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Topic: Psychoanalytical feminism

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	Psychoanalytic feminism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Psychoanalytic feminism is a social movement based on the work Sigmund Freud and his psychoanalytic theories.
		Psychoanalytical feminists believe that gender inequality comes from early childhood experiences, which lead men to believe themselves to be masculine, and women to believe themselves feminine.
		Critics of psychoanalytic feminism maintain that cases such as his provide undeniably strong evidence to the immutable and inborn nature of an individual's sense of being a boy or a man, or girl or a woman, the individual's gender identity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Psychoanalytic_feminism (270 words)

	psychoanalytical - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about psychoanalytical (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The main treatment method involves the free association of ideas, and their interpretation by patient and analyst, in order to discover these long-buried events and to grasp their significance to the patient, linking aspects of the patient's historical past with the present relationship to the analyst.
		Psychoanalytic treatment aims to free the patient from specific symptoms and from irrational inhibitions and anxieties.
		Freud came to experience the third basic concept in his work, known as transference, with his earliest patients, who transferred to him aspects of their past relationships with others, so that their relationship with him was coloured by their previous feelings.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /psychoanalytical (448 words)

	Feminism, Femininity and Popular Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This master opposition between feminism and femininity has, moreover, given rise to a whole series of sub-oppositions between, for example, a politicized (feminist) avant-garde and a depoliticized (feminine) popular culture, an authentic (feminist) folk culture and an inauthentic (feminine) mass culture, the feminist activist and the passive feminine consumer.
		Feminism, Femininity and Popular Culture is thus a timely critical reappraisal of feminist cultural studies in which Joanne Hollows skilfully traces and problematizes the varied and complex ways in which these oppositions have informed feminist analyses of popular culture.
		Feminism, Femininity and Popular Culture is much more than simply a textbook, it is also a long overdue reassessment of feminist cultural studies which goes beyond the simple mapping out of theoretical paradigms found in other textbooks of its kind.
	www.nottingham.ac.uk /film/journal/bookrev/feminism-femininity.htm (947 words)

	Dragana's first webpage
		Feminism was particularly interested in using psychoanalytical paradigms in fighting against patriarchy and its stereotypical cinematic representations that reinforce subordination and inferiority of women.
		According to the psychoanalytic theory, women are mostly perceived as a symbol of castration threat and a lack of the phallus.
		Feminism has extracted useful psychoanalytical findings and implemented them in interpretations of the dominant pattern according to which films are structured.
	www.personal.ceu.hu /students/04/Dragana_Todorovic/my_articles.html (6707 words)

	Jacques Lacan - Psychology Wiki - A Wikia wiki
		The mirror stage is described in Lacan's essay, "The Mirror Stage as formative in the function of the I as revealed in psychoanalytic experience", the first of his Écrits, and remains one of his seminal papers.
		Lacan argues that the psychoanalytic movement towards understanding the ego as a coherent force with dominion over a person's psyche was rooted in a misunderstanding of Freud.
		Nonetheless, Lacan can be said to enjoy an awkward relationship with feminism and post-feminism in that while he is criticised for adopting (or inheriting from Freud) a phallocentric stance within his theories of the self, he is also taken by many to represent an accurate portrayal of the gender biases within society.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Jacques_Lacan (3085 words)

	Catherina Halkes: Feminism and Spirituality
		This article is token from the text of her farewell speech on her retirement úrom the chair of Feminism and Christianity in 1986 translated by Joan van der Sman.
		They still do not understand what feminism is all about when they repeat: "I do not feel oppressed at all." They not only deny themselves but unknowingly deny millions of women who are being sold, raped, and sexually mistreated because of their female body.
		Feminism is not only a movement of struggle but also of hope -- hope of a healed world, for hope is healing.
	www.spiritualitytoday.org /spir2day/884033halkes.html (5361 words)

	Cixous, Hélène \| Introduction: Feminism in Literature
		She criticizes Joyce, however, for emphasizing a connection between guilt and death; she argues that this leads to the unnecessary paradox, detectable in all of his works, that one must "lose" in order to "gain," kill in order to live.
		Freud argued that this anxiety stems from a fear of female genitalia, perceived by males at a subconscious level as the result of castration—the female body understood subconsciously as "lacking" a phallus.
		Through their readings of various historical, literary, and psychoanalytical texts, the two explore the role played by language in determining women's secondary place in society.
	www.enotes.com /feminism-literature/cixous-helene (1019 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Feminism became organized in the 19th century as people increasingly came to believe that women were being treated unfairly.
		Violence and oppression of women, because they are women, is more fundamental than oppressions related to class, ethnicity, religion, etc. This form of feminism was popular in the so-called second wave, though it is not as prominent today.
		Among traditional religions, feminism has led to self examination, with reclaimed positive Christian and Islamic views and ideals of Mary, Islamic views of Fatima Zahra, and especially to the Catholic belief in the Coredemptrix, as counterexamples.
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Women's_rights.html.html (2397 words)

	Whither feminism? \| media girl (mediagirl.org)
		But my mother's worries told me a lot about what it means to be a woman, mostly that you are onstage all the time and that you are obliged to keep in character all the time, even when you are trying to relax.
		I blame the media in the UK at least; feminism has become inextricably linked with lesbianism, which is another dirty word to a lot of women.
		This is pretty tough to take so the word "feminism" is equated with someone who's a loser - yet, as I suggested, it is the ones who hate the label "feminist" who are the biggest Feminists of all.
	mediagirl.org /node/80 (3209 words)

	feminism in literature
		Feminism has gradually become more far-ranging and subtle in its attacks on male-dominated society.
		Psychoanalysis has little scientific standing, and Lacanian theory is further disputed within the psychoanalytical community itself.
		Feminism does itself few favours by relying on these supports.
	www.poetrymagic.co.uk /literary-theory/feminism.html (696 words)

	Julia Kristeva
		Her views of feminism are best represented in her essay "Women's Time" in New Maladies of the Soul.
		Kristeva also rejects what she sees as the second phase of feminism because it seeks a uniquely feminine language, which she thinks is impossible.
		Kristeva endorses what she identifies as the third phase of feminism which seeks to reconceive of identity and difference and their relationship.
	www.cddc.vt.edu /feminism/Kristeva.html (2743 words)

	SI - readmsg.aspx msgid=20729067
		It signaled an end of an era where blame-the-victim psychology had forced women to internalize the trauma’s inflicted by society and the source of women’s unhappiness were assumed to lay within her.
		Feminism is theory that men and women should be equal politically, economically and socially.
		A central concept in feminist theory is the psychological oppression of women and the constraints imposed by the sociopolitical status to which women have been relegated.” Corey defines liberal feminists as activists who focus on helping individual women overcome the limits and constraints of their socialization patterns (Corey 2001).
	www.siliconinvestor.com /readmsg.aspx?msgid=20729067 (4521 words)

	Lucia Bortoli Submission
		Later critics were also reluctant to consider her simultaneous discussion of philosophical, feminist and psychoanalytical issues as part of a unified project, and attributed her eclecticism to her “dual personality.” Her commitment to the woman question and participation in the suffrage campaign especially made her appear radical to the average reader.
		Realizing that her success centered on the figure of the reader, she wanted to play a convincing role in the reader’s mind because only by convincing the reader was she in the position of pursuing her feminist reformist agenda: change the reader from passive receiver to active critic of negative cultural and medical narratives.
		She was motivated by a political agenda of social reform of woman conditions-by establishing an alliance with the reader she hoped to convey the self-awareness and freedom of thinking that she considered vital to any private healthy choice in life and any public social change.
	web.english.ufl.edu /pnm/bortoli.html (7823 words)

	www.theory.org.uk Resources: Judith Butler interview
		Catharine MacKinnon's work sets up such a reductive causal relationship between sexuality and gender that she came to stand for an extreme version of feminism that had to be combatted.
		But it seems to me that to combat it through a queer theory that dissociates itself from feminism altogether is a massive mistake.
		When the woman in the audience at my talk said "I survived lesbian feminism and still desire women", I thought that was a really great line, because one of the problems has been the normative requirement that has emerged within some lesbian-feminist communities to come up with a radically specific lesbian sexuality.
	www.theory.org.uk /but-int1.htm (3579 words)

	Lit Crit & Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Psychoanalytical critics interpret a literary work à la Freud, that is, in terms of unconscious fantasies and desires, fixations and complexes, displacement and repression.
		Early psychoanalytical critics assumed, with Freud, that even creative works of literature are at last products of the author's (sexual) libido: thus Ernest Jones concluded that Hamlet's delays in avenging his father's murder are the result of Hamlet's (and Shakespeare's) unresolved Oedipal complex.
		Queer theory, like feminism, is often quite constructivist, and the battle is waged in the sphere of discourse; witness, then, these scholars' move to resignify the traditionally negative label "queer" as a positive term, and Judith BUTLER's (and others', of course) argument that gender identity itself is ultimately discursive.
	www.usd.edu /~tgannon/crit.html (4900 words)

	The Final Girl: A Few Thoughts on Feminism and Horror
		In psychoanalytical terms, sadism is post-Oedipal, meaning that it takes shape when identification shifts from the mother to the father.
		In Barbara Creed's feminist psychoanalytical account of the horror film, this mothering body takes the form of the "The Monstrous Feminine": the female as castrated male becomes the female as castrator, period.
		The deeper problem resides in the built-in patriarchy of depending on a Freudian psychoanalytical model, where an active or powerful woman is nothing but a 'masculinized' woman (or a closet lesbian).
	www.horschamp.qc.ca /new_offscreen/final_girl.html (2137 words)

	Grace Wen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Marxist feminism shows a number of characteristics of earlier feminist criticism.
		Psychoanalytic feminist way is based on the psychodynamics of female creativity, linguistics and so on.
		Tane Todd divides feminist criticism into two parts: the sociohistorical American and the French psychoanalytical ways.
	www.eng.fju.edu.tw /Literary_Criticism/feminism/grace_outline.html (243 words)

	feminism in literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		For psychoanalytical aspects see Juliet Mitchell's Psychoanalysis and Feminism (1975), Elizabeth Wright's (Ed.) Feminism and Psychoanalysis (1992) and Toril Moi's The Kristeva Reader (1986).
		Modern Feminism: A Guide to the Ideology and the Literature.
		Notes and listings relating to feminism and literature.
	www.textetc.com /theory/feminism.html (1222 words)

	Discourse
		feminism, Marxism, queer theory, new historicism, post-colonialism, post-modernism.
		If not entirely chronological, like the Houses who held the English Throne, they do seem to be mutually exclusive, each eclipsing the one before it.
		His one-piece costume may have put him in the avant-garde of feminism, and a flying man holds central place in the "dream theory" of psychoanalysis, but these readings must surely be retrospective, rather than active, on his part.
	www.usfca.edu /philosophy/discourse/9/bolton4.html (498 words)

	mamadaypaper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		You are NOT writing about Marxism or Feminism, etc. You are only using what you know about these theories to help you organize your arguments about the text.
		You should feel free to use the material Peterson gives in her introductions to these theories in order to help you make your arguments.
		Feel free to state that you are doing a Marxist or Feminist or Psychoanalytical reading of Mama Day, but don’t feel that you have to give too much background on the theory itself.
	www.english.uwosh.edu /hostetler/mamadaypaper.html (382 words)

	More Preliminaries
		Feminisms or feminist theories differ over how women’s oppression is best explained and so corrected.
		Two basic kinds of feminism: liberal and gender
		Some kinds of gender feminism: socialist, radical, womanist (multicultural), psychoanalytical feminism, eclectic feminism
	phm3123-85.fa00.fsu.edu /Feminism_Lecture_1/tsld003.htm (36 words)

	Cambridge Collections Online : Feminism and psychoanalysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The relationship between feminism and psychoanalytical theory has been stormy.
		Feminists of all stripes have criticized Freud and his followers for many different aspects of psychoanalytical thought and practice.
		The aim, also, of psychoanalytical therapy has been criticized as reactionary, insofar as it is thought to divert patients from a political understanding of their discontents to the 'individualist' solution of personal adjustment to the status quo.
	cco.cambridge.org /extract?id=ccol0521624517_CCOL0521624517A006 (165 words)

	Graduate courses 2006-07
		This seminar is designed to help students acquire the tools and vocabulary for navigating the world of film theory and criticism.
		Weekly readings will focus on selected texts representing key approaches to film analysis (neorealist theory, psychoanalytical criticism, feminism, postcolonial theory, etc.).
		In addition, we will watch weekly screenings of recent works by German and Austrian filmmakers as case studies for in-class analyses and papers.
	www.mcgill.ca /german/gradcourses (365 words)

	Psychoanalytic Feminism: Intros (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Due in large part to Kate Millet's attack on Freud in her influential second wave text Sexual Politics, psychoanalysis has traditionally been viewed as irredeemablely patriarchial in many US circles.
		Yet with the 1976 publication of Juliet Mitchell's Psychoanalysis and Feminism, some began to reevaluate this position, especially in the area of film studies.
		In the US, feminists writing in the object-relations tradition of psychoanalysis (as opposed to Lacan) like Nancy Chodorow have been the most successful in gaining a wide audience.
	www.sou.edu /English/IDTC/Issues/Gender/Intros/psyintro.HTM (91 words)

	POLYGRAPH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		How does "holey space" serve as a political space of ambiguity, both going beyond the homogenizing effect of Empire (resisting "meta-narratives" of globalization) and/or outlining a late-night "capitalist apparatus of capture?" Who are the "holey space" theoretical predecessors?
		How do Deleuze's theories of spatiality coincide with approaches of interdisciplinary studies, post-colonial studies, psychoanalytical studies, feminism and queer theory studies?
		Possible topics may include but are certainly not limited to national literatures, collage and montage art, de-architecture, or studies of the State and national boundaries or borders perceived to be "leaky sieves" or "as holey as Swiss Cheese." Articles may examine "holey space" from either a modern or a post-modern perspective.
	www.duke.edu /~arg2/pg/5.html (161 words)

	Lynch, Literary Terms — Feminism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Feminism, or feminist criticism, is an umbrella term that describes a whole range of approaches to literature and culture.
		All are concerned somehow with women, but beyond that they may not have much in common.
		Three question marks mean I have to write more on the subject.
	andromeda.rutgers.edu /~jlynch/Terms/feminism.html (444 words)

	Diploma Women’s Studies
		This module introduces students to the main theoretical frameworks that have been developed to explain women’s position in society, including liberal, radical, psychoanalytical, and multicultural amongst others.
		Week 6: Marxist Feminism and Socialist Feminism: Woman in the workplace public and private.
		I will be available to assist with readings, questions on assignments and any other problems.
	www.ul.ie /womensstudies/courses/ws3102.htm (455 words)

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