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Topic: Psilocin

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Psylocibin

Psilocybin

Baeocystin

Norbaeocystin

Psilocybe cubensis

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Dimethyltryptamine

Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies

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	Psilocin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Psilocin, sometimes misspelled psilocine or psilotsin, is a psychedelic (hallucinogenic) mushroom alkaloid.
		Psilocin is relatively unstable in solution due to its phenolic OH group.
		Psilocin is the pharmacologically active agent in the body after ingestion of psilocybin or psychedelic mushrooms.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Psilocin (261 words)

	Psilocin - DFWIKI
		Psilocin ist ein Pilz-Alkaloid und ein Derivat der psychedelischen Substanz Psilocybin.
		Psilocin entsteht durch Dephosphorylierung von Psilocybin unter stark sauren oder alkalischen Bedingungen.
		Psilocin ist das pharmakologisch aktive Prinzip nach Einnahme von Psilocybin oder halluzinogenen Pilzen.
	www.drogen-forum.com /wiki/index.php/Psilocin (127 words)

	Shroomery - How do shrooms work? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Psilocin is then absorbed into the blood stream where it is taken to the brain.
		Psilocin has a chemical structure very similar to the naturally occurring neurotransmitter serotonin.
		Because psilocin's chemical structure is very similar to serotonin, it is taken up by the 5-HT2 receptor site (one of several 5-HT receptor types) as are many other common hallucinogens including LSD and mescaline.
	www.shroomery.org /index/par/25115 (328 words)

	resist the neo-con empire - Psilocybe Mushroom FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Because psilocin's chemical structure is very similar to serotonin, it is taken up by the 5-HT2 receptor site(one of several 5-HT receptor types) as are many other common hallucinogens including LSD and mescaline.
		Several studies show that while the concentration of psilocybin and psilocin varies in a single mushroom between the stem and the cap, there is no clear trend that would support the claim that either caps or stems are generally more potent.
		Most of the psilocin is then excreted within the first 8 hours...but portions remain in the system for several weeks.
	www.resist.com.au /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=112 (2009 words)

	Psilocin and Psilocybin - the main psychoactive (psychedelic) compounds in magic mushrooms
		Psilocin and Psilocybin are the main psychoactive compounds in magic mushrooms.
		The effects are psychotomimetic and psilocin is considered a psychedelic drug.
		Chemically speaking psilocin is a tryptamine and an alkaloid.
	www.magic-mushrooms.net /psilocin.html (141 words)

	UNODC - Bulletin on Narcotics - 1971 Issue 1 - 002
		Psilocin on the other hand is very sensitive to oxidation and difficultly soluble in water.
		Psilocybin and psilocin are also novel in that they are substituted in the 4-position of the indole structure by a hydroxy radical.
		Psilocin is approximately 1.4 times as potent as psilocybin.
	www.unodc.org /unodc/bulletin/bulletin_1971-01-01_1_page003.html (5948 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Laboratory tests were conducted using Hofmann's original psilocybin and psilocin extracts, measuring the responses of pupil dilation and the erection of body hair in animals.
		Psilocin is more potent than psilocybin, and the fact that the breakdown from psilocybin to psilocin occurs in the digestive tract plays a role in why oral ingestion seems to be the most effective method of use.
		Psilocybin and psilocin belong to the tryptamine family of compounds, derived from tryptamine and characterized by the indole ring structure and a chain on the end.
	www.humboldt.edu /~morgan/psil_s04.htm (2245 words)

	MykoWeb -- The Mechanisms of Mind-Manifesting Mushrooms
		Psilocin is a close relative of the neurotransmitter serotonin and its resemblance to serotonin is what is responsible for its psychoactive properties.
		Psilocin binds to a specialized type of serotonergic receptor know as the 5-HT2a receptors, where it acts as a partial agonist, stimulating some neurons but not others.
		It has been demonstrated that cocaine disrupts insect feeding behaviors and inhibits their feeding upon leaves containing cocaine; psilocin and psilocybin (which are present in mycelium as well as fruiting bodies) may very well protect fungal tissue in a similar manner.
	www.mykoweb.com /articles/MindManifestingMushrooms.html (1152 words)

	Dr. Albert Hofmann \| Psilocybin \| Psilocin
		Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) and its dephosphorylated cousin, psilocin (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) [Figure 4a], are the principal active constituents of the entheogenic Psilocybes.
		Psilocybin and psilocin are noteworthy in that their molecular structures are very similar to chemicals present in the human brain.
		Hofmann, A. "Psilocybin und Psilocin, zwei psychotrope Wirkstoffe aus mexikanischen Rauschpilzen." Helvetica Chemica Acta 42: 1557-1572 (1959).
	www.stainblue.com /ah.html (1414 words)

	[No title]
		Psilocybin and psilocin produce psychotomimetic effects in man which are similar to those produced by mescaline or LSD-25.
		The pharmacological effects of psilocin amply correspond to those of psilocybin qualitatively and quantitatively in studies performed thus far ([ 36]).
		Psilocybin and psilocin as well as lysergic acid amide and the other ololiuqui constituents and LSD are indole derivatives, or more precisely tryptamine derivatives, like the neurohumoral factor serotonin (5 hydroxy-tryptamine).
	www.unodc.org /unodc/ru/bulletin/bulletin_1971-01-01_1_page003.html?print=yes (5915 words)

	Hallucinogenic Plants: Hallucinogenic Mushrooms
		Chemically, psilocybin and psilocin are indole hallucinogens that block the action of serotonin (the indole amine transmitter of nerve impulses) in brain tissue.
		Psilocybin and psilocin mushrooms produce experiences similar to those produced by mescaline and LSD and also produces yawning, inability to concentrate, restlessness, increased heart rate, and hallucinations (both visual and auditory) (Hallucinogenic Mushrooms).
		The chemical structure of psilocybin and psilocin is similar to that of the neurotransmitters serotonin (Hallucinogenic Mushrooms).
	www.edu.pe.ca /rural/botany/halloge/mush.htm (519 words)

	Magic Mushroom Chemistry
		The primary active ingredients of Psilocybe mushrooms are (surprise!) psilocybin and psilocin, and to a lesser extent baeocystin and norbaeocystin.
		The primary difference is that psilocin is unstable and it breaks down when the mushroom is dried, while psilocybin lasts much longer (a 115-year old mushroom sample was found to contain some).
		As a good psychedelic should, psilocybin, psilocin and psilocybian mushrooms have low toxicity - in tests with mice, doses up to 200 mg of psilocybin/kg of body (in average human terms (65 kg) 13 grams) have been injected intravenously without lethal effects.
	www.magic-mushrooms.info /chemistry.htm (941 words)

	Guernsey Drug Concern - mushrooms
		Psilocybin and psilocin are the active ingredients in magic mushrooms.
		However, under The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, psilocybin and psilocin, the active ingredients in liberty cap mushrooms are classified as class A drugs.
		Psilocin is not often included in drug screening but may be detectable for up to seven days.
	www.drugconcern.org /mushrooms.htm (427 words)

	Psilocin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Psilocin is obtained by dephosphorylation of psilocybin under strongly acidic or alkaline conditions.
		Psilocin is relatively unstable due to its phenolic OH group.
		Psilocin is the pharmacologically active agent in the body after ingestion of psilocybin or hallucinogenic mushrooms.
	www.pillscatalog.net /Psilocin.html (427 words)

	Team projects on www for Biological Basis of Behavior - 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Psilocin (4/hydroxy/N,N/dimethyltryptamine) has exactly the same structural make up as psilocybin, including the indoleamine backbone and the ethylamine side chain at position 3, except instead of the phosphoric ester group; psilocin has a hydroxyl group attached to position 4.
		Psilocin is easily oxidized so it quickly deteriorates upon being produced; it's half life within the blood stream being 74.1 plus or minus 19.6 minutes, in comparison to psilocybin's half life being 163.3 plus or minus 63.5 minutes (Hasler, Bourquin, Brenneisen, Bar, and Vollenweider, 1997).
		Psilocybin and it's dephosphorylated relative psilocin are the active substances in mushrooms such as Psilocybe cubensis, psilocybe semilanceata which are better known as Liberty caps, Panaeolus subbalteatus and Gymnopilus spectabilis.
	www.humboldt.edu /~morgan/psil_s01.htm (5098 words)

	Hallucinogenic Mushrooms
		Mushrooms that contain the hallucinogens psilocybin and/or psilocin belong mainly to the genera: Psilocybe, Stropharia, Conocybe, and Panaeolus.
		The chemical structure of psilocybin and psilocin is similar to the neurotransmitter called serotonin.
		In fact, the primary effect of psilocin is on the receptors for serotonin.
	isdt.iusm.iu.edu /hallucinogenic_mushrooms.htm (355 words)

	[No title]
		The recent discovery on hallucinogenic Inocybe species was a sensation in the study of the distribution of psilocybin and its derivatives in the fungal world.
		It was found that the level of psilocin decreased appreciably during storage.
		GARTZ J., 1989 - Occurrence of psilocybin, psilocin and baeocystin in Gymnopilus purpuratus.
	www.tacethno.com /info/psilocybe/gartz3.txt (2709 words)

	[No title]
		Psilocybin, psilocin and baeocystin levels varied in the blueing fruit bodies of the new species Psilocybe natalensis from South Africa.
		In the mushrooms extracts psilocybin and psilocin were found to be accompanied by only slight amounts of baeocystin.
		BOCKS S.M., 1969 - The metabolsim of psilocin and psilocybin by fungal enzymes.
	www.tacethno.com /info/psilocybe/gartz2.txt (1805 words)

	Erowid Online Texts : TiHKAL #18 4-HO-DMT
		The mass spectrum is identical to that of psilocin.
		This is the effort to equate the chemicals, psilocin and psilocybin, with their natural sources, the mushrooms.
		There is quite a body of scientific literature that discusses the changes (increases and well as decreases) of psilocybin and psilocin content in mushrooms as a function of their nutrient diet.
	www.erowid.org /library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal18.shtml (2350 words)

	The detection of psilocin in human urine
		The method developed allows for the detection of psilocin in urine with a limit of quantitation of 10 ng/mL, based on 5 mL of spiked urine.
		Pharmacokinetic studies of psilocybin in humans have shown the rapid dephosphorylation of psilocybin to psilocin with further conversion to 4-hydroxy-tryptophole (4HT) and 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (4HIAA) in plasma.
		Our study shows that psilocin also undergoes conjugation and can be found in the urine as the psilocin-glucuronide conjugate.
	www.astm.org /JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/3647.htm (393 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In 1958 the active ingredients of the mushroom, Psilocybin and psilocin, were found and their analogues were synthesized by Dr. Albert Hoffman, who also discovered lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (Schwartz 1988).
		The primary difference between psilocybin and psilocin is that psilocin is unstable, and it breaks down when the mushroom is dried (Pedersen-Bjergaard 1998).
		Psilocin, especially, is structurally related to a neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) (Vollenweider 1998).
	sulcus.berkeley.edu /mcb/165_001/papers/manuscripts/_471.html (2593 words)

	[No title]
		Possession of psilocybin and psilocin (misspelled in the U.S. Code as psilocyn) is a felony under Title 21, Section I, (C) of the United States Code (1970 Edition).
		There is however, a relatively simple test for the presence of psilocin and psilocybin that can be carried out at home by anyone who has some familiarity with paper chromatography.
		After drying the paper with a hair dryer on warm, this outer zone is sprayed lightly with a saturated solution of p-dimethyl-aminobenzaldehyde in alcohol and then again with 1 N hydrochloric acid.
	www.textfiles.com /drugs/psilprdgde.drg (6572 words)

	The Ethnomycology, Biochemistry, and Cultivation of Psilocybe samuiensis Guzmán, Bandala and Allen, A New ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The relative alkaloidal content of psilocybin, psilocin, and baeocystin found in Psilocybe samuiensis was similar to that measured in other psychoactive fungi, but completely different from that found in Psilocybe semilanceata.
		This is in sharp contrast to the high concentrations of baeocystin and very small amounts of psilocin (only in a few specimens) which were detected in naturally occurring field specimens of P. semilanceata from various origin (Gartz, 1993), and in vitro cultivated fruit bodies of P. semilanceata (Gartz, 1991a, 1991b).
		Identical concentrations of the alkaloids (psilocybin, psilocin, and baeocystin) were found in the cultivated fruit bodies of P. samuiensis and P. semilanceata grown in rye/horse dung (Gartz, 1991a, 1991b).
	www.mushroomjohn.com /samui7.htm (3112 words)

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