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Topic: Psilotales

	PTERIDOPHYTA - LoveToKnow Article on PTERIDOPHYTA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The small groups of recent plants forming the Psilotales and Ophioglossales are given independence in this scheme of classification owing to their exact affinities with the other phyla being at present doubtful.
		A consideration of the characters of both shows that the Psilotales are the nearest living representatives of the Sphenophyllales, while resemblances suggesting actual relationship exist between this group and the Equisetales and Lycopodiales.
		The position of the fertile spike in relation to the leaf corresponds to that of the synangium or sporangiophores in the Psilotales and Sphenophyllales.
	94.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PT/PTERIDOPHYTA.htm (12132 words)

	Introduction to the Psilotales
		The Psilotales are the least complex of all terrestrial vascular plants, and were once believed to be remnants of an otherwise extinct Devonian flora.
		This is primarily because psilophytes are the only living vascular plants to lack both roots and leaves.
		The Psilotales have no fossil record at all.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /plants/pterophyta/psilotales.html (749 words)

	What are pteridophytes?
		The Sphenophyllales and Pseudoborniales occur only as fossils and the Psilotales are confined to tropical and subtropical regions.
		The Lycopodiales are commonly called club mosses or ground pines, the Equisetales are called horsetail rushes or scouring rushes, and the Filicales are the common ferns.
		Material, except in the Psilotales, is abundant and so easily recognized that anyone who pays a little attention to collecting can, in a single season, get a fine supply for a study of the group.
	www.publicbookshelf.com /public_html/Methods_in_Plant_Histology/pteridophy_fe.html (1667 words)

	Psilotales
		[ Proteales ] [ Psilotales ] [ Rafflesiales ]
		Individual specimen entries are published in the sample database supplied with The Compleat Botanica for species or varieties of this supra-generic taxon.
		For a description of the methodology followed in establishing this hierarchy see the note Nomenclature used in The Compleat Botanica.
	www.crescentbloom.com /Plants/Ordo/Psilotales.htm (59 words)

	Devonian Times - More about Ferns
		The most widely accepted previous schemes placed three groups of extant ferns (Marattiales, Ophioglossales and leptosporangiate ferns) within the "true ferns" while two other groups, sphenophytes (horsetails) and Psilotales (whisk ferns) were regarded as more distantly related "fern allies" that may or may not be "true ferns".
		As it turns out, one order of "true fern", Ophioglossales, and one "fern ally", Psilotales, form one lineage of monilophytes while two other "true ferns", leptosporangiates and Marattiales, and one "fern ally", sphenopsids, form another.
		Whisk ferns (Psilotales) have no roots, greatly reduced leaves and spore producing organs that are borne on short lateral branches; all other ferns produce spores on their leaves.
	www.devoniantimes.org /who/pages/ferns.html (1914 words)

	Brownsey & Lovis - Psilotum and Tmesipteris
		No sub- stantial cytological evidence can be found to sup- port this concept which is also contrary to phytochemical and other evidence.
		It is still possible that, though not belonging to the Filicales, they are nevertheless archaic ferns, constituting an inde- pendent sub-class of the Filicopsida, but recent morphological evidence makes a direct relation- ship with rhyniophytes more likely.
		The question as to whether Psilotum and Tmesipteris should be placed in the same or separ- ate families is also discussed.
	www.rsnz.org /publish/nzjb/1987/38.php (340 words)

	Jennifer Winther - research interests
		Evolution and Development of Endomycorrhizal Symbioses in Psilotales and Ophioglossales.
		My current research on Psilotales and Ophioglossales focuses on studying the evolution of endomycorrhizal associations within the context of a unique type of alternation generations involving a non-photosynthetic gametophyte and a photosynthetic sporophyte.
		Characterizing the endomycorrhizal associations in the gametophyte and sporophyte stages in these lineages will provide a framework to further investigate the evolutionary relationships between endomycorrhizal fungi and the transitions in the sporophyte and gametophyte generations throughout land plant evolution.
	www.colorado.edu /eeb/MORPH/labs/grad/winther.html (82 words)

	..::treeBASE::.. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		We address the origin and diversification of land plant actin genes by studying the phylogeny of actins within the green algae, ferns, and fern allies.
		Partial genomic sequences or cDNAs encoding actin were characterized from Cosmarium botrytis (Zygnematales), Selaginella apoda (Selaginellales), Anemia phyllitidis (Polypodiales), and Psilotum triquetrum (Psilotales).
		One sequence (Ac2) diverges within a group of fern sequences that also includes the Psilotum Ac1 actin gene and one gymnosperm sequence (Cycas revoluta Cyc3).
	www.phylo.org /treebase/view/view_study.php?studyID=S365 (343 words)

	Department of Biology at Western Carolina University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A phytochemical approach for gaining insights into "pteridophyte" phylogeny.
		Wallace, J.W. Chemosystematic implications of flavonoids and C glycosylxanthones in Ferns (Filicales, Marattiales, Ophioglosales and Psilotales).
		Wallace, J.W. Chemosystematic implications of flavonoids and C- glycosylxanthones in Ferns (filicales, Marattiales, Ophioglosales and Psilotales).
	www.wcu.edu /as/biology/wallace/pubs.html (173 words)

	psilotales - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found 5 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word psilotales:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "psilotales" is defined.
		psilotales : WordNet 1.7 Vocabulary Helper [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?loc=rz1&w=psilotales (86 words)

	ASGSB 2002 Abstracts - COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY OF THE PHENYLPROPANOID PATHWAY IN PRIMITIVE TRACHEOPHYTES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		This study is the first comprehensive examination to elaborate the phenylpropanoid pathway in the most primitive extant taxa of the tracheophytes, i.e.
		in the cryptogams (orders: Lycopodiales, Psilotales, Equisetales, Isoetales, and Selaginellales) and the ferns (orders: Ophioglossales and Polypodiales).
		The results so obtained are providing new insights into how the pathway has evolved during adaptation to land.
	baby.indstate.edu /asgsb/programs/2002/43.html (208 words)

	304 web exercise on phylogeny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Answer the following questions using information found on sites linked to this page.
		Psilotum (classified in the Psilotales in this website) is enigmatic for many reasons.
		To what group of plants does recent developmental and molecular data suggest they are related?
	mason.gmu.edu /~jlawrey/exercises/phylogeny.html (358 words)

	Merriam-Webster Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		psilotales is one of more than 1,000,000 entries available at Merriam-WebsterUnabridged.com.
		For More Information on "psilotales" go to Britannica.com
		Get the Top 10 Search Results for "psilotales"
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=Psilotales (55 words)

	Fossil Gallery: Ferns and Relatives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The fossil record of ferns and their relatives extends back to the Early Devonian.
		Although some fern relatives (Cladoxylopsida) went extinct, other relatives, like the whisk ferns (Psilotales), can still be found today.
		Search for images of Ferns and Relatives on Google
	www.paleoportal.org /fossil_gallery/taxon.php?taxon_id=29&printer_friendly=1 (207 words)

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