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Topic: Pteridinium

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Emmonaspis

Arkarua

	Pteridinium from the White Sea Region of Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Pteridinium from the White Sea Region of Russia
		Pteridinium is common at the Summer Coast of the White Sea, and has also been found in Australia, Namibia and North Carolina.
		Recent research by UCMP graduate Ben Waggoner suggests that if it was a cnidarian, it was not closely related to living cnidarians; it may belong to a phylum- level group that is now extinct.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /vendian/pteridinium.html (162 words)

	Journal of Paleontology: youngest Ediacaran fossils from Southern Africa, The (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The specimens of Pteridinium carolinaense and Swartpuntia germsi at farm Swartpunt are probably the youngest-known Proterozoic representatives of the Ediacara biota yet described.
		Even in the Phanerozoic, it is difficult to unequivocally recognize chondrophorines in the absence of pleustonic features such as a sail (e.g., Yochelson et al., 1983), and there is considerable controversy whether Ediacara-type annulate discs were pleustonic, gas-filled chondrophores (Stanley, 1986) or benthic, fluid-filled Vendobionts (Seilacher, 1989).
		The cosmopolitan taxon Pteridinium carolinaense confirms the age, and indicates that "normal" Ediacara-type organisms were still very much a part of this Ediacaran climax.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_199711/ai_n8766793/pg_5 (1111 words)

	A Walk Through Time - 700 Million Years Ago - Supple Testimonies
		Orphrydium may be the closest living analogue of the large photosynthetic and chemosynthetic protoctist colonies of the quilted soft-bodied wonders of Ediacara.
		Top-right: A mystery fossil with no known relatives, the species Pteridinium occurs abundantly on the surface of Precambrian sandstones in Namibia, southwest Africa, and other parts of the world.
		Some scientists consider Pteridinium to represent the earliest known animal fossil; others are skeptical that the organism was related to animals at all.
	www.globalcommunity.org /wtt/walk_photos/print_pages/700.htm (235 words)

	Emmonaspis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It may be present in the Burgess Shale of British Columbia as well.
		Conway Morris suggested in 1993 that it might be a Cambrian descendant of the Vendian form Pteridinium.
		Some paleontologists regard it as an early chordate alied with Pikaia et.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emmonaspis (171 words)

	The Precambrian in North Carolina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Four specimens of a very rare Precambrian fossil, Pteridinium carolinaense, have been discovered in the Carolina Slate Belt of central North Carolina.
		Pteridinium is an enigmatic organism that may (or may not!) be related to modern soft corals called “sea pens.” Its presence indicates that a sea was present over a portion of North Carolina during the Late Precambrian.
		This map indicates the presence of Precambrian rocks in the western, central, and northern portions of the state.
	www.paleoportal.org /time_space/state.php?state_id=56&period_id=17 (86 words)

	sgoldberg2
		Disk shapes such as this Cyclomedusa, one of the most common and wide spread Ediacaran fossil, were thought to be a Jelly fish (image thanks to www.surving.com).
		Frond shaped fossils such as this Pteridinium were thought to be ancestors of the sea pens, a relative of sea anemones (image thanks to www.shef.ac.uk).
		Dickinsonia (which we saw above) was thought to be an annelid, a segmented worm because of its resemblance to Spinther (image thanks to njussien.e-constraints.net/ familles-dessins.html).
	www.earth.rochester.edu /ees207/Goldberg/sgoldberg2.html (668 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #6573177 - Pteridinium: an element of late Precambrian Ediacaran fauna from Carolina Slate Belt, Southern Appalachian orogen
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		Pteridinium: an element of late Precambrian Ediacaran fauna from Carolina Slate Belt, Southern Appalachian orogen
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6573177 (133 words)

	Precambrian HSU NHM
		It may represent a more advanced form of medusa, with more similarity to modern cnidarians than with other Vendian medusa.
		Pteridinium is a frond-like organism with three-fold symmetry, which may indicate a relationship to the Tribrachidium discussed above.
		On the other hand its frond-like body plan could argue for a closer relationship to Charnia, and a colonial nature.
	www.humboldt.edu /~natmus/lifeThroughTime/PreCam.web (3087 words)

	VENDIAN BIOTA FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Several supposed Vendian-like forms have been identified from the Cambrian, however many of these have since been redescribed as trace fossils or pseudofossils.
		Well known ''Vendian'' forms include ''Arkarua'', ''Charnia'', ''Dickinsonia'', ''Ediacaria'', ''Marywadea'', ''Onegia'', ''Yorgia'' and ''Pteridinium''.
		The full list runs to 100 or more taxa.
	www.velocitydatasystems.com /Vendian_biota (392 words)

	NC Museum of Natural Sciences - Research and Collections: Paleontology
		These fossils were donated by the city of Wilmington, N.C. A sloth skeleton is being articulated for display in the Museum beginning in April 2000.
		North Carolina invertebrates include the type specimen of Precambrian sea pen, Pteridinium carolinensis, and a reference collection from the North Carolina Triassic made by Dr. Robert Hope of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, in the 1950s.
		Please direct loan or visitation inquiries to Curator of Paleontology Vince Schneider.
	www.naturalsciences.org /research/paleontology (296 words)

	Geobopological Survey's Great State Fossil Quiz! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It doesn’t have a state fossil, but its state stone is the Petoskey stone, a form of fossilized coral that was spread by Ice Age glaciers.
		If this state adopted Pteridinium carolinaense, an invertebrate fossil found in the Slate Belt, it would have the oldest state fossil.
		Though it has no state fossil, its state rock is limestone, which is made of the remains of tiny sea creatures.
	www.geobop.com /symbols/Fossils/Quiz (1574 words)

	Evolutionary Biology
		These fossils have been defined in a variety ways including - as a phylum of extinct metazoans (Vendobionta), as a separate nonmetazoan kingdom (Vendobionta), as lichens, and as sea pens.
		These forms are generally either frond-like with an elongate or a bulbous holdfast, and include the genera Charnia, Chariodiscus, Glaessnerina, Vaizitsinia, and Khatyspytia, or are bag-like foliate forms with similarly bulbous holdfasts such as Pteridinium, and Rangea.
		An additional taxon, very similar to several Ediacaran forms, has recently been described from the Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia - Thaumaptilon walcotti Conway Morris, 1993.
	www.calacademy.org /research/izg/EvolutionaryBiology.htm (4107 words)

	State Fossil Highlights! (Geobopological Survey) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It lived during the Ordovician Period, more than 412 million years ago!
		But Isotelus would become a youngster if North Carolina were to adopt Pteridinium carolinaense.
		This soft-bodied invertebrate lived during the Precambrian, some 620 million years ago.
	www.geobop.com /symbols/Fossils/3.htm (1075 words)

	PalAss Annual Conference Abstracts 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The peculiar three-dimensional preservation of Pteridinium, from the terminal Proterozoic sequence of Namibia, suggests that it was an immobile benthic organism, whose boat-shaped body was completely immersed in the sand.
		Membranous bodies of Pteridinium appear to have rheotropically grown within the loose sand in response to bottom current shear-stress, using it as a guide to reduce the risk of collisions and penetrations by growing parallel to each other.
		Another immobile benthic organism, Inaria, from the terminal Proterozoic sequence of the northwestern Russia, had its broad, bulb-like base completely submersed in the mud with only the tube protruding through the dense carpet of vertically standing filamentous algae.
	www.palass.org /pages/archive/confabs2000.html (12624 words)

	Index D - G
		Geologische rundschau 47(2): 522-531 [precambrian fossils Pteridinium and Rangea, resembling sea pens]
		[precambrian fossils Charnia masoni, Charniodiscus, Rangea, and Pteridinium, resembling sea pens]
		In: The fossil record and evolution - readings from Scientic American.
	www.calacademy.org /research/izg/indexd_g.htm (3422 words)

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