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Topic: Pseudorange

	Pseudorange - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The pseudorange (from pseudo and range) is a first-approximation measurement for the distance between a satellite and a navigation satellite receiver - for instance Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers.
		The pseudoranges are then the time the signal has taken from there to the receiver, multiplied by the speed of light.
		To measure this time, the relationship between the internal receiver time (typically derived from an inexpensive quartz oscillator) and GPS time must be known.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pseudorange (258 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pseudorange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The pseudorange (from pseudo and range, nothing to do with the fruit!) is a first-approximation measurement for the distance between a satellite and a navigation satellite receiver - for instance Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers.
		Pseudorange is the approximate geometric distance from the antenna to the particular satellite in question.
		pseudorange is the "distance" between the GPS satellite at some transmit time and the receiver at some receive time.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pseudorange (547 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Geodesy in the Year 2000 (1990)
		Pseudorange measurements are made by matching local models of the ranging code generated at the receiver with codes being received from the GPS satellite.
		Thus, all of the pseudorange observations made over a span of hours can be brought to bear on a single time point and their errors thereby averaged down.
		Figure 5 gives an example of the effect of introducing pseudorange into the estimation process with increasing accuracy ranging from no pseudorange to carrier range, the latter being the case where the cycle ambiguities are exactly known.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309041457/html/124.html (5614 words)

	GPS World: Navigation for precision approaches: robust integrity monitoring using GPS+Galileo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The pseudorange measurements from these reference receivers are processed centrally to determine the pseudorange corrections to be broadcast to the approaching aircraft.
		Associated with the pseudorange corrections is an estimate of the standard deviation of the error in these corrections.
		If the pseudorange error is distributed as zero-mean Gaussian with standard deviation [[sigma].sub.0], which we represent as N (0, [[sigma].sub.0]), the vertical position error would be distributed as N(0, [[sigma].sub.P]), where [[sigma].sub.P] can be written in terms of [[sigma].sub.0] and the direction cosine terms in the user's satellite geometry matrix.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0BPW/is_4_15/ai_n6354590 (1449 words)

	[No title]
		The third objective is to estimate the pseudorange rate from the ephemerides and compare it with the measured pseudorange rate.
		The final objective is to demonstrate that the difference between the pseudorange and the range equivalent of the integrated carrier phase is the same for each satellite.
		SVPseudo-Range (km)Range (km)Receiver Clock Offset (km)2523019.25923019.2590321508.53121508.514.0172220463.89920463.878.0213123472.40123472.376.0251322551.79022551.755.035 The next part of the lab was to plot the pseudorange instead of the clock offset and then calculate the pseudorange rate of a satellite with early data and the late data when the pseudorange error has been minimized.
	filebox.vt.edu /j/joburnet/GPS/lab6.DOC (897 words)

	Pseudorange- and Carrier Phase Multipath
		Convert pseudoranges and carrier phases to length units (usually pseudoranges are already in meters, but carrier phases in cycles.
		Remaining errors are: twice the ionospheric error, pseudorange multipath error, carrier phase multipath error, receiver pseudorange noise, receiver carrier phase noise and the carrier phase ambiguity.
		The thus obtained residuals contain to a large extend the pseudorange multipath, some pseudorange noise and possibly a small and slowly varying residual iono term.
	home-2.consunet.nl /~samsvl/multipat.htm (830 words)

	Precise Platform Positioning with a Single GPS Receiver - GPS World
		The subject of this month's column is the design of a GPS data processing technique capable of producing positions with accuracies at the few-decimeter level using data from a single receiver, regardless of platform dynamics.
		This approach is not adversely affected by the decorrelation of biases in relative or differential positioning, un-resolved phase ambiguities, spatial interpolation errors, or assumptions regarding platform dynamics, and only requires the tacit assumption of sufficient GPS signals for positioning.
		The crux of carrier and pseudorange combination is the use of averaged noisy code-phase range measurements to estimate the ambiguity term in the precise carrier-phase range measurements.
	www.gpsworld.com /gpsworld/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=15110 (948 words)

	[No title]
		The DOP scales the pseudorange error in the navigation solution with respect to the position and time.
		Pseudorange errors are from random, multipath, and varying bias issues.
		The transformation between the pseudorange and position error is the inverse of the A matrix.
	filebox.vt.edu /j/jnassiry/Lab_9.doc (2142 words)

	Global Positioning System - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The receiver does not need a precise clock, but does need to have a clock with good short-term stability and received signals from four satellites in order to find its own latitude, longitude, elevation, and the precise time.
		The receiver computes the distance to each of the four satellites by the difference between local time and the time the satellite signals were sent (this distance is called a pseudorange).
		These stations broadcast the difference between the measured satellite pseudoranges and actual (internally computed) pseudoranges, and receiver stations may correct their pseudoranges by the same amount.
	open-encyclopedia.com /GPS (2823 words)

	GPS Overview
		where rho is the observed pseudorange calculated from the light time equation, rhotrue is the difference of the position of the receiver at the true receive time minus the position of the satellite at the true transmit time; and the rest of the equation represents the biases created by the errors in the clocks.
		The first order contribution of the ionosphere to the pseudorange bias is related to the inverse of the frequency squared.
		If one receiver location is known, then the bias in the pseudorange to the known receiver can be calculated and used to correct the solution of the unknown receiver location.
	www.csr.utexas.edu /texas_pwv/midterm/gabor/gps.html (1719 words)

	UNIT 1 - Introduction to GPS
		The GPS receiver measures the distance (pseudorange) between the satellite and the antenna by measuring the time the signal takes to propagate from the satellite to the receiver.
		The pseudorange is this time offset multiplied by the speed of light.
		The pseudorange is biased by the lack of time synchronization between the clock in the GPS satellite and the clock in the GPS receiver.
	seismo.berkeley.edu /~battag/GAMITwrkshp/lecturenotes/unit1/unit1.html (1006 words)

	Temperature relationship to pseudorange residuals
		The results of equipment sensitivity to changes in temperature resulted in a time-varying, non-zero behavior of the pseudorange residuals, which introduced enough 'noise' into the daily solutions to introduce a significant clock bias at midnight between days.
		However, in the case of NRC1/2 that is not true for pseudorange residuals, which seem to show a heavily time-varying behavior in the winter.
		I took a brief look at Onsala's pseudorange residuals behavior, since the January to June plot of pseudorange residual sigmas was so steady.
	www.colorado.edu /engineering/GPS/andria/nrc2temp.html (350 words)

	Time synchronisation for WAAS over Indian airspace using GPS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The GPS Pseudoranges at the Reference Stations, can be corrected for ionospheric effects, because dual-frequency measurements can be used to estimate the ionospheric delay accurately and removed.
		The pseudorange measurements are corrected for ionospheric and tropospheric delays by MCC using models.
		This equation is used to estimate the satellite ephemeris errors as it is free from satellite clock and RIMS clock errors.
	www.gisdevelopment.net /technology/gps/techgp0036pf.htm (3585 words)

	[No title]
		Further, deterministic solutions that use pseudorange, carrier phase and carrier smoothed code measurements and Kalman filters that use carrier phase and carrier smoothed code are investigated.
		However, if multipath is overcome and the noise on the pseudorange is within normal levels, a carrier smoothed code algorithm could be incorporated to produce acceptable measurements for navigation.
		Since the pseudorange measurements from the NSTL were unusable, a simulation was written to test the receiver navigation software.
	gps.csr.utexas.edu /pseudolite (796 words)

	Double Difference Pseudorange (static)
		The double difference pseudorange is something of a "classic" solution.
		This makes double difference pseudorange superior to DGPS, and why some manufacturers use it as a post-processing option.
		Precise orbits are very good, leaving atmosphere error (iono and tropo) and multipath error in the residuals.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /dmilbert/softs/ddpr1.htm (813 words)

	Double Difference Pseudorange (kinematic)
		The files must be in the subdirectory where you are working.
		This is merged pseudorange and carrier phase, at a common interval and data rate.
		The first station (point1) is assumed fixed, and the second station (point 2) can be fixed or moving.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /dmilbert/softs/gpr1f.htm (608 words)

	Garmin Recreational GPS Units Give Pseudorange and Carrier Data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Garmin G12, 12XL, II+, III+, ETREX, EMAP, and G76 provide pseudorange and carrier cycle information in an asynchronous data format when correctly queried via the serial port in the GARMIN data protocol.
		The pseudorange and carrier cycle data from GARMIN GPS units can be postprocessed to obtain a more accurate position.
		The average GPS position was compared to the surveyed position of a local NGS precisely determined survey control marker.
	gpsinformation.net /pseudorange.htm (1409 words)

	GPS 2002: Session C2 Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The results of our simulations indicate that pseudorange errors induced by the CRPA/DBF are no worse than the errors that would be obtained if only the reference element was being used; in fact DBF processing may actual improve the situation.
		However for the array models that we evaluated, the pseudorange errors are on the same order of magnitude as multipath after extended carrier smoothing, so these errors should be included in availability assessments.
		One focus of the current work is on the impact to navigational accuracy and integrity from adaptive beam-steering and null-forming.
	www.ion.org /ionsite/meetings/gps2002/C2.cfm (4410 words)

	TechOnLine - Pseudorange Multipath Mitigation Techniques for GPS Reference Stations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Pseudorange Multipath Mitigation Techniques for GPS Reference Stations
		355 KB Pseudorange observations collected by Global Positioning System (GPS) reference stations are corrupted by multipath even in the best circumstances.
		Empirical models can be formed to predict and remove the presence of multipath error.
	www.techonline.com /community/ed_resource/tech_paper/33900 (123 words)

	calculating pseudorange - Satellite Navigation System
		understand how the pseudorange from the receiver to a satellite is
		want to understand how the complete pseudorange is calculated.
		I think that I understand now how the pseudorange to a satellite is
	www.stvtalk.com /post-25613.html (4566 words)

	Physical Sciences Inc. Publications Abstract: Re-Entry Plasma Induced Pseudorange and Attenuation Effects in a GPS ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Abstract: Re-Entry Plasma Induced Pseudorange and Attenuation Effects in a GPS Simulator
		Donald S. Frankel, Peter E. Nebolsine, Merlin G. Miller, James M. Glynn, "Re-Entry Plasma Induced Pseudorange and Attenuation Effects in a GPS Simulator," presented at SPIE Defense and Security Symposium (Orlando, FL), SPIE Proceedings 5420 (12-16 April 2004).
		In addition, when the RB goes into and returns from plasma flout, the simulation can be continued to determine the time required for the GPS receiver to acquire and establish navigational capability.
	www.psicorp.com /publications/sr-1175.shtml (371 words)

	Articles - Global Positioning System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The receiver does not need a precise clock, but does need a clock with good short-term stability and the ability to receive signals from four satellites in order to determine its own latitude, longitude, elevation, and the precise time.
		A variety of receiver techniques, most notably Narrow Correlator spacing, have been developed to mitigate multipath error contributions to pseudorange measurements.
		For shorter delay multipath signals that result from reflections from the ground, special antenna features may be used such as a ground plane, or a choke ring antenna.
	www.seekj.com /articles/GPS (4310 words)

	UNAVCO Facility: BINEX record 0x7f
		CA-P1 pseudorange to 0.001 meter resolution (= RINEX pseudorange resolution)
		Use of this bit flag indicates that the time tag values and pseudorange values are not adjusted as per the RINEX specification or time tags and pseudoranges for millisecond clock resets, i.e.
		to convert to the RINEX standard for time tags and pseudoranges, the receiver clock offset must be monitored from epoch to epoch to detect millisecond resets which must then be applied in the usual way to the time tags and pseudoranges to be RINEX compliant
	binex.unavco.org /binex_record_7f.html (5019 words)

	Active Skim View of: Appendix G: Increased Bandwidth Performance Analysis
		In a large number of important civilian applications, a critical requirement is continuous tracking of carrier phase.
		Beyond the obvious need to recover satellite ephemeris parameters, continuous phase availability allows for smoothing of code pseudorange noise, as well as precise kinematic positioning, Therefore, the susceptibility of phase tracking to in-band interference was of interest.
		This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
	www.nap.edu /nap-cgi/skimit.cgi?isbn=0309052831&chap=213-214 (227 words)

	C++ code for plotting pseudorange multipath in PostScript format (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		C++ code for plotting pseudorange multipath in PostScript format
		C++ code for Plotting Pseudorange Multipath with Respect to Satellite Azimuth and Elevation.
		for the station XYZ coordinates), and the name of a TEQC pseudorange
	www.ngs.noaa.gov /gps-toolbox/cf2sky.htm (195 words)

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