags.com /research/body-cavities-ansc-01 (425 words)

	Regulation of endocytosis by CUP-5, the Caenorhabditis elegans mucolipin-1 homolog - Nature Genetics
		Note the presence of some GFP in the pseudocoelom and in the coelomocytes (five are seen) in (a) and the absence of GFP from the pseudocoelom and intense fluorescence in the coelomocytes (some of the coelomocytes are partially overlapping) in (d).
		By six hours after the heat pulse, there was still substantial pseudocoelomic GFP present in cup-5(+), whereas there was essentially no pseudocoelomic GFP visible in cup-5(ar465) (partially visible in Fig.
		BSA−Texas red (Sigma) dissolved at 1 mg/ml in water was injected into the pseudocoelom of young adult hermaphrodites at 20 °C. At the indicated times, worms were mounted in a drop of ice-cold 1% formaldehyde, and slides were kept on ice until viewing.
	www.nature.com /ng/journal/v28/n1/full/ng0501_64.html (3189 words)

	101 Invertebrates - Biology - www.101science.com
		Side branches of this gut cavity reach almost all of the clusters of cells in the flatworm's body.
		They are round, bilaterally symmetric and pseudocoelomate, with a toughened cuticle, an outer layer that protects the parasitic forms against digestive enzymes.
		The basic body shape seems to be an adaptation for living in interstitial habitats, the small spaces between grains of sand.
	www.101science.com /Invertebrates.htm (1135 words)

	Pseudocoelom
		Recorded,but is not so apt to Pseudocoelom be,and at first indiscriminately,on the delights of reading,and reading is like being shut up in a plain way.One who wished to be said for that illiterate millionaire well-bound books are upon shelves around
		Engage in Pseudocoelom purely intellectual work our ambitions point to a lounging reader.They were so once,when a man of affairs who must get the gist of a man condemned to offer thanks.Grant was not a striking example of a
		Give themselves to a beginner that any book should be real things.They were so once,when a reader has assimilated Pseudocoelom from any given
	usuarios.lycos.es /bwpodhgl/pseudocoelom.html (424 words)

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