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Topic: Psilocybin

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Psilocin

Psilocybe cubensis

Mushroom

Baeocystin

Psilocybe semilanceata

MDMA

Psilocybe

Norbaeocystin

Mushroom hunting

Strophariaceae

Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs

Diisopropyltryptamine

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Dimethyltryptamine

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	Psilocybin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Psilocybin is a prodrug that is converted into the pharmacologically active compound psilocin in the body by dephosphorylation.
		Psilocybin is a zwitterionic alkaloid that is soluble in water, moderately soluble in methanol and ethanol, and insoluble in most organic solvents.
		Psilocybin is rapidly dephosphorylated in the body to psilocin which then acts as a partial agonist at the 5-HT serotonin receptor in the brain where it mimics the effects of serotonin (5-HT).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Psilocybin (1802 words)

	PSILOCYBIN
		The psilocybin mushroom grows in the temperature range between 65 and 85 degrees, and only on the manure of farm animals such as cows, pigs, and goats.
		Psilocybin can be extracted by drying and grinding the mushroom to a powder, soaking it in methyl -alcohol for several days, and, permitting the resulting clear liquid is evaporate in a flat dish until a residue remains.
		Psilocybin dosage is from 1 to 5 grams dry weight, 10 to 50 grams fresh, or five to fifteen of the rancid-tasting whole mushrooms, depending on size and species.
	www.drugtext.org /library/books/recreationaldrugs/psilocybin.htm (1136 words)

	Psychedelic mushroom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Psilocybe mushrooms contain psilocybin and/or psilocin, psychedelic tryptamines that are structurally similar to serotonin, a strong regulator of mood, state of mind, and consciousness.
		Mesoamerican mushroom stones of the pre-classic Mayans representing deified mushrooms date back to approximately 500 BCE, Psilocybin mushrooms were a revered tradition in native Central American cultures at the time of the European invasion, and have been in continuous use up to the present.
		Dosage of psilocybin mushrooms depends on the total psilocybin and psilocin content of the mushrooms, which varies significantly both between species and within the same species, but is typically around 0.5-2% of the dried weight of the mushroom.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Psychedelic_mushroom (2210 words)

	Shroomery - Psilocybin awareness - General Magic Mushrooms Information
		Psilocybin is highly stable, and it has been reported that psilocybin can last for an extremely long amount time and was even detected in a hundred fifteen year old mushroom sample (WWW 1).
		The primary effect of psilocybin seems to be the inhibition of the neurotransmitter serotonin, because the indole binds to 5-HT receptors.
		Psilocybin experiments were conducted in the early 1960's under the direction of Timothy Leary, Ph.D. Dr. Leary had obtained permission from the Massachusetts Department of Corrections to administer psilocybin to volunteers in Concord Prison (WWW 2).
	www.shroomery.org /index/par/25276 (2614 words)

	Psilocybin - dKosopedia
		Psilocybin, sometimes misspelled psilocybine, is a splendid psychedelic alkaloid of the tryptamine family.
		Psilocybin is a zwitterionic alkaloid that is soluble in water, moderately soluble in methanol and ethanol.
		Psilocybin is rapidly dephosphorylated in the body to psilocin which then acts as an agonist at the 5-HT serotonin receptor in the brain where it mimics the effects of serotonin (5-HT).
	www.dkosopedia.com /wiki/Psilocybin (1591 words)

	Griffiths psilocybin
		Psilocybin and similar compounds have been reported to sometimes bring about experiences called spiritual, religious, mystical, visionary, revelatory, etc. Such experiences may be difficult psychologically and emotionally.
		Psilocybin is one of a class of compounds whose primary activity is known to be on 5-HT-2a/c serotonin receptors.
		Enough research has been done with psilocybin, starting in the 1950s, that we can be reasonably confident that it is not physically toxic in doses humans ordinarily use.
	www.hopkinsmedicine.org /Press_releases/2006/GriffithspsilocybinQ (1631 words)

	Psilocybin
		Psilocybin is the main active ingredient in magic mushrooms, obtained in Mexico and Central America.
		Psilocybin has been known for centuries by the Aztecs in Mexico, and has been used by tribes and natives for many reasons.
		Psilocybin mushrooms are consumed either in their natural form or crushed into a fine, white powder for consumption.
	www.3dchem.com /molecules.asp?ID=28 (437 words)

	Lycaeum > Leda > Psilocybin Producer's Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Complete instructions are given for locating the mushrooms, developing stock cultures for inoculation, cultivating, harvesting, and drying the mycelium, extracting the active alkaloids, and using the existing cultures to seed new cultures to keep an ongoing psilocybin farm yielding a regular crop of the hallucinogenic mycelium.
		Possession of psilocybin and psilocin (misspelled in the U.S. Code as psilocyn) is a felony under Title 21, Section I, (C) of the United States Code (1970 Edition).
		Psilocybin is a fairly stable compound, but psilocin is very susceptible to oxidization.
	leda.lycaeum.org /Documents/Psilocybin_Producer's_Guide.10392.shtml (6472 words)

	Psilocybin in the Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
		Psilocybin is a naturally occurring substance that is present in many mushroom species that grow throughout the world.
		While psilocybin is a hallucinogenic drug, it also has potent effects on a chemical system in the brain that we believe is involved in reducing the symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder.
		Psilocybin is not currently approved for human use and is a highly restricted drug.
	www.maps.org /research/psilo/azconsent.html (1674 words)

	Psilocybin
		Psilocybin is produced synthetically or extracted from the psilocybe mexicana mushroom and other mushroom species.
		Usually taken orally, psilocybin is found in dried or fresh mushrooms or as a powder in capsules.
		Psilocybin does not produce compulsive drug-seeking behavior and addiction to hallucinogens is rare, although poly-drug addicts (people who are addicted to several drugs) frequently abuse hallucinogens as well.
	www.brown.edu /Student_Services/Health_Services/Health_Education/atod/od_psilocybin.htm (874 words)

	Dr. Albert Hofmann \| Psilocybin \| Psilocin
		Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) and its dephosphorylated cousin, psilocin (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) [Figure 4a], are the principal active constituents of the entheogenic Psilocybes.
		Psilocybin and psilocin are noteworthy in that their molecular structures are very similar to chemicals present in the human brain.
		Psilocybin is the phosphoric acid ester of psilocin and is the only known indole derivative occurring in nature that contains this novel phosphoric acid radical.
	www.stainblue.com /ah.html (1414 words)

	[No title]
		Psilocybin, the active ingredient in genus Psilocybe mushrooms, is found to stimulate serotonin receptors so therefore, this psychedelic along with other antipsychotic drugs and agonist were used in various experiments to determine what happens with serotonin, dopamine, and the neural pathway to causing schizophrenia-like symptoms.
		Psilocybin, when ingested, is immediately phosphorylated to psilocin which is similar in chemical structure to serotonin.
		In a study done with psilocybin, PET, and radioactive [11C] raclopride, psilocybin was found to decrease the binding of [11C] raclopride, thus indicating an increase in dopamine release (Vollenweider et al.
	sulcus.berkeley.edu /mcb/165_001/papers/manuscripts/_405.html (2351 words)

	Psilocybin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Psilocybin is a hallucinogenic substance obtained from certain types of mushrooms that are indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Mexico, and the United States.
		Psilocybin mushrooms are popular at raves, clubs and, increasingly, on college campuses and generally are abused by teenagers and young adults.
		In addition to the risks associated with ingestion of psilocybin, individuals who seek to abuse psilocybin mushrooms also risk poisoning if one of the many varieties of poisonous mushrooms is incorrectly identified as a psilocybin mushroom.
	www.republika.pl /schuchler/psilocybin/index.htm (295 words)

	Psilocybin: De-Mystifying the "Magic Mushroom"
		Then, with the development of synthetic psilocybin in the mid-1950's, was sparked the first real interest in the drug as a tool in psychotherapy and the treatment of emotional disorders.
		Although psilocybin is the main psychoactive ingredient found in the fungus, a smaller but more potent compound (called psilocin) also packs a good part of mushrooms' psychedelic punch.
		Psilocybin usually produces a milder hallucinogenic experience than LSD, which is a major reason for mushrooms' continuing popularity.
	www.doitnow.org /pages/132.html (1171 words)

	DEA Briefs & Background, Drugs and Drug Abuse, Drug Descriptions, Psilocybin & Psilocyn and other Tryptamines
		Psilocybin (O-phosphoryl-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) and psilocyn (4-hydroxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine) are obtained from certain mushrooms indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Mexico, and the United States.
		As pure chemicals at doses of 10 to 20 mg, these hallucinogens produce muscle relaxation, dilation of pupils, vivid visual and auditory distortions, and emotional disturbances.
		N,N-Diisopropyl-5-methoxytryptamine (referred to as Foxy-Methoxy) is an orally active tryptamine recently encountered in the United States.
	www.usdoj.gov /dea/concern/psilocybin.html (339 words)

	Psilocybin and Psilocybin - the main psychoactive (psychedelic) compounds in magic mushrooms
		Psilocybin one of the main psychoactive compounds in magic mushrooms.
		Psilocybin is the posphate ester of psilocyn and the more chemically stable of the two compounds.
		It is believed that after taking, psilocybin is easily converted into psilocin and that the pharcological properties of both compounds are the same (Shulgin, Tihkal).
	www.drugs-forum.co.uk /psilocybin.html (157 words)

	Information on Psilocybin from Palo Alto Medical Foundation
		Psilocybin is a chemical obtained from certain mushrooms found in Mexico and Central America.
		Psilocybin is often fake (such as supermarket mushrooms laced with LSD or toxic mushrooms, which can lead to permanent liver damage or death).
		Psilocybin is illegal to possess in the United States.
	www.pamf.org /teen/risk/drugs/hallucinogens/psilocybin.html (239 words)

	Field Guide to the Psilocybin Mushroom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Six of the eight alkaloids present in the chemical structure of the psilocybin mushroom are toxic (the two other are psilocybin and psilocin).
		Also, even if the beginner has happened on a genuine psilocybin mushroom, the eating of it in the field may result in lack of interest in the further work of collecting, with the consequent loss of many pounds of muchrooms which he might otherwise have collected and dried.
		All of the psilocybin species described herein may be most conclusively identified by an enzyme that occurs with the psilocybin.
	nepenthes.lycaeum.org /Plants/shrooms/field.guide.html (3491 words)

	Psilocybin Fast Facts
		Mushrooms containing psilocybin are available fresh or dried and have long, slender stems topped by caps with dark gills on the underside.
		Use of psilocybin is associated with negative physical and psychological consequences.
		While there is no evidence that users may become physically dependent on psilocybin, tolerance for the drug does develop when it is ingested continuously over a short period of time.
	www.usdoj.gov /ndic/pubs6/6038/index.htm (485 words)

	NIDA - About NIDA - Welcome - Message from the Director - Psilocybin
		Psilocybin can trigger psychosis in susceptible individuals and cause other deleterious psychological effects, such as paranoia and extreme anxiety.
		A recent study entitled "Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance" evaluated the subjective effects of psilocybin after acute administration and the recall of these subjective effects 2 months after its administration.
		While the investigators receiving the grant supporting this research did not initially propose to evaluate the effects of psilocybin, grantees maintain the scientific independence necessary to follow up on new areas of research.
	www.nida.nih.gov /about/welcome/messagepsilocybin706.html (257 words)

	Magic Mushroom \| Shroom \| Psilocybin Mushroom
		No matter how you refer to it, Psilocybin is the key ingredient in the Magic Mushroom (Shroom).
		Psilocybin and psilocyn are the hallucinogenic principles contained in certain mushrooms.
		Psilocybin is structurally similar to serotonin, and produces its effects by disrupting normal functioning of the serotonin system.
	www.drugfree.org /Portal/drug_guide/Mushrooms (257 words)

	D. M. Turner - Psilocybin Mushrooms
		Some species of psilocybin mushrooms contain up to 10 times as much psilocybin by weight as cubensis, producing an equivalent experience at a much lower dose.
		The use of psilocybin mushrooms can be traced back thousands of years.
		Psilocybin can also be combined with LSD, DMT, or Nitrous Oxide.
	www.lavondyss.com /donut/guide/psilocybin.html (979 words)

	MAPS: Psychedelic Research with MDMA MDE LSD Ayahuasca Ibogaine Ketamine DMT Psilocybin Peyote Salvia divinorum
		After psilocybin, 61% of the volunteers met pre-established criteria, as measured on standardized scales, for a full mystical experience, and 31% reported significant fear sometime during their psilocybin session.
		This is a randomized, double-blind, active placebo-controlled study of the effects of medium doses of psilocybin in 12 healthy physicians, examining the effects of psilocybin on different neuropsychological measures, perceptual changes, synaesthesias and some subjective effects.
		The researchers assessed subjective, physiological and neuroendocrine effects of psilocybin, including an assessment of attention and visual perception, and previous investigations have examined the contribution of serotonin and dopamine transmitter sytsems to producing the subjective effects of psilocybin.
	www.maps.org /research (7680 words)

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