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Topic: Psychogenic amnesia

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	Sutker93
		Psychogenic amnesia is sometimes encountered in victims of violent crime, such as rape, as well as those who have been involved in catastrophic accidents such as explosions, cave-ins, and asphyxiation.
		Although psychogenic amnesia, by definition, is not caused by brain insult, injury, or disease, the relation between the syndrome and brain injury is better characterized as one of independence.
		Given that psychogenic amnesia is likely to be encountered frequently in PTSD, it would seem that ample case material would be available for study, and that research-minded clinicians, and clinically-oriented researchers, should take steps to prepare for the systematic study of instances that may come to their attention.
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~kihlstrm/Sutker93.htm (17208 words)

	Indian Journal of Psychiatry
		Phenomenologically the autobiographical memory loss, amnesia for events during the amnestic episode and change of identity (as in fugae and dissociative identity disorder) are all expressions of altered memory organisation.
		Amnesia is a general term for memory disturbance and includes both partial as well as complete loss of memory that may be anterograde and retrograde, defined in terms of the onset of an injury or illness.
		Amnesia for the episode may also be observed when the part of consciousness under the influence of process of "Dissociative Detachment" is de-linked from the personal and environmental context, leading to varying degree of Encoding, Elaboration, and Consolidation failure.
	www.ijponline.org /July2002/indIJPCaseRep1.html (3133 words)

	American Family Physician: Psychogenic amnesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Psychogenic amnesia is a psychiatric disorder characterized by a sudden loss of memory covering a variable period of time, an absence of underlying brain disease and an awareness by the patient that a memory disturbance is present.
		Psychogenic amnesia was first classified with conversion disorder as a hysterical neurosis in the late 1800s.
		Patients with psychogenic fugue states can be distinguished from those with psychogenic amnesia by their involvement in purposeful travel or the acquisition of a new identity.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n1_v41/ai_8773339 (1356 words)

	Struggling to Remember
		Amnesia or memory loss is an extreme case of forgetting that occurs often as a result of severe brain injury or traumatic experience.
		The term amnesia is associated with a broad category of memory deficits ranging from Alzheimer’s disease and anterograde and retrograde amnesia to infantile and childhood amnesia and progressive memory loss due to aging (3).
		Psychogenic amnesia refers to instances in which memory loss is presumed to have a purely psychological basis.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /bb/neuro/neuro02/web1/nalkhaleefa.html (939 words)

	Hypnotic amnesia (from memory abnormality) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Amnesia may be anterograde, in which events following the causative trauma or disease are forgotten, or retrograde, in which events preceding the causative event are forgotten.
		Although commonly thought of as relating to someone who has completely forgotten who and where he or she is, amnesia can apply to the loss of old or new memories; it can be partial or total; and it can be permanent or last only a short time.
		Classic amnesia may be described as the condition of an otherwise healthy person who “wakes up” in a strange place unable to recall his name, where he came from, or where he is going.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=23535 (829 words)

	THE BRAIN FROM TOP TO BOTTOM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Amnesias can be divided into two categories: neurological amnesias (originating from organic lesions) and psychogenic amnesias (arising from psychic traumas).
		Anterograde amnesia, also known as fixation amnesia, is the inability to remember or recognize new information or new events that occurred after the amnesia’s onset.
		Retrograde amnesia, also known as evocation amnesia, is the inability to remember or recognize information or events that occurred prior to onset.
	www.thebrain.mcgill.ca /flash/a/a_07/a_07_p/a_07_p_oub/a_07_p_oub.htm (1674 words)

	Amnesia
		Amnesia is any form of memory malfunction of significant consequence, whether due to organic causes by sudden external injury or progressive internal deterioration, or induced knowingly or unknowingly and including distantly -a commonly known type of this being hypnosis and post-hypnotic unconscious response to planted sub-conscious triggers.
		Organic Amnesia arises from physical injury which destroys or damages the brain or its connections making memory in most cases permanently inaccessible or irrecoverable fully or in part -as a result of accident or by gradual extreme deterioration causing senility (as in the case shock [e.g.
		Mixed Amnesic States, psychogenic amnesia having being inexplicable by science also when attributed to inner conflict arising from an altered state of consciousness -in the case of fugues there appearing to be involved also organic causes such as epileptic which is sometimes also inexplicable, have puzzled science...
	www.geocities.com /gnamns (461 words)

	Dissociative Disorders
		Amnesia is the temporary or permanent loss of a part or whole of memory.
		These less common forms of amnesia are defined as when the diseased either forgets the details of an entire lifetime, or as in the case of continuous amnesia, they can't recall the details prior to a certain point in time, including the present.
		Recognized as an independent clinical syndrome, a fugue is simply the addition to generalized amnesia of a flight from family, problem, or location.
	www.meta-religion.com /Psychiatry/Disorders/dissociative_disorders.htm (463 words)

	Huntsville Hospital - Health Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Amnesia refers to loss of memory and is the result of a traumatic event.
		Retrograde amnesia is a loss of memory that occurs before the time of the event.
		Anterograde amnesia is a loss of memory that occurs after the time of the event, such as forgetting something that happened after having surgery.
	www.hhsys.org /healthlibrary/articles/ment3141.shtml (397 words)

	MPD and Dissociative Disorders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When a person's consciousness, sense of identity, or behavior are found to be seriously disrupted, they may be entering the range of the continuum of dissociation where a disorder is present.
		Psychogenic Amnesia is a sudden inability to recall important personal information that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness and is not associated with an organic mental disorder.
		Psychogenic fugue involves sudden, unexpected travel away a person's usual environment, with an inability to recall the past, that occurs in the absence of an organic mental disorder.
	www.traumahelp.org /mpd_and_dissociative_disorders.htm (968 words)

	Memory Loss & the Brain
		Psychogenic amnesia (also called functional amnesia) is a form of amnesia which occurs in otherwise healthy people -- i.e., it is not the result of a brain injury.
		In one form of psychogenic amnesia, called fugue state, individuals may forget not only their pasts but their very identities.
		Dissociative amnesia is a psychological phenomenon, rather than a physiological one, and may often be resolved with the help of therapy.
	www.memorylossonline.com /glossary/psychogenicamnesia.html (204 words)

	Mental & Emotional Health: Amnesia
		Anterograde amnesia is a loss of memory that occurs after the time of the event.
		Amnesia should always be considered serious enough to call for a full evaluation by a healthcare provider.
		This is amnesia caused by a psychological trauma.
	www.bmhcc.org /health/library/ment3141.asp (385 words)

	Memory Loss & the Brain
		Amnesia is a severe disruption of memory without deficits in intelligence, attention, perception or judgment.
		There are three major classes of amnesia: anterograde amnesia, which is an impairment in storing new memories, retrograde amnesia, which is a loss of old memories, and psychogenic amnesia (or fugue state), which involves temporary loss of identity.
		Anterograde and retrograde amnesia usually result from brain injury or disease, while psychogenic amnesia is a psychological condition that occurs in the absence of brain injury.
	www.memorylossonline.com /glossary/amnesia.html (253 words)

	THE BRAIN FROM TOP TO BOTTOM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Neurological amnesias are caused by specific kinds of damage to the brain, generally in the region where the hippocampus is located.
		Psychogenic amnesias are memory disorders that result from psychological traumas.
		In retrograde amnesia, patients forget events that occurred in their lives before they experienced the trauma, and the oldest facts are the ones least likely to be forgotten.
	www.thebrain.mcgill.ca /flash/i/i_07/i_07_p/i_07_p_oub/i_07_p_oub.htm (1404 words)

	Dissociative Disorders
		Dr. Lowenstein systematically reviews the literature on psychogenic fugue and amnesia, examining the combination of memory loss for specific episodes with evidence of availability of such memories that is at the heart of the dissociative process.
		Psychogenic amnesia can be diagnosed even in the absence of sudden onset, but its usual occurrence in the wake of trauma should be noted.
		Depersonalization, derealization, and psychogenic amnesia are common symptoms during natural disasters, combat, and other forms of physical trauma.
	www-med.stanford.edu /school/Psychiatry/PSTreatLab/dissocdisorder.html (1329 words)

	alt.support.dissociation FAQ 2/4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Schizophrenia sometimes includes fragmented thought and the perception of voices in ones head, as well as a feeling of being controlled by another entity; however, the shift in control does not appear as it does within MPD, and schizophrenic patients generally report their voices as being external in origin.
		Psychogenic Amnesia is a sudden inability to recall important personal information, when not due to any organic cause.
		Like Psychogenic Fugue, this is usually caused by severe psychosocial stress Both psychogenic fugue and psychogenic amnesia are sudden, and they both are usually fairly short-lived, with a complete recovery made.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/dissoc-faq/part2 (1380 words)

	Can Memories be Repressed?
		To demonstrate amnesia, one must first exclude cases in which victims simply tried not to think about the events, pretended that the events never occurred, or appeared to derive secondary gain by merely claiming to have amnesia (i.e.
		Thirdly, to demonstrate 'psychogenic' amnesia, one must exclude cases in which amnesia developed for some biological reason, such as seizures, alcohol and drug intoxication, or head trauma.
		The questionnaire contained a single question regarding amnesia for sexual abuse: 'During the period of time between when the first forced sexual experience happened and your eighteenth birthday was there ever a time when you could not remember the forced sexual experience?' A total of 267 (59%) of the 450 subjects answered 'yes'.
	www.fmsfonline.org /pope95.html (3861 words)

	Psychogenic amnesia (from memory abnormality) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Some forms of amnesia appear to be quite different from those associated with detectable injury or disease of the brain.
		These comprise, first, amnesias that can be induced in apparently normal individuals by means of suggestion under hypnosis; and secondly, amnesias that arise spontaneously in reaction to acute conflict or stress, and which are commonly called…
		More results on "Psychogenic amnesia (from memory abnormality)" when you join.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=23534 (803 words)

	The Straight Dope: Can you get amnesia from a blow to the head?
		Retrograde amnesia is thought to be a failure of the brain's playback mechanism--the memories are still in there, you just can't get at them.
		One form of psychogenic amnesia is called dissociative fugue--the patient forgets his current identity and wanders off, yet remains mentally together enough to start a new life, sometimes remembering his old self only years later.
		Not all psychogenic amnesiacs are unstable, though--in one recent case, a man without apparent physical or psychological problems suffered a two-day bout of anterograde amnesia after a vivid dream that his son had joined the marines and died in Iraq.
	www.straightdope.com /columns/040416.html (912 words)

	Lichtenstein Creative Media - The Infinite Mind: Amnesia
		He notes that amnesia is broken into two distinct categories: those caused by brain trauma (organic amnesia) and one caused by psychological trauma (psychogenic amnesia).
		Jill’s amnesia was caused by an epileptic seizure that occurred after a long session of swimming laps in a pool.
		Physical amnesia is what occurs when there has been some sort of brain insult or trauma and it usually is due to damage to the hippocampal system in the brain.
	www.lcmedia.com /mind0021.htm (1585 words)

	Trauma and Memory Revisited
		Amnesia may occasionally occur in the context of war neurosis, but apparently it does not happen often enough to permit clinicians who were actively looking for it to report a series of cases.
		And while approximately one-third of older children who were earthquake survivors were reported as showing psychogenic amnesia for the event, more than two-thirds of a control group of children who were not directly exposed to the trauma met the same criterion.
		The fact that dissociative amnesia might have biological correlates (Markowitsch, 1999) does not mean it is really "organic" in nature after all: it is axiomatic in contemporary psychology and cognitive science that all mental states have their neural correlates, and this is no less true for dissociative amnesia than it is for conscious recollection.
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~kihlstrm/Tsukuba05.htm (11273 words)

	DSM IV
		This category is included for disorders in which the predominant feature is a Dissociative symptom (i.e., a disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment) that does not meet the criteria for any specific Dissociative Disorder.
		Individuals with Dissociative Identity Disorder can be distinguished from those with trance and possession trance symptoms that would be diagnosed as Dissociative Disorder Not Otherwise Specified by the fact that those with trance and possession trance symptoms typically describe external spirits or entities that have their bodies and taken control.
		Factors that may support a diagnosis of Dissociative Identity Disorder are the presence of clear-cut Dissociative symptomatology with sudden shifts in identity states, reversible amnesia, and high scores on measures of dissociation and hypnotizability in individuals who do not have the characteristic presentations of another mental disorder.
	www.angelfire.com /hero/cloudofheart1/dsm_iv.html (1518 words)

	Trauma and Memory Revisited
		When we say that the amnesic syndrome or posthypnotic amnesia dissociate explicit and implicit memory, we are using the term "dissociation" as a kind of synonym for statistical interaction.
		And it is "psychogenic" in that it is caused by a mental state, namely mental trauma -- or mental processes of repression or dissociation.
		To be clear: a functional amnesia is one that is not associated with brain insult, injury, or disease; a psychogenic amnesia has a mental, as opposed to an organic cause.
	ist-socrates.berkeley.edu /~kihlstrm/Tsukuba05.htm (11273 words)

	Selected Traumatic Amnesia Publications
		Why amnesia is a response to childhood abuse, the cognitive architecture of these dissociations, why and how traumatic amnesia occurs, and the implications of these findings are discussed.
		Amnesia enables the child to maintain an attachment with a figure vital to survival, development, and thriving.
		According to betrayal trauma theory, a potent motivation for knowledge isolation (including amnesia, dissociation, and unawareness) in the face of trauma is to preserve apparently necessary human relationships in which betrayal occurs.
	dynamic.uoregon.edu /~jjf/traumapapers.html (4898 words)

	Dissociative Amnesia
		Localised amnesia: is present in a individual who has no memory of specific events that took place, usually traumatic.
		Dissociative amnesia appears to be caused by stress associated with traumatic experiences endured or witnessed, physical or sexual abuse, rape, combat, natural disasters; major life stresses, abandonment, death of a loved one, financial troubles; or tremendous internal conflict, turmoil over guilt-ridden impulses, apparently unresolvable interpersonal difficulties, criminal behaviors.
		Fugue is often thought to be malingering, because the fugue may remove the person from accountability for his actions, may absolve him of certain responsibilities, or may reduce his exposure to a hazard (such as a dangerous job assignment).
	www.psychnet-uk.com /dsm_iv/dissociative_amnesia.htm (606 words)

	GN Online: Medical Options
		Psychogenic memory impairment can affect either recent or remote recall, usually in clinically recognisable patterns.
		For example, psychogenic amnesia tends to be greatest for emotionally important events and may delete from the patient's memory well-defined blocks of past events while leaving intact the recall of preceding or following material and may affect remote memory equally with recent ones.
		Patients with other forms of organic amnesia do less well unless the memory loss was caused by drugs or inter-current illness.
	www.gulf-news.com /Articles/print.asp?ArticleID=23833 (589 words)

	Search Results for psychogenic - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Psychogenic shock causes fainting, probably by initiating dilation of the blood vessels that perfuse the muscles.
		In psychogenic pain disorder the main feature is the persistent complaint of pain in the absence of organic disease and with evidence of a psychological cause.
		The differentiation of organic from functional amnesia not uncommonly assumes legal importance, as in cases in which compensation is sought for disability held to be due to industrial or road...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=psychogenic&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (362 words)

	Assignment 6
		Attempt to solve the following problems taken from Schacter (1996) - Chapter 8 (Psychogenic Amnesia); Baddeley (1998) - Chapter 16 (Amnesia); Nash (2000) - The new science of…; Kluger (2000) - The Battle to Save…; and Drummond (1999) - Elixirs for your memory.
		You will receive 10 points for attempting ALL of the problems; you will receive the other 10 points when you submit a final, corrected version of the assignment.
		What roles do dissociation, repression and inhibition play in psychogenic amnesia?
	www.csudh.edu /psych/lcarrier/p490sp02a06.htm (154 words)

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