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Topic: Psychotropic

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May 11

	Psychotropic Medications at Schools
		Psychotropic medications are drugs that have an altering effect on perception, emotion or behavior.
		Below is a list of states that have laws related to psychotropic medications at schools and a chart of states that introduced legislation in the 2004 session.
		Specifies that refusal of a parent or guardian of a child to administer or consent to the administration of any psychotropic drug or psychological or psychiatric evaluations or treatments would not constitute a basis for finding that the child should be removed from the custody of the parent or guardian.
	www.ncsl.org /programs/health/ritalin.htm (1497 words)

	Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A list of psychotropic substances, and their corresponding Schedules, was annexed to the 1971 treaty.
		Article 32 allows an exemption for peyote and other "plants growing wild which contain psychotropic substances from among those in Schedule I and which are traditionally used by certain small, clearly determined groups in magical or religious rites".
		Cultivation of plants for the purpose of obtaining psychotropic substances or raw materials for the manufacture of such substances is not "manufacture" in the sense of Article 1, paragraph (i).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Convention_on_Psychotropic_Substances (5274 words)

	Monitor on Psychology - Psychologists and psychotropic medication
		On average, one in three of responding psychologists’ patients are on psychotropic drugs.
		Indeed, psychologists treating patients who have been prescribed psychotropic drugs are in a good position to monitor compliance, observe possible behavioral or physical side effects and evaluate a drug’s effectiveness, notes Michael Enright, PhD, RN, a practicing psychologist in Jackson Hole, Wyo., who, as a licensed RN, has prescriptive authority.
		Respondents also mentioned other reasons that contributed to their view of psychotropics as playing a positive role in therapy, such as the somatic nature of certain disorders and positive patient feedback.
	www.apa.org /monitor/jun06/psychotropic.html (1105 words)

	eMJA: Austin and Mitchell, Psychotropic medications in pregnant women: treatment dilemmas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Conclusions: While some psychotropes are associated with congenital anomalies and perinatal complications, mental illness per se may also be associated with an adverse outcome in the infant.
		Psychotropic drug use in pregnancy may be associated with three types of adverse outcome for the infant.
		Before a decision concerning the use of psychotropic medication in pregnant women can be made, the risk-benefit ratio must be determined and discussed with the parents.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/oct19/austin/austin.html (3405 words)

	Antidepressants During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: MEDLINE Abstracts
		Use of psychotropic medications during pregnancy is appropriate in many clinical situations and should include thoughtful weighing of risk of prenatal exposure versus risk of relapse following drug discontinuation.
		The present paper first reviews the safety of psychotropes in breast-fed infants and the usefulness of prophylaxis for women at risk of postpartum affective relapse and, second, provides guidelines in the use of psychotropic drugs in breast-feeding women.
		Although psychotropic drugs have not been tested or approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use during pregnancy, some women continue to take these medications while they are pregnant, particularly since mood and anxiety disorders cluster in women during childbearing years.
	www.psycom.net /depression.central.breastfeeding.html (5444 words)

	Psychotropic drug prescriptions for teens surge 250 percent over 7 year period
		Psychotropic drug prescriptions for teenagers skyrocketed 250 percent between 1994 and 2001, rising particularly sharply after 1999, when the federal government allowed direct-to-consumer advertising and looser promotion of off-label use of prescription drugs, according to a new Brandeis University study in the journal Psychiatric Services.
		This dramatic increase in adolescent visits to health care professionals which resulted in a prescription for a psychotropic drug occurred despite the fact that few psychotropic drugs, typically prescribed for ADHD, depression and other mood disorders, are approved for use in children under 18.
		Also, between 14 and 26 percent of visits in which psychotropic medications were prescribed did not have an associated mental health diagnosis, said lead author Professor Cindy Parks Thomas, an expert on prescription drug trends, at Brandeis University's Heller School for Social Policy and Management.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-01/bu-pdp010306.php (444 words)

	MPs meet in seminar on narcotic drugs', psychotropic substances' control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		House members are attending the two-day educational seminar on the control of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances trafficking and use organized jointly by the Social Affairs Standing Committee and the Drugs Administration and Control Authority (DACA).
		This increasing use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances were entailing huge problems related, among others, to health, social living and economic welfare, he said.
		In an effort to containing the problem, the Government had ratified and was implementing three UN agreements and one protocol on the prevention and control of narcotic drugs' and psychotropic substances' trafficking and use, he said.
	www.waltainfo.com /EnNews/2004/Feb/07Feb04/Feb07e3.htm (382 words)

	Psychotropic Drug Metabolism in Old Age
		Although many of these studies focus on psychotropic drugs, the quality of the data base is variable, often because the elderly present special problems and constraints.
		Emphasis is placed on the biologic bases of these concepts, methods of measurement, their relation to physiologic changes in the elderly, and implications for psychotropic drug use in the aging population.
		The duration of action of some psychotropic drugs may be expected to change in the elderly as a consequence of a change in distribution, but this theoretical possibility has not been tested in controlled studies.
	www.acnp.org /g4/GN401000140/CH137.html (3923 words)

	Relating to psychotropic medication administered to children; creating new provisions; amending ORS 342.175; and ...
		Relating to psychotropic medication administered to children; creating new provisions; amending ORS 342.175; and declaring an emergency.
		Prohibits public school personnel from requiring that psychotropic medication be prescribed for or dispensed to students.
		The commission may require an applicant for reinstatement to furnish evidence satisfactory to the commission of good moral character, mental and physical health and such other evidence as the commission may consider necessary to establish the applicant's fitness.
	www.leg.state.or.us /01reg/measures/hb3600.dir/hb3630.intro.html (639 words)

	Encyclopedia: Convention on Psychotropic Substances (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The Psychotropic Substances Act of 1978 amended the Controlled Substances Act to ensure compliance with the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
		At its 1045th meeting, on April 29, 1991, the Commission on Narcotic Drugs approved the transfer of dronabinol and its stereochemical variants from Schedule I to Schedule II of the Convention, while leaving other tetrahydrocannabinols and their stereochemical variants in Schedule I. 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
		In an unusual departure from its normally pro-industry leanings, the INCB issued a press release in 2001 warning of excessive use of licit psychotropics: 2001: A Space Odyssey.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Convention-on-Psychotropic-Substances (9309 words)

	Children
		school were receiving psychotropic medications, primarily phenothiazines, and that 76% of these commenced treatment by their fourth year of life.
		The rarity of the use of psychotropic medications in very young children reported by experts in pediatric psychopharmacology suggests that they are much more reticent than the physicians treating the children in these studies.
		Given that there is no empirical evidence to support psychotropic drug treatment in very young children and that there are valid concerns that such treatment could have deleterious effects on the developing brain, the reasons for these troubling changes in practice need to be identified.
	www.contac.org /contaclibrary/children19.htm (814 words)

	Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The Convention on Psychotropic Substances was adopted in 1971 under the auspices of the United Nations.
		It requires its parties to criminalize the use, possession or manufacture of drugs referred to in its schedule, which can be updated.
		Provisions to prevent the international trafficking of drugs covered by this Convention are contained in the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Convention_on_Psychotropic_Substances (110 words)

	Psychotropic Drugs Safe For Children
		DALLAS, Nov 09 (Reuters Health) -- Psychotropic drugs such as Ritalin and imipramine are safe and effective for the vast majority of children who need them, according to new guidelines from the American Heart Association (AHA).
		The guidelines, written by the AHA's Committee on Congenital Cardiac Defects and released Monday at the organization's annual meeting, also state that electrocardiograms can help to identify those rare children at risk of sudden cardiac death, in whom the drugs would be contraindicated.
		Psychotropic medications may interfere with the conduction system of the heart, and psychotropics are contraindicated in children with conduction abnormalities, particularly long-QT syndrome.
	www.personalmd.com /news/a1998110913.shtml (296 words)

	Psychotropic Medication
		The term psychotropic medication refers to psychiatric drugs taken by those suffering from mental health problems.
		Some mental disorders that can be managed with psychotropic medications are depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
		Psychotropic medication can be divided into four broad categories.
	www.medicationwizard.com /psychotropic-medication.htm (181 words)

	Psychotropic Substances 2005
		Psychotropic Substances - Substances psychotropes - Sustancias Sicotropicas
		Niveaux de consommation des substances psychotropes en doses quotidiennes déterminées à des fins statistiques (S-DDD) par millier d'habitants et par jour
		Prohibition of and restrictions on export and import pursuant to article 13 of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971
	www.incb.org /incb/en/psychotropic_substances_2005.html (393 words)

	Workplace safety and the use of psychotropic medication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Psychotropic medications are commonly prescribed and taken by the UK workforce, perhaps to the extent of 10% during any one year.
		The preparations are used to treat relatively common conditions, such as depression, eating disorders, anxiety or sleep problems.
		given the large number of working individuals taking psychotropic medication more should be known about how they affect performance and thus further research is advocated.
	www.safetynews.co.uk /we311004/Workplace%20safety%20and%20the%20use%20of%20psychotropic%20medication.htm (205 words)

	SCADPlus: Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances: internal aspects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		To prevent the manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances legitimately marketed in the Community from being diverted for illicit purposes.
		Council Directive 92/109/EEC of 14 December 1992 on the manufacture and the placing on the market of certain substances used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances [Official Journal L 370, 19.12.1992].
		According to this Regulation, a customer who purchases a classified substance falling within categories 1 or 2 in Annex I to Directive 92/109/EEC must complete a declaration on his supplier's premises that specifies the use(s) of that substance.
	europe.eu.int /scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l14003b.htm (808 words)

	Research Activities, May 1999: Long-Term Care: Nursing homes are beginning to use psychotropic drugs more often for ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The study found that although the use of antipsychotic drugs increased a bit from 1990 to 1993 (14 percent to 17 percent), clinical factors were slightly more significant in 1993 in use of both antipsychotics and antianxiety/hypnotic drugs.
		This suggests that the use of psychotropic drugs is more clinically motivated than in the past, concludes Nicholas G. Castle, of AtlantiCare Health System, author of the study.
		The author cautions, however, that the changes in psychotropic drug use may not have been specifically related to the NHRA but may instead have been due to increased knowledge about the appropriate indications for psychotropic drug use.
	www.ahcpr.gov /research/may99/ra12.htm (384 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Psychotropic drugs
		During the past 50 years, after major mid-century leaps in psychopharmacology, psychotropic drugs have taken the lead among treatments for mental disorders such as depression and schizophrenia.
		For the millions whose depressed mood becomes a clinical syndrome, though, psychotropic therapy is one way to relieve the symptoms.
		Until solid answers to the many difficult questions are available, physicians are making decisions about whether and when to prescribe psychotropic drugs on the basis of current knowledge and their own clinical experience.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/1997/03_97/psych.htm (3254 words)

	Increased Psychotropic Medication Use Causes Concern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The May 2001 issue of the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine featured a study that showed a consistent increase of psychotropic medication usage in children and adolescents.
		This study showed that prescription prevalence in school-aged children 6 to 14 years increased from 4.4% to 9.5% of the population for stimulants during the study period.
		Ritalin is probably the most widely used psychotropic drug for children.
	www.chiropracticresearch.org /News_increased_psychotropic_med.htm (245 words)

	Psychotropic Drugs Over-prescribed in the West
		Hamid Ghodse, president of the UN's International Narcotics Control Board, said that psychotropic drugs were being used to counter social problems, sometimes without solid medical justification.
		Ghodse, who is Chair of Addiction Psychiatry at St. George's Hospital in London, said that in some countries as many as 25% to 35% of all patients were prescribed psychotropic drugs without being diagnosed with a mental disorder.
		For more information go to: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml If you wish to use copyrighted material for purposes of your own that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright owner.
	www.namiscc.org /News/2002/Summer/OverPrescription.htm (352 words)

	CHID Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The material is organized according to the major classes of psychotropic drugs: antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics and sedative/hypnotics, mood stabilizers, and cognitive enhancers.
		Chapters include psychotropic drug use in long-term care and clinical practice, the brain and the nervous system, neurotransmitters and the effect of aging, delirium and depression, psychosocial well-being and anxiety, dementia and Alzheimer's disease, behavioral symptoms, and anti- Parkinson's and anti-seizure drugs.
		They require documenting the behavioral indication for psychotropic drugs, monitoring their safety and efficacy, drug holidays, behavioral management instead of drugs when possible, and systematic dose reductions unless clinically contraindicated.
	chid.aerie.com /netacgi/nph-brs?Sect1=FINK&d=CHAZ&f=S&l=100&p=1&r=0&op1=OR&s1=@YR>1996&co1=AND&s10=&op4=OR&pg4=MJ&s4="psychotropic+drugs"+antidepressants+tranquilizers&co4=AND&pg5=MJ&op5=OR&s5="drug+effects"+"drug+evaluation"+guidelines&co5=AND&u=/detail/detail.html (8322 words)

	Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971
		The Parties shall take all practicable measures for the prevention of abuse of psychotropic substances and for the early identification, treatment, education, after-care, rehabilitation and social reintegration of the persons involved, and shall co-ordinate their efforts to these ends.
		The Parties shall assist persons whose work so requires to gain an understanding of the problems of abuse of psychotropic substances and of its prevention, and shall also promote such understanding among the general public if there is a risk that abuse of such substances will become widespread.
		Any psychotropic substance or other substance, as well as any equipment, used in or intended for the commission of any of the offences referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall be liable to seizure and confiscation.
	www.druglibrary.org /schaffer/legal/psychotropic.html (6637 words)

	Insight on the News: Doping Kids - link between psychotropic drugs and school violence
		But all of the above were labeled as suffering from a mental illness and were being treated with psychotropic drugs that for years have been known to cause serious adverse effects when given to children.
		But opponents are concerned about evidence they say confirms a close relationship between use of prescribed psychotropic drugs and subsequent use of illegal drugs, including cocaine and heroin.
		David Fassler, a child and adolescent psychiatrist and chairman of the APA group on Children, Adolescents and Their Families, says he is unaware of any research to suggest a correlation between the recent cases of violent behavior in school-age children and the widespread prescription of psychotropic drugs.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1571/is_24_15/ai_54968252 (1320 words)

	State Law and Order Restoration Council Law No
		(d) Possession means the holding of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance by anyone on his person, in his residence, premises, vehicle/vessel and property.
		Whoever is guilty of any of the acts provided in sections 16 to 21 shall, after a prior conviction for the same offence be liable to the maximum punishment provided for such subsequent offence.
		Rules, notifications, orders and directives issued under the Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs Law, 1974 which is repealed by this Law may continue to be applicable in so far as they are not inconsistent with this Law.
	www.ibiblio.org /obl/docs/Narcotic_Drugs_Act.htm (2752 words)

	Rapid Rise in Psychotropic Use Becomes Global Phenomenon -- Arehart-Treichel 39 (24): 1 -- Psychiatric News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Prescribing of psychotropic drugs for youth appears to be surging
		Why psychotropic prescribing is surging not just in the United
		The study was funded by the Department of Health in England.
	pn.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/short/39/24/1-b (710 words)

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