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	Probable Psittacosis Outbreak Linked to Wild Birds \| CDC EID
		Psittacosis is most commonly reported among people in close contact with domestic birds, such as bird owners, poultry farmers, veterinarians, and workers within pet shops and poultry-processing plants (1–3,5,8–13).
		Psittacosis became a notifiable disease in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, in 2001, and 38 laboratory notifications were received by the state health department that year, an incidence of 5.7 cases per 1,000,000 population for NSW (16,17).
		In 1995, 16 cases of psittacosis among residents of a rural town in a forested area in southern Australia were linked to trimming and mowing lawns and time spent in a yard, which are thought to be proxies for exposure to infectious particles shed by free-ranging birds with chlamydiosis (15).
	www.cdc.gov /NCIDOD/EID/vol11no03/04-0601.htm (3983 words)

	PsittacosisFAQ
		Psittacosis is also found in wading birds and shore birds such as herons and egrets, and in many sea birds such as gulls, terns, and fulmars.
		Psittacosis, or "ornithosis" as it is commonly referred to when this organism infects bird taxa other than parrots, has been positively identified in at least 140 avian species.
		Since psittacosis outbreaks are so intimately connected to the exotic bird industry, it is the responsibility of those who are involved with the pet bird industry to devise methods of controlling this disease and preventing its spread.
	research.amnh.org /users/nyneve/psittacosis.html (3968 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 6, Ch. 73, Pneumonia
		In humans, psittacosis (ornithosis, parrot fever) is usually caused by inhaling dust from feathers or excreta of infected birds or by being bitten by an infected bird; rarely, it occurs by inhaling cough droplets of infected patients or venereally.
		Initially, psittacosis may be confused with influenza, typhoid fever, mycoplasmal pneumonia, legionnaires' disease, or Q fever.
		Psittacosis is suggested by a history of exposure to birds and is confirmed by recovery of the agent or by serologic complement fixation tests.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual/section6/chapter73/73j.jsp (480 words)

	Psittacosis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In medicine (pulmonology), psittacosis -- also known as parrot disease, parrot fever, and ornithosis -- is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Chlamydophila psittaci (formerly Chlamydia psittaci) and contracted from parrots, macaws, cockatiels, and parakeets.
		The incidence of infection in canaries and finches is believed to be lower than in psittacine birds.
		Tetracyclines are the drugs of choice for treating patients with psittacosis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Psittacosis (446 words)

	Psittacosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Psittacosis, known also as chlamydiosis or parrot fever, is a disease seen in birds, humans and other animals, and is caused by the bacteria Chlamydia psittaci.
		These are the "typical" cases of psittacosis, with the classic signs (lime green droppings, anorexia, possibly red and irritated eyes).
		A negative psittacosis test in an ill bird who was recently purchased from a pet store, and who has an elevation in liver enzymes and a high white count, is still considered a potential candidate for chlamydia, and should either be treated or tested further.
	www.cockatiel.org /articles/psittacosis.html (662 words)

	Psittacosis
		Psittacosis is an acute febrile respiratory tract infection which may have systemic manifestations.
		Psittacosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient with compatible illness who has a history of contact with birds (for example, veterinarians, workers in pet stores or aviaries, and bird owners).
		Psittacosis is a public health concern because infection may be transmitted to people by infectious birds at pet stores or aviaries.
	www.epi.hss.state.ak.us /bulletins/docs/b1991_32.htm (683 words)

	Psittacosis (Chlamydia Psittaci Infections) in Pet Birds
		Psittacosis is a complex disease that affects many species of wild birds, and occasionally, humans that are in close contact with birds.
		Despite the treatment of all quarantined birds for psittacosis infections, the disease continues to be widespread in pet bird populations in the United States.
		The incidence of psittacosis, which is probably an uncommon disease in the wild, is thus greatly increased.
	www.ianr.unl.edu /pubs/animaldisease/nf28.htm (648 words)

	IACUC - Psittacosis
		Psittacosis is common in wild birds of all types, but it is particularly common in pigeons and in birds of the parrot family.
		Psittacosis can cause respiratory infections in man. Psittacosis is highly contagious from bird to bird and from bird to man. Psittacosis is the zoonotic disease most likely to be transmitted from a laboratory animal to a worker.
		Psittacosis can be consistently found in wild and domestic populations of virtually all species of birds.
	www.iacuc.pitt.edu /occhealth/psittacosis.html (698 words)

	Psittacosis Chlamydia
		Psittacosis chlamydia is an airborne, infectious disease, which can be transmitted to humans from birds.
		Her feelings were that if it was not psittacosis, it was some sort of infection that this medication would still work on.
		As I understand it, the tetracycline does not kill the psittacosis, but rather keeps it from reproducing, and it takes this long for the existing ones to die a natural death.
	btpigeons.tripod.com /powers/psitt.htm (2337 words)

	Questions and answers on Psitticosis1
		Psittacosis is a disease caused by the organism Chlamydia Psittaci.
		Psittacosis is a common disease in all types of parrots.
		The risk of psittacosis causing a health problem in the family is low and is greatly reduced by appropriate testing and treatment.
	www.toolady.com /articles/psitticosis.htm (1207 words)

	Disease Listing, Psittacosis, Technical Information \| CDC Bacterial, Mycotic Diseases
		Although all birds are susceptible, pet birds (parrots, parakeets, macaws, and cockatiels) and poultry (turkeys and ducks) are most frequently involved in transmission to humans.
		Psittacosis is a reportable condition in most states.
		Characterize new and rapid diagnostic tests for human and avian psittacosis, and determine value of screening flocks for avian psittacosis to prevent human infection.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/psittacosis_t.htm (244 words)

	Psittacosis
		Psittacosis (also known as "parrot fever", ornithosis or chlamydiosis) is a widespread disease caused by an organism called Chyamydia psittaci.
		Transmission of psittacosis is primarily by inhalations of infected dust from droppings or feathers, and is enhanced by close contact with sick birds that are shedding the organism.
		If psittacosis has been diagnosed in one of your birds, your veterinarian may recommend treatment of all exposed and potentially infected birds, or exposed birds may be tested first and treatment limited to those that test positive.
	www.acstiels.com /Articles/Health/psittacosis.htm (804 words)

	An Investigation of Psittacosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Although her physician considered a diagnosis of psittacosis, the laboratory results were inconclusive, and the local public health agency was not notified.
		Birds were inspected for signs of psittacosis, and specifically ruffled feathers, nasal discharge, diarrhea, and lethargy cloacal and tracheal swabs were obtained for culture.
		Psittacosis is not among the diseases routinely encountered by local health departments.
	healthlinks.washington.edu /nwcphp/wph/invest.html (818 words)

	[No title]
		Psittacosis is an infectious disease usually transmitted to humans from birds in the parrot family, turkeys and pigeons.
		Psittacosis is usually spread by inhaling dust from dried droppings from bird cages and by handling infected birds in slaughterhouses.
		During the quarantine, they are given feed containing tetracycline to reduce the risk of infection, but the duration of treatment is generally shorter than the 45 days necessary to completely treat the bird.
	www.mdchoice.com /pt/ptinfo/psitt.asp (390 words)

	Psittacosis (Ornithosis) Fact Sheet
		Psittacosis is an illness characterized by fever, chills, headache, photophobia (the avoidance of light), cough, and muscle aches.
		A case of psittacosis is probable when there is a clinically compatible case that is epidemiologically linked to a confirmed case or if the person has an increase in the blood of antibodies that are specific for C.
		To prevent psittacosis in humans, it is necessary to prevent the exposure of humans to infected birds.
	health.utah.gov /els/epidemiology/epifacts/psittac.html (343 words)

	ASK THE VET (Polyoma virus and psittacosis)
		The second comment is in reference to a cockatiel positive for psittacosis, that was isolated and is now cured.
		Psittacosis is a bacterial infection caused by Chlamidia psittaci.
		If one bird is diagnosed with psittacosis in a collection or store, certain measures must be taken to prevent the spread of disease.
	theaviary.com /s0196-11.shtml (417 words)

	psittacosis on Encyclopedia.com
		In birds the disease takes the form of an intestinal infection, but in people the illness runs the course of a virus pneumonia; infection follows inhalation of dust from feathers or cage contents or the bite of an infected bird.
		Human psittacosis, which can be transmitted to others by cough droplets and sputum, is treated the same as pneumonia.
		Psittacosis at a turkey processing plant - North Carolina, 1989.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/p1/psittaco.asp (326 words)

	Psittacosis (ornithosis, parrot fever) : Bureau of Communicable Disease : NYC DOHMH
		Psittacosis (ornithosis, parrot fever) : Bureau of Communicable Disease : NYC DOHMH
		Psittacosis is an infectious disease that is usually transmitted to humans from birds, particularly Psittacine, or parrot-like, birds.
		Since the disease is spread by birds in the parrot family, it is occasionally found in pet store workers, those exposed to infected birds at pets stores or shows, and people who have recently purchased an infected bird.
	www.nyc.gov /html/doh/html/cd/cdpsit.shtml (444 words)

	NJDHSS, Communicable Disease Service: Psittacosis
		Psittacosis is an illness caused by infection with bacteria known as Chlamydia psittaci.
		Psittacosis is usually diagnosed by clinical symptoms and a history of exposure to birds.
		A rise in antibodies to psittacosis between two samples of blood, the first collected at the time of illness and the second collected 2 to 3 weeks later, can confirm the diagnosis.
	www.state.nj.us /health/cd/f_psittacosis.htm (597 words)

	eMedicine - Psittacosis : Article Excerpt by: Farhad Arjomand, MD
		Background: Psittacosis is an infection caused by the obligatory intracellular bacterium Chlamydia psittaci.
		Psittacosis is an occupational disease of zoo and pet shop employees, poultry farmers, and ranchers.
		From 1988-97, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) received 766 reports of psittacosis, which probably is an underestimate of the actual number of cases because psittacosis is difficult to diagnose, is covered by macrolide antimicrobials (which may be employed empirically for therapy of community-acquired pneumonia), and often is not reported.
	www.emedicine.com /med/byname/psittacosis.htm (383 words)

	Psittacosis Can Be Spread By Birds
		Psittacosis is not commonly spread to people, especially if good hygiene is practiced, but avian breeders and pet store employees are more likely to be exposed.
		Definitive diagnosis of psittacosis infection is difficult, but with clinical examination and a series of tests, a veterinarian can establish a diagnosis.
		A key factor in diagnosing psittacosis is whether the bird has been exposed to other birds within the previous several weeks.
	www.aces.uiuc.edu /news/stories/news2748.html (557 words)

	AVMA Compendium of Psittacosis (Chlamydiosis) Control
		During the 1980s, approximately 70% of cases of psittacosis in which the source of infection was known resulted from human exposure to caged pet birds; of these, bird fanciers and owners of pet birds were the largest group affected (43%).
		A patient is considered to have a probable case of psittacosis if clinical illness is compatible with psittacosis, the case is epidemiologically linked to a confirmed case of psittacosis, or if a single antibody titer of 1:32 (demonstrated by CF or MIF) is found in at least one serum sample obtained after onset of symptoms.
		Because determination of one serum titer is insensitive and nonspecific for diagnosis of psittacosis, high titers should be confirmed by evaluating paired acute- and convalescent-phase sera.
	www.birdieboutique.com /avcomofpsitc.html (4895 words)

	Psittacosis Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Psittacosis, the "terror" of bird keepers, has long been a menace to numerous species of birds kept by cage and aviary bird keepers.
		A Psittacosis is a disease caused by the bacteria Chlamydia psittaci which lives and reproduces inside the living cells of birds and humans.
		Psittacosis is one of the most common infections in cage and aviary birds.
	www.vetafarm.com.au /manage/documents/psittqa.htm (1204 words)

	Psittacosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Psittacosis, known also as Chlamydiosis and Parrot Fever in Psittacines and Ornithosis in other birds, is not a virus, nor is it a bacterial disease.
		It is estimated that one percent of the wild bird population is infected by and act as carriers for this disease.
		Interestingly, there have been no known outbreaks of Psittacosis in the wild and it is felt the outbreaks in domestic birds are the result of man-made conditions and procedures which induce stress.
	www.tuxford.dabsol.co.uk /masterbreeder/chap9/chap9psittacosis5.htm (730 words)

	NCS - Psittacosis 2
		During the 1980's, public health surveillance indicated that exposure to caged pet birds accounted for 70% of the psittacosis cases for which the source of infection was known; of these, owners of companion birds or bird fanciers were the largest group of affected persons (43%).
		A pulse-temperature dissociation, splenomegaly, and rash are sometimes observed and are suggestive of psittacosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
		Tetracyclines are the drugs of choice for treating psittacosis in humans; most persons respond to oral therapy (100 mg of doxycycline administered twice a day or 500 mg of tetracycline hydrochloride administered four times a day).
	www.cockatiels.org /articles/Diseases/psittacosis3.html (1053 words)

	Kentucky: Cabinet for Health and Family Services - Psittacosis
		Psittacosis is diagnosed by isolation of the infectious agent from the patientâs sputum or blood, or by blood tests that demonstrate antibody to C. psittaci.
		Antibiotics of the tetracycline group are indicated for this organism and should be given for 10 to 14 days after the temperature returns to normal.
		The Compendium of Measures to Control Chlamydia psittaci Infection Among Humans (Psittacosis) and Pet Birds (Avian Chlamydiosis), 2000, was published in the MMWR Recommendations and Reports, July 14, 2000/Vol.49/No.RR-8.
	chfs.ky.gov /dph/Psittacosis.htm (365 words)

	Compendium of measures to control Chlamydophila psittaci (formerly Chlamydia psittaci) infection among humans ...
		Psittacosis, also known as parrot fever and ornithosis, is a bacterial infection of humans that can cause severe pneumonia and other serious health problems.
		From 1988 through 2002, 923 human cases of psittacosis were reported to CDC, and most resulted from exposure to infected pet birds, usually cockatiels, parakeets, parrots, and macaws.
		3 Standard infection-control precautions are sufficient for humans with psittacosis, and specific isolation procedures (eg, private room, negative pressure air flow, and masks) are not indicated.
	www.avma.org /pubhlth/psittacosis.asp (3443 words)

	Psittacosis
		Psittacosis is usually spread by inhaling dust from dried bird droppings and by handling infected birds in slaughterhouses.
		Some birds infected with psittacosis may appear healthy, but can still spread the infection to other birds or humans.
		Psittacosis can cause fever, headache, chills, muscle aches, and sometimes pneumonia with a relatively nonproductive cough.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/955140660.html (321 words)

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