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Topic: Pseudopeptidoglycan

	Biology M250 - 01/11/02-01/23/02 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Pseudopeptidoglycan differs from peptidoglycan in two major ways - what are these differences?
		For archaea that do not have pseudopeptidoglycan in their cell walls, what are the other major constituents that can comprise these archaeal cells walls?
		Would you expect an Archaeal cell wall constructed entirely of protein to have identical properties to a cell wall constructed of peptidoglycan or pseudopeptidoglycan?
	sunflower.bio.indiana.edu /~cfuqua/M250/Outlines/Lecture_Outline_Archaea.html (135 words)

	MCB 229 Spring 2000: Procaryote anatomy: cell envelope, motility, endospores
		Some archaea have pseudopeptidoglycan, similar architecture, but N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid instead of N-acetylmuramic.
		Archaeal walls differ widely, and are made from different materials.
		Walls of methanogens often contain pseudopeptidoglycan, similar to peptidoglycan, but with slightly different sugars and archictecture.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/library/micro229/terry/229sp00/lectures/cells2.html (1254 words)

	Experiencing Life - Prokaryotes
		The walls of Archaea are made with a variety of materials.
		Archaea called methanogens have walls that may contain pseudopeptidoglycan, which is similar to peptidoglycan, but with different carbohydrates and structure.
		Other Archaea have walls made of polysaccharides, proteins, or glycoproteins.
	experiencinglife.net /Biology/Prokaryotes/17II.html (707 words)

	LecOut_SF
		Complex with respect to structure and chemistry, but in all cases no peptidoglycan present.
		Some cell walled Archaea have a chemical similar to peptidoglycan called pseudopeptidoglycan.
		Function of cell wall: provides shape and rigidity (protoplast/sphereoplast), involved in cell wall biosynthesis (primer for peptidoglycan synthesis), involved in cell division, motility, and can influence, in a non-specific manner, entry of molecule into cell, and LPS may inhibit phagocytosis.
	faculty.washington.edu /jclara/410/Outlines/SF.html (1204 words)

	EPOB 3400 Microbiology Lecture 4
		Also note the periplasmic space where many enzymes either float free and/or are attached to the cytoplasmic membrane.
		Some of the methanogens have pseudopeptidoglycan (see Fig.
		Other Archaea have protein or glycoprotein cell walls unlike any other cell walls known in the universe.
	spot.colorado.edu /~schmidts/Teaching/EPOB3400/micro4.html (1159 words)

	Study Guide 9 - Evolution & Diversity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Archaea can alter the thickness of their membrane by including or removing pentacyclic rings in the structure.
		Archaeal cell walls do not contain muramic acid and D-amino acids, the building blocks of peptidoglycan; particular species may contain pseudopeptidoglycan, polysaccharide, glycoprotein, or protein in their cell walls.
		Metabolism in the Archaea is varied, ranging from chemoorganotrophic reactions to autotrophic utilization of CO In general similar to what is found in the Bacteria.
	www.biology.duke.edu /bio103l/StudyGuides/SG9/study9.html (5222 words)

	BI 480 Lecture 2 Cell Biology I
		These interconnections give the glycan backbone the nature of a fabric
		Some have a cell wall with a polymer very similar to peptidoglycan, termed pseudopeptidoglycan or pseudomurein
		Outer membrane contains porins that allow passage of molecules of small molecular weight (1-nm hole through the membrane)
	methanogens.pdx.edu /boone/courses/BI480/Lectures/BI480Lec02.html (359 words)

	Microbial Themes Study Guide
		Bacteria - highly diverse prokaryotes, currently classified into 16 phylogenetic groups; cell walls contain peptidoglycan; membranes contain ester-linked lipids; reproduce by binary fission
		Archaea - diverse prokaryotes; nonsporulating, lack peptidoglycan (use polysaccharide, glycoprotein, protein, or pseudopeptidoglycan instead) and have ether (rather than ester) linkages in membrane lipids; reproduce by binary fission
		Eukarya - large, complex cells characterized by possession of a membrane-bound nucleus containing DNA genes compartmentalized into chromosomes and cytoplasm containing ribosomes and membrane-bound organelles, including mitochondria, vacuoles, golgi bodies...
	www.cas.muohio.edu /~stevenjr/mbi161/microbial_world161.html (954 words)

	Alrlab: Biology 480/488 - Microbiology and Lab
		Bacteria, almost all have peptidoglycan (murein), over 100 different peptidoglycan structures, differences are based on the amino acids and how they cross link
		Archaea have pseudopeptidoglycan contains N-acetylglucosamine (like Bacteria) and N-acetytalosaminuronic acid (unlike Bacteria which have of N-acetylmuramic acid)
		Only one layer of peptidoglycan, (5% of cell wall weight)
	alrlab.pdx.edu /courses/bi480/lecture2.html (300 words)

	pseudopeptidoglycan - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
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		If you're sure it's a word, try doing a general web search for pseudopeptidoglycan: Google, AltaVista
	onelook.com /?w=pseudopeptidoglycan&ls=a (60 words)

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