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Topic: Psychological warfare

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	Psychological warfare - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although not always accredited as the first practitioner of psychological warfare, Alexander the Great of Macedon undoubtedly showed to be effective in swaying the mindsets of the populaces that were expropriated in his campaigns.
		This was a form of psychological warfare, because the image that he created for himself greatly influenced and swayed the German people to eventually follow him to what would ultimately become their own destruction.
		Erwin Rommel was the primary target of the psychological aspects of this operation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Psychological_warfare (1357 words)

	Psychological Operations In Guerrilla Warfare
		Guerrilla warfare is born and grows in the political environment; in the constant combat to dominate that area of political mentality that is inherent to all human beings and which collectively constitutes the "environment" in which guerrilla warfare moves, and which is where precisely its victory or failure is defined.
		The tactical effort in guerrilla warfare is directed at the weaknesses of the enemy and at destroying their military resistance capacity, and should be parallel to a psychological effort to weaken and destroy their sociopolitical capacity at the same time.
		Psychological Tactics, Maximum Flexibility Psychological tactics will have the greatest flexibility within a general plan, permitting a continuous and immediate adjustment of the message, and ensuring that an impact is caused on the indicated target group at the moment in which it is the most susceptible.
	www.tscm.com /CIA_PsyOps_Handbook.html (13017 words)

	History of PSYOP
		Psychological Operations or PSYOP are planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of organizations, groups, and individuals.
		Psychological operations may be defined broadly as the planned use of communications to influence human attitudes and behavior...
		The principal psychological objective of these attacks was to persuade enemy leaders to negotiate an early end to the conflicts on terms acceptable to the United States.
	www.psywarrior.com /psyhist.html (4456 words)

	Middle East Newsline - Area News - Updated Daily
		Proponents of psychological warfare are found in the Pentagon as well as in the U.S. strategic community.
		Their argument is that propaganda and psychological warfare can spark tension within the inner circle of the Saddam regime.
		Advocates of psychological warfare said the method was successfully used by the U.S. military during the current war in Afghanistan.
	www.menewsline.com /stories/2001/december/12_25_3.html (337 words)

	An Introduction to Psychological Warfare and Propaganda
		However, psychological warfare is not specifically limited only to a military application, and much of the research has found use in other areas, in other segments of the capitalist propaganda and social control machinery.
		The increasing non-military use of psychological warfare techniques has become commonplace: the barrage of psychological warfare tricks advertising and media corporations use to beguile the naive and the susceptible are only one element.
		While psychological warfare has been in existence for thousands of years, it must be acknowledged that the US is the current world leader in psychological warfare techniques.
	www.geocities.com /cpa_blacktown_02/19990521intropsychowar.htm (9305 words)

	PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE - AS AGAINST HUNGARIANS IN RUMANIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The psychological warfare is the collective employment of the different types of propagandas, battle propagandas using existing technologies and their latest developments.
		For the proper development of the strategy, tactics and battling propaganda operation of psychological warfare, it is absolutely necessary to know the details of the strengths, weaknesses, value judgement and dynamics of the hostile target group.
		Using the definition and model of psychological warfare and searching for its examples in Romania, it is conspicuous, that one barely has to read into Romanian newspapers, listen to the radio, converse with Hungarian people in Transylvania, one can find plenty of examples for the definitions and models in the article.
	www1.minn.net /~graczar/psycholo.htm (8875 words)

	PSYOP PSYOPS PSYWAR Psychological Operations Psychological Warfare (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Psychological Operations (PSYOP) and Psychological Warfare (PSYWAR), these words generate thoughts of North Vietnam's "Hanoi Hanna", Japan's "Tokyo Rose" and more recently the Iraq's infamous "Baghdad Betty" of Desert Storm.
		To others the words psychological operations and psychological warfare conjure up images of our military playing mind games with the enemy.
		Links on the use of psychological operations/warfare during World Wars I and II, Korean War, Vietnam, Grenada, Panama (Operation Just Cause) Gulf War (Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, Haiti (Operation Uphold Democracy), Somalia (Operation Restore Hope), Bosnia and Kosovo (Operation Allied Force), Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom) and Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom).
	www.psywarrior.com (228 words)

	IWS Psychological Operations (PsyOps) / Influence Operations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Consolidation Psychological Operations - Psychological operations conducted in foreign areas inhabited by an enemy or potentially hostile populace and occupied by United States forces, or in which United States forces are based, designed to produce behaviors by the foreign populace that support United States objectives in the area.
		Psychological Operations - Planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals.
		The purpose of psychological operations is to induce or reinforce foreign attitudes and behavior favorable to the originator’s objectives.
	www.iwar.org.uk /psyops (1670 words)

	Scholars perfect psychological warfare techniques
		Hans Speier's emergence as a prominent "private" advocate of expanded psychological warfare shortly after his work with Frank Wisner at the Occupied Areas Division at the State Department, discussed previously, is one example of an informal link between a prominent POQ author and the government's clandestine warfare programs.
		Among those on the board with readily identifiable dependencies on government psychological warfare contracting were Hadley Cantril, Harold Lasswell, Paul Lazarsfeld, and Rensis Likert, whose role as government contractors are documented in Chapters 5, 6, 7, and 8 of this study.
		At least four of these stemmed directly or indirectly from ongoing psychological warfare projects, including work by Hans Speier and Herbert Goldhamer (both of RAND Corp.), Samuel Stouffer (from the American Soldier project), and Leo Lowenthal (then the director of research for the Voice of America, whose political odyssey is discussed in Chapter 6).
	www.cia-on-campus.org /social/simpson.html (1417 words)

	OSS -- Development of Psychological Warfare
		The phrase "psychological warfare" is reported to have first entered English in 1941 as a translated mutation of the Nazi term Weltanschauungs- krieg (literally, worldview warfare), meaning the purportedly scientific application of propaganda, terror, and state pressure as a means of securing an ideological victory over one's enemies.
		For Donovan psychological warfare was destined to become a full arm of the U.S. military, equal in status to the army, navy, and air force.
		For this reason, in political warfare, the more specific term is "manipulative persuasion." It includes the use of bribery, flmail, and the threat or application of such physical acts of violence as kidnaping, torture, and the use of "controls" over selected targets or agents.
	www.icdc.com /~paulwolf/oss/foundations_old.htm (1712 words)

	US Psychological Warfare Effort to be Outsourced - Indymedia Ireland
		The Tampa-based military headquarters, which oversees commandos and psychological warfare, may spend up to $100 million for the media campaign in the next five years.
		Psychological operations support national security objectives at the tactical, operational and strategic levels of operations.
		Both tactical and theater-level psychological operations may be used to enhance peacetime military activities of conventional and special operations forces operating in foreign countries.
	www.indymedia.ie /newswire.php?story_id=70227 (1767 words)

	Coping With Psychological Warfare at Home
		Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one way or another as the enemy sought to break the morale of their opponent.
		Whether it's a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfare aren't limited to the physical damage inflicted.
		Bulliet says terrorists frequently exploit images of a group of masked individuals exerting total power over their captives to send the message that the act is a collective demonstration of the group's power rather than an individual criminal act.
	foxnews.webmd.com /content/article/89/100218.htm?src=rss_foxnews (608 words)

	War on Terrorism - Iraq - PSYOP: Psychological Warfare Operations
		It is a unique form of warfare aimed at the heartbeat of Iraq.
		Psychological Operations groups, battalions and companies will support all of the armed services throughout the conflict.
		If the majority of the inhabitants of Iraq are completely convinced that Saddam and his entire regime are about to fall, there could be little resistance and the carnage of war would be minimized.
	www.cdi.org /terrorism/psyop.cfm (892 words)

	Communist Psychological Warfare
		Communist psychological warfare is now winning such extensive victories in the United States that the Red bloc will not need to employ direct military force against us in order to win the total war which they are waging, with this country the principal target.
		Edward Hunter, whose distinguished career as foreign correspondent, author, editor, world traveler, and specialist in psychological warfare eminently qualifies him to speak authoritatively on the subject at hand.
		The basis for the modern psychological warfare, which makes it different from whatever was done in the past, are the findings of the Russian physiologist, Pavlov.
	www.crossroad.to /Quotes/globalism/Congress.htm (13704 words)

	OSS -- The Psychology of War
		Civilians were organized into partisan militias, and psychological terror was considered a weapon just like any other in the military's arsenal.
		SI agents were tasked to collect information about the vulnerabilities of enemy groups, both civil and military, and about neutral populations, to be exploited by psychological warfare.
		Since CIA records are not yet available to the public, the study of psychological warfare in the cold war must be based on secondary sources, such as those used in this webpage.
	www.icdc.com /~paulwolf/oss/oss.htm (796 words)

	The Books Paul Linebarger Wrote, Other Than His Cordwainer Smith Ones
		It is possible, but by no means probable, that the rapid development of psychological and related sciences in the Western world may provide whole new answers to the threats which surround modern Americans, including the supreme answer of peace as an alternative to war or the secondary answer of victory in the event of war....
		Too specific a concentration on the problem of winning a war may cause a leader or his expert consultants to concentrate on solutions derived from past experience, therewith leading him to miss new and different solutions which might be offered by his own time.
		The temper of the U.S. forces in Korea was demonstrated by a Reserve sergeant who scarcely knew he was in the Reserves until he was on a boat bound for Pusan.
	www.cordwainer-smith.com /otherbooks.htm (1059 words)

	Our Psyops Disasters by William S. Lind
		I recently received an invitation to speak at a conference at Ft. Bragg on psychological operations, or psyops.
		The end result is that, regardless of who wins the firefights, our enemies win one psychological victory after another.
		In a type of war where the moral and mental levels far outweigh the physical level, it is not hard to see where that road ends.
	www.lewrockwell.com /lind/lind24.html (644 words)

	Psyops - SourceWatch
		Psyops by contrast are narrow tactics that apply mostly to combatants and key political figures, intended to reduce morale and cause fatal hesitation or tactical error.
		They are not morally distinguishable from simple feint or misdirection or distraction on the battlefield, or the basic signals warfare that encourages the enemy to be in the wrong place at the right time.
		The answer it seems is that they were part of a psychological warfare strategy.
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Psyops (1270 words)

	Psychological Warfare, Psychological Operations PSYOPS, & Aerial Propaganda Leaflets
		If any readers can supply any further information about psychological warfare in Malaya or can help with English translations of Chinese or Malay then please contact the editor.
		Psychological warfare played a part in putting down the Mau Mau and cleansing them of the Blood Oath.
		Psychological operations in other wars are also covered including the Malayan Insurgency, the Korean War, the Falklands War, Operation Urgent Fury PSYOP (Grenada), Operation Just Cause PSYOPs (US intervention in Panama 1989), Operation Desert Storm PSYOPs (Persian Gulf War), Operation Restore Hope psychological operations (Somalia, 1992-93), Operation Allied Force propaganda (Serbia/Kosovo 1999).
	www.psywar.org (1626 words)

	Alex Jones Presents Infowars.com to Fight the New World Order -- Shuttle Disaster/NORTHWOODS
		Understand, the psychological warfare technicians do not even need to publicly blame Iraq for the Columbia disaster.
		I pointed out many times on the air that they are using primitive psychological mechanisms built into our most primitive programming to unify and control us.
		Child kidnappings are actually down by two thirds since the late 1980's and early 1990, but the unified bureaus of propaganda (ABC, CNN, FOX etc.) have been playing it up as an incredible epidemic.
	www.infowars.com /shuttle.htm (685 words)

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