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Topic: Psychological

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	Psychological Harassment
		Psychological harassment is not a new phenomenon but it is one that is on the rise.
		Psychological harassment is viewed as direct or indirect tactics used to get rid of someone or to break them down psychologically and should not be confused with stress related to work performance.
		For the purposes of this Act, “psychological harassment” means any vexatious behaviour in the form of repeated and hostile or unwanted conduct, verbal comments, actions or gestures, that affects an employee’s dignity or psychological or physical integrity and that results in a harmful work environment for the employee.
	psychologicalharassment.netfirms.com (1139 words)

	Psychology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Increasingly, though, an understanding of brain function is being included in psychological theory and practice, particularly in areas such as artificial intelligence, neuropsychology, and cognitive neuroscience.
		Academic psychologists may focus purely on research and psychological theory, aiming to further psychological understanding in a particular area, while other psychologists may work in applied psychology to deploy such knowledge for immediate and practical benefit.
		The divisions are largely arbitrary and overlapping (although they may have been formalised into areas of interest by psychological societies or regulatory bodies) and most psychologists will use methods from each area as appropriate, even if they mostly focus on one area of interest in their work.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Psychological (2755 words)

	Egoism [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		This is because, in response to their opponents, psychological egoists may attempt to shift the question away from outward appearances to ultimate motives of acting benevolently towards others; for example, they may claim that seemingly altruistic behavior (giving a stranger some money) necessarily does have a self-interested component.
		If psychological egoism is reduced to an assumption concerning human nature and its hidden motives, then it follows that it is just as valid to hold a competing theory of human motivation such as psychological altruism.
		For example, one can argue that the psychological egoist’s notion of motive sidesteps the clashes that her theory has with the notion of duty, and, related social virtues such as honor, respect, and reputation, which fill the tomes of history and literature.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/e/egoism.htm (4051 words)

	Psychological operations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Psychological Operations (PSYOP or PSYOPS) are planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to specific foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of governments, organizations, groups, and individuals.
		The purpose of psychological operations is to induce or reinforce attitudes and behaviors favorable to the originator's objectives.
		While women are allowed to hold the psychological operations specialty in the Army, they are not allowed to serve on TPTs in a war zone due to the high level of contact with the enemy (although this rule is occasionally bent).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Psyops (497 words)

	Trust and breach of the psychological contract Administrative Science Quarterly - Find Articles
		Although the psychological contract was originally defined by Argyris (1960), Levinson (1962), and Schein (1980) to characterize the subjective nature of employment relationships, the present conceptualization focuses on individuals' beliefs in and interpretation of a promissory contract.
		Psychological contracts, comprising perceived obligations, must be distinguished from expectations, which are general beliefs held by employees about what they will find in their job and the organization.
		Psychological contracts, by contrast, entail beliefs about what employees believe they are entitled to receive, or should receive, because they perceive that their employer conveyed promises to provide those things.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m4035/is_n4_v41/ai_19137711 (753 words)

	Egoism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		The psychological egoist might handle apparent cases of self-sacrifice, not by adopting the trivial version, but rather by claiming that facts about the self-interest of the agent explain all behavior.
		Faced with these difficulties, the psychological egoist might move to what Gregory Kavka 1986 64-80 calls “predominant egoism:” we act unselfishly only rarely, and then typically where the sacrifice is small and the gain to others is large or where those benefiting are friends, family, or favorite causes.
		Since psychological egoism seems false, it may be rational for me to make an uncompensated sacrifice for the sake of others, for this may be what, on balance, best satisfies my (strong, non-self-interested) preferences.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/egoism (4310 words)

	Psychoilogical Anthropology by Kristin Alten (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Psychological anthropology is a subdiscipline of anthropology which investigates the psychological conditions that encourage endurance and change in social systems, with the goal of better understanding the relationship between culture and the individual.
		Psychological anthropologists found this approach more acceptable than basic personality structure because it expressed the character of a group as being the most frequent type encountered, rather than generalizing that traits were absolute or that all of the members of a culture have the same personality structure.
		Also, it was impossible for anthropologists to describe the psychological characteristics of a culture without expressing their western biases, most notably seen in the national character studies which were based on stereotypes.
	www.indiana.edu /~wanthro/psych.htm (2478 words)

	Red Cross Red Crescent - Psychological support
		Psychological support is increasingly becoming an accepted element in relief, care, support and first aid throughout the world.
		Psychological support programmes have an important long-term goal of strengthening a country's preparedness to respond to stress-related problems should another disaster occur.
		Psychological debriefing allows the delegate to express him or herself, gain feedback on stress and other factors affecting his psychological well-being and ease the re-entry process.
	www.ifrc.org /what/health/psycholog/index.asp (1596 words)

	Psychological Testing \| Psychological Assessment
		Psychological tests are usually administered and interpreted by a psychologist because studies in psychopathology, along with academic courses and supervision in psychological testing, are an integral part of the doctoral degree in clinical psychology.
		Academic courses and supervision in psychological testing are usually not a part of a psychiatrist’s medical training, so most psychiatrists can ethically administer only some specific clinical tests that are straight-forward check-lists of symptoms.
		Sometimes a psychologist who runs a clinic or has a private office will use legally registered assistants (in California these persons are called “psychological assistants” or “registered psychologists”) or student interns to administer and score psychological tests under his or her direct supervision.
	www.guidetopsychology.com /testing.htm (3627 words)

	Psychological Abuse
		Psychological violence, on the other hand, may be characterized as carrying an implied threat of physical violence, or attempt to intimidate or control the other person.
		Psychological violence that falls short of criminal behavior but is nevertheless likely to be experienced as traumatic (Category 2) could be considered when deciding treatment plans, interventions or additional treatment and may be reported to probation depending on the frequency of the acts.
		Because psychological abuse is likely to regularly occur with male batterers in treatment, it is suggested that counselors clarify with probation, the courts, and clients themselves what acts of psychological abuse will be considered a "re-offense" and therefore reported to the court (or probation).
	www.daniel-sonkin.com /PsychAb.html (5999 words)

	Psychological tests
		Psychological tests are written, visual, or verbal evaluations administered to assess the cognitive and emotional functioning of children and adults.
		Psychological tests are used to assess a variety of mental abilities and attributes, including achievement and ability, personality, and neurological functioning.
		All psychological tests should be administered, scored, and interpreted by a trained professional, preferably a psychologist or psychiatrist with expertise in the appropriate area.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/psychological_tests.jsp (1048 words)

	Psychology - Science or Religion?
		The psychologizers in the Church are not providing spiritual sustenance to those they try to make comfortable in their self-centeredness.
		Psychological counselors undermine pastors and have developed a formula for referral: (1) Anyone who is not psychologically trained is not qualified to counsel those people with the really serious problems of living; and (2) Refer them to professional trained therapists.
		This is one predictable and pathetic pattern of the psychological seduction of Christianity.
	www.rapidnet.com /~jbeard/bdm/Psychology/psych.htm (7146 words)

	Psychological Screening
		If the state requires a license for providers of psychological services, they should be licensed as psychologists in their state and be in good standing (Gettys, 1987, I-1).
		Psychologist retains pre-employment psychological records for the time specified in State Statutes, or in the absence of such statutes, follows a written plan regarding the removal of old records (Gettys, 1987, III-6a; 6b).
		Psychological screening of peace officers: A clinical- industrial psychological process.
	home.earthlink.net /~medtox/psych.html (1201 words)

	Classics in the History of Psychology -- Jung (1921/1923) Chapter 10
		Should the symptoms be functional, their peculiar formation may symbolically express the psychological situation; a singer, for instance, whose fame quickly reaches a dangerous pitch tempting him to a disproportionate outlay of energy, is suddenly robbed of his high tones by a nervous inhibition.
		It is a fact of experience that all the basic psychological functions seldom or never have the same strength or grade of development in one and the same individual.
		This circumstance aggravates the difficulty of a lucid presentation of psychological matters to a degree not to be underestimated, and immeasurably increases the possibility of misunderstandings.
	psychclassics.yorku.ca /Jung/types.htm (21463 words)

	Psychological Operations
		The purpose of psychological operations (PSYOP) is to demoralize the enemy by causing dissension and unrest among his ranks, while at the same time convincing the local population to support American troops.
		Psychological Operations are a vital part of the broad range of U.S. political, military, economic and ideological activities used by the U.S. government to secure national objectives.
		In addition to the 4th Psychological Operations Group (Airborne), there are two Psychological Operations Groups (the 2nd and 7th PSYOP Groups) in the U. Army Reserve which are under the command of the U.S. Army Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations Command.
	www.psywarrior.com /psyop.html (2092 words)

	Psychological pricing - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Psychological pricing is a theory in marketing that these prices have a psychological impact that drives demand greater than would be expected if consumers were perfectly rational.
		Psychological pricing is one cause of price points.
		Some studies show that buyers, even young children, have a very sophisticated understanding of true cost and relative value and that, to the limits of the accuracy of the test, they behave rationally.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /psychological_price.htm (590 words)

	PsychSite
		A psychological disorder characterized by unrealistic and excessive fear of a particular class of stimuli.
		A psychological disorder characterized by the emergence of two or more complete and independently functioning personalities in one person, although only one personality is dominant at any one time.
		A psychological disorder characterized by a failure to conform to accepted standards of decency, repeated lying and stealing, failure to sustain loving relationships, a low tolerance for boredom, and an absence of guilt and anxiety.
	www.abacon.com /psychsite/disorders_act.html (315 words)

	Psychological Egoism and Ethical Egoism
		Psychological egoism is the claim that people always act selfishly, to foster their own self-interest or happiness.
		Psychological hedonism is the claim that people always act to attain their own pleasure and avoid pain.
		The premise of the argument (psychological egoism or hedonism) is highly questionable, for the reasons given in the first part of this handout.
	instruct.westvalley.edu /lafave/Egoism.html (2110 words)

	Psychological Therapies
		The notion of bodily humors is similar to the contemporary idea of genetically determined psychological traits.
		Many psychological disorders were seen as disturbances of the spirit and therefore in the sphere of the church.
		By the 17th century in Europe, people with psychological disorders or "madmen" were seen as dangerous animals who should be caged in order to protect society.
	web.umr.edu /~pfyc212b/Therapy.htm (2470 words)

	Psychological Effects of U.S. Air Operations in Four Wars
		The principal psychological objective of these attacks was to persuade enemy leaders to negotiate an early end to the conflicts on terms acceptable to the United States.
		To ensure that future combat leaders and planners understand the psychological dimensions of warfare, the psychological effects of military operations and PSYOP should receive increased coverage in military training and in the curricula of the service war colleges and command and staff schools.
		Among the capabilities that might have particularly strong psychological effects would be sensors and weapons that would allow U.S. aircraft to detect and attack effectively enemy (1) artillery and mortars immediately upon their firing and (2) personnel and equipment positioned in camouflaged, hardened emplacements or under heavy foliage.
	www.rand.org /pubs/monograph_reports/MR576/index2.html (5952 words)

	Psychological type - Wikiquote
		In these cases the most differentiated function is always employed in an extraverted way, where as the inferior functions are introverted; in other words, the superior function is the most conscious one and completely under conscious control, whereas the less differentiated functions are in part unconscious and far less under the control of consciousness.
		On the contrary, there is a constant influx of unconscious contents into the conscious psychological process, to such a degree that at times it is hard for the observer to decide which character traits belong to the conscious and which to the unconscious personality.
		Therefore, if we wish to define the psychological peculiarity of a man in terms that will satisfy not only our own subjective judgment but also the object judged, we must take as our criterion that state or attitude which is felt by the object to be the conscious, normal condition.
	en.wikiquote.org /wiki/Psychological_Type (2913 words)

	AllRefer.com - psychological test (Psychology And Psychiatry) - Encyclopedia
		psychological test, any of a variety of testing procedures for measuring psychological traits and behavior, or for studying some specialized aspect of ability.
		One of the most widely used objective tests is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), created in 1942 (and updated in the early 1990s) with the goal of defining a "normal" personality and detecting specific deviances.
		Sensory functions, such as visual acuity and hearing, are also measured, and tests have also been devised for special aptitudes, such as memory and creativity.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/psychtest.html (630 words)

	Psychological Testing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In offering psychological testing services on site, RCBM is able to maintain its philosophy of being able to provide a wide spectrum of diagnostic and treatment options under the same roof.
		Psychological testing begins with the collection of a developmental history, which includes information about the patient’s health, behavioral, emotional, social, and academic backgrounds.
		However, most people find the process of psychological testing to be quite enjoyable, and are able to learn a great deal about themselves as a result of their testing experience.
	www.rcbm.net /psychological_neuropsychological_testing.htm (1097 words)

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