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Topic: Psychoanalytic therapy

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	About Psychoanalysis: APsa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		As a therapy, psychoanalysis is based on the observation that individuals are often unaware of many of the factors that determine their emotions and behavior.
		Psychoanalytic treatment demonstrates how these unconscious factors affect current relationships and patterns of behavior, traces them back to their historical origins, shows how they have changed and developed over time, and helps the individual to deal better with the realities of adult life.
		As a general theory of individual human behavior and experience, psychoanalytic ideas enrich and are enriched by the study of the biological and social sciences, group behavior, history, philosophy, art, and literature.
	apsa.org /pubinfo/about.htm (1859 words)

	The IJPA - Discussion paper
		Psychoanalytic psychotherapy utilises interpretation, but with patients with severe psychopathology, for many of whom this is the treatment of choice, clarification and confrontation occupy a significantly larger space than interpretation per se, and interpretations of unconscious meanings in the ‘here and now’ a larger space than interpretation in the ‘there and then’.
		Psychoanalytic psychotherapy thus does not dilute the ‘gold’ of psychoanalysis with the ‘copper’ of support, but maintains an essentially psychoanalytic technique geared to analyse unconscious conflicts activated in the transference within a modified framework, spelled out and explicitly agreed to by the patient in advance.
		Like psychoanalytic psychotherapy, supportive psychotherapy is carried out in ‘face-to-face’ sessions, and has the advantage of considerable flexibility regarding its frequency, from several sessions per week, to one session a week, or one or two sessions per month, according to the urgency of the patient’s present difficulties and the long-range objectives of the treatment.
	www.ijpa.org /kernberg.htm (6300 words)

	What is Psychoanalytic Therapy? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Psychoanalytic therapy is based upon the idea that much of our behavior, thoughts and attitudes are regulated by the unconscious portion of our mind and are not within ordinary conscious control.
		Psychoanalytic therapy is usually appropriate for anyone who wants to have a happier life with greater personal and emotional flexibility.
		The Psychoanalytic therapist prefers to treat patients without medications, although on occasion he may refer a patient to a psychiatrist for drugs to be used in the treatment of depression, psychosis, or overwhelming anxiety.
	www.erols.com /henrywb/Psyan.html (2730 words)

	DREAM INTERPRETATION THERAPY. Free term papers for college, book reports and research papers. Welcome to Essay Express
		Psychoanalytic therapy is mainly based on the idea that how people act, their thoughts and their attitudes and how they are arranged by the unconscious portion of the person's mind and are not within one's usual conscious control.
		Psychoanalytic therapy is performed by the patient lying on a couch allowing him or her to totally relax.
		Psychoanalytic Therapy is successful for the patient as soon as the patient is comfortable with himself in relation to his feelings, and having a relatively good sense of being able to feel feelings without the urge to act them out.
	www.essayexpress.com /essay/005430.html (2580 words)

	Dr. Grohol's Psych Central - Types of Therapies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		While historically, psychodynamic therapy would typically be lengthy (and in psychoanalytic therapy of days-since-past, you would meet with the therapist 3 or 4 days every week!), this is no longer the case with the advent of short-term psychodynamic theories and therapy methods.
		Therapy tends to emphasize these struggles and the individual that comes into therapy as being a unique person who views life in such an idiosyncratic way that it would be nearly impossible to try and fit them into any one specific developmental or other theory.
		Therapy can last anywhere from a few weeks to a few years, although it tends toward the longer end, since its focus is much broader than most other therapies here.
	www.grohol.com /therapy.htm (2882 words)

	Classics in the History of Psychology -- Freud (1914/1917)
		The therapy founded thereon was to cause the patients to recall and reproduce these experiences under hypnosis (catharsis), and the fragmentary theory, deduced from it was that these symptoms corresponded to an abnormal use of undischarged sums of excitement (conversion).
		It may, therefore, be said that the psychoanalytic theory endeavors to explain two experiences, which result in a striking and unexpected manner during the attempt to trace back the morbid symptoms of a neurotic to their source in his life-history; viz., the facts of transference and of resistance.
		These workers hailing from the psychoanalytic field make no secret of their dilettantism, they only desire to be guides and temporary occupants of the places of those specialists to whom they recommend the analytic technique and principles until the latter are ready to take up this work themselves.
	psychclassics.yorku.ca /Freud/History/index.htm (17464 words)

	Sigmund Freud [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The task of psychoanalysis as a therapy is to find the repressions which are causing the neurotic symptoms by delving into the unconscious mind of the subject, and by bringing them to the forefront of consciousness, to allow the ego to confront them directly and thus to discharge them.
		In this sense, then, the object of psychoanalytic treatment may be said to be a form of self-understanding - once this is acquired, it is largely up to the patient, in consultation with the analyst, to determine how he shall handle this newly-acquired understanding of the unconscious forces which motivate him.
		In general, however, the efficiency of a given method of treatment is usually clinically measured by means of a 'control group' - the proportion of patients suffering from a given disorder who are cured by treatment X is measured by comparison with those cured by other treatments, or by no treatment at all.
	www.iep.utm.edu /f/freud.htm (4636 words)

	Psychoanalytic Therapy
		Psychoanalytic therapy is the inheritor of Freud's original therapeutic methods.
		Psychoanalytic therapists distinguish between the concrete content of the dream (the manifest content) and the symbolic meaning of the dream (the latent content).
		Psychoanalytic therapists believe that dreams are symbolic so that the dreamer will not have to confront the unconscious directly.
	www.sociopathic.net /rants/psychoanalitic.htm (188 words)

	Welcome to the International Society for the Study of Dissociation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		I went to therapy because I was sad, and now I’m told I have a dissociative disorder.
		The person may express confusion about their feelings and perceptions, or may have difficulty remembering what they have just said, even though they do not claim to be a different person or have a different name.
		The patient may be able to confirm the experience of identity alteration, but often the part of the self that presents for therapy is not aware of the existence of dissociated self-states.
	www.issd.net /indexpage/FAQ2.htm (5768 words)

	Life Among the Analysts by Douglas Kirsner
		Psychoanalytic education today is all too often conducted in an atmosphere of indoctrination rather than of open scientific exploration.
		Perhaps it's partly determined by the transmission of a psychoanalytic education which is largely based on transference: the attachment to one's analyst, as well as to supervisors and teachers, is permeated with strong transference affects.
		Psychoanalytic concepts are not univocally defined, and in consequence of this are the source of often raucous debate.
	www.human-nature.com /free-associations/kirsner.html (7701 words)

	INTRODUCTION TO THE PSYCHOANALYTIC PLAY TECHNIQUE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The psychoanalytic play technique as devised by Melanie Klein is a more disciplined and rigorous procedure than is usually understood by such terms as Play Therapy.
		Mrs Klein applied Freud's psychoanalytic method directly to her treatment of children as young as the age of 2~ years, except that she substituted for Freud's technique of verbal free-association her own Play Technique, which lent itself more readily to the form and mode of childhood communication.
		The internal world is enriched through the objects which have been restored time after time, becoming eventually part of the child's inner world, and the love and gratitude towards good objects stand against the inevitable and ever-present stirrings of hostility and destructiveness which are never completely vanquished.
	www.psychematters.com /papers/mawson.htm (8367 words)

	© PSYCHOMEDIA - Robert S. Wallerstein, 'Psychoanalytic Therapy Research: An Overview' (2002)
		We need to learn more about (1) what changes actually take place in psychoanalytic therapy (the outcome question) and (2) how those changes come about, through the interactions of what factors in the patient, the therapist, the therapy, and the evolving life situation (the process question).
		I divide the history of psychoanalytic therapy research into four successive generations, each marked by increasing conceptual sophistication and methodological advance.
		Knight elaborated the pitfalls of these simple statistical summaries: the absence of consensually agreed-upon definitions and criteria, the crudeness of the nomenclature and diagnostic classification, and the failure to address issues of therapeutic skill in relation to cases of varying severity.
	www.psychomedia.it /spr-it/artdoc/waller02.htm (2688 words)

	© PSYCHOMEDIA - JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN PSYCHOANALYSIS - Horst Kächele - Are there "Pillars of Therapeutic ...
		If psychoanalytic therapies were seen as being a cultural event sought by customers willing to pay for a special treatment, no scientific achievements would be necessary but just agencies for organizing these cultural events.
		This is my first pillar of wisdom: it seems wise not to separate psychoanalysis proper from other psychoanalytic oriented therapies, but to favor the term psychoanalytic therapy to cover all treatments that use the basic notions of the theory of psychoanalytic treatment.
		As we have now dealt with what most psychoanalytic treatment researchers consider to be the building blocks of all and any of the psychoanalytic therapies, let me conclude with some statements on the state of the outcome research regarding the psychoanalytically oriented treatments.
	www.psychomedia.it /jep/number12-13/kachele.htm (3904 words)

	PSYCHOTHERAPIST’S HARVEST
		For instance, the entry on "repression", which is one of the cornerstones of psychoanalytic theory, is only fifteen lines long.
		The 450 entries are preceded by a special chapter called "Pathfinder through the A to Z harvest" addressed to all those who are new to the subject and who want to read this volume as a textbook or simply wish to dip into it and explore particular areas.
		A more detailed version of them can be found in the alphabetic part of the volume, where each is followed by a reference to the next pathfinder entry and references to other related entries.
	fox.klte.hu /%7Ekeresofi/psyth/psyhthr.html (1119 words)

	The IJPA - Letter to the Editors
		Another observation by Milton is that there seems to be, however, a difference in philosophical underpinnings: in cognitive therapy the patient is often seen as a victim of parental or societal influences, while in psychoanalysis the patient, more pessimistically, is seen as intrinsically conflicted and unreasonable (p.
		But-we may argue-here we do not need to resort to cognitive therapy in order to emphasise what is nothing but the dichotomy between conflict and deficit theories, which is already well represented in the psychoanalytic literature (think only of Kohut's Self Psychology, interpersonal psychoanalysis, and so forth).
		In her attempt at differentiating psychoanalysis from cognitive-behaviour therapy, Milton believes that something 'psychoanalytic' is always missing in cognitive-behaviour therapy, even in its more modern and 'cognitive analytic' version (such as Ryle's (1990) 'cognitive analytic therapy' (CAT)).
	ijpa.org /letter2oct01.htm (1538 words)

	BIBLIOGRAPHY for Unfree Associations: Inside Psychoanalytic Institutes, by Douglas Kirsner
		Fox, R., ‘Psychoanalytic training and the development of an analytic career: a proposal for revising the structure of psychoanalytic education’, Los Angeles Psychoanalytic Bulletin, Spring, 1991: 21-24.
		Freud, A, ‘The ideal psychoanalytic institute: a utopia’ (1966), in her Problems of psychoanalytic training, diagnosis, and the technique of therapy (1966-1970), International Universities Press, New York, 1971.
		Slavin, J., ’Sources of legitimacy and authority in psychoanalytic training: an inquiry into the symbolic meaning of the IPA’, paper presented to the Spring Meeting of the Division of Psychoanalysis, American Psychological Association, New York City, typescript, April, 1990.
	www.academyanalyticarts.org /kirsnerbib.htm (6507 words)

	Psychoanalytic Studies Subject Guide
		Psychoanalytic schools from the beginning to the present.
		The PEP Archive is a full-text, indexed and hyper-linked collection of many premier journals on psychoanalysis from 1920 on, including the Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association and the International Journal of Psycho-Analysis.
		Searching is by author, title, journal, or year, and also by indicating any word or phrase, including a dream or a clinical dialog.
	web.library.emory.edu /subjects/humanities/psychoan/psychoanguide.html (854 words)

	The Observer \| Magazine \| On the couch
		He showed that when unpublished drug company results were taken into account, the risks usually outweighed the advantages of such pills for teens (this finding reached the front page of the New York Times and his study was rated its 'paper of the year' by the Lancet).
		For example, a series of studies (with Anthony Bateman and Marco Chiesa) proved that the most effective treatment for borderline personality disorder is a psychoanalytic therapy he specially developed.
		Not only did it work, it was as cost-effective as conventional treatments (pills, cognitive therapy) because it avoided the consequences of failed treatment.
	observer.guardian.co.uk /magazine/story/0,11913,1547185,00.html (498 words)

	Efficacy of psychoanalysis and intensive psychoanalytic therapy for patients with substantial phobias, anxieties and ...
		Efficacy of psychoanalysis and intensive psychoanalytic therapy for patients with substantial phobias, anxieties and panic states
		The fact that this degree of benefit was present at an average of two years after termination contrasts with the findings of the Collaborative Multi-site study of Depression, in which only 25% of patients had substantially kept the benefits achieved at termination of their treatments.
		Not only does it provide substantial evidence of the effectiveness of psychoanalytic therapies for severe anxiety conditions, but it also provides a challenge to the cognitive-behavioral therapies to assess the degree of lasting benefit accruing from CBT.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/sherwood_waldron/anxiety.htm (988 words)

	Bublos.com: Compare Book Prices ›› Live Company: Psychoanalytic Therapy with Autistic, Abused and Borderline ...
		Central to the book is the moving story of an autistic child's long struggle between sanity and madness, in which the author describes the arduous journey that she as therapist and he as patient made together towards new understanding and his partial recovery.
		Modern developments in psychoanalytic theory and technique mean that such children can be treated with some success.
		Particularly important is her integration of psychoanalytic theory with the new findings in infant development and infant psychiatry.
	www.bublos.com /isbn/0415060974.html (801 words)

	The Individual: Therapy and Theory -- Sigmund Freud: Conflict & Culture (Library of Congress Exhibition)
		In the winter terms of 1915-1916 and 1916-1917, Freud gave lectures on psychoanalysis to general audiences of men and women at the University of Vienna.
		In the lecture on transference he gave an elementary account of how the emotions of patients led them during therapy to repeat patterns from their earliest relationships.
		The goal of treatment was to make the patient aware of this repetition, bringing to consciousness what had been unconscious.
	lcweb.loc.gov /exhibits/freud/freud02.html (1835 words)

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