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Topic: Pteropod

In the News (Mon 16 Nov 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	The New Yorker : fact : content (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pteropods are tiny marine organisms that belong to the very broad class known as zooplankton.
		Many pteropod species—there are nearly a hundred in all—produce shells, apparently for protection; some of their predators, meanwhile, have evolved specialized tentacles that they employ much as diners use forks to spear escargot.
		She would catch some pteropods, either by trawling with a net or by scuba diving, and place them in one-litre bottles filled with seawater, to which she had added a small amount of radioactive calcium 45.
	www.newyorker.com /fact/content/articles/061120fa_fact3?page=1 (2328 words)

	SOME ANIMALS TAKE HOSTAGES AND WAGE CHEMICAL WARFARE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pteropods are in essence tiny, bright orange snails without shells that move through the water by flapping winglike appendages.
		But pteropods are not eaten, presumably because they are distasteful.
		No pteropods were observed to die during periods as hostage of up to a week, but they presumably do not maintain a normal diet.
	www.uga.edu /srel/ecoviews11-26-00.htm (717 words)

	PTEROPOD COLLECTING PROTOCOL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pteropods are found as small (1 - 5 mm) fl shells often at the bottom of the bucket from a MOC tow, pump, or Bongo haul.
		If there is time to collect specifically for pteropods, a 303µm, 1-m plankton net will be best.
		The pteropods will remain in the bottom of the bucket.
	globec.whoi.edu /globec-dir/pteropod_collecting_protocol.html (195 words)

	OSU Physics: Colloquium Abstract
		We study the swimming of a small species of pteropod found in the waters beneath the ice shelf in Antarctica.
		The organism is endowed both with bands of cilia, and a pair of small retractable wings.
		As the pteropod grows and develops, ciliated locomotion is replaced by flapping "flight".
	www.physics.ohio-state.edu /news/childress.php (90 words)

	project Klöcker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pteropods are only found in stations 902-905 indicating that the ACD (aragonite compensation depth) is located around 1600 m.
		The occurrence of pteropods in surface samples from the Pakistan continental margin indicates that the present ACD is at 500+-200m in the centre of the OMZ (von Rad et al., 1999).
		Quantifying carbonate dissolution and calibration of foraminiferal dissolution indices in the Somali Basin.
	www.palmod.uni-bremen.de /FB5/sedpal/docs/projectkloecker.htm (1705 words)

	The Sea Slug Forum - Clione limacina
		Clione limacina is a relatively common non-shelled (gymnosomatous) pteropod and appears to feed exclusively on species of the shelled (thecosomatous) pteropod genus Spiratella.
		Hermans, C.O. and Satterlie, R.A. (1992) Fast-strike feeding behaviour in a pteropod mollusk, Clione limacina Phipps.
		Morton, J.E. (1958): Observations on the gymnosomatous pteropod Clione limacina (Phipps).
	www.seaslugforum.net /factsheet.cfm?base=cliolima (335 words)

	ASU SoLS Faculty: Richard A. Satterlie
		The primary focus is on neural mechanisms of locomotory speed control through central and peripheral modulatory mechanisms as well as more classical types of inputs to the locomotory system.
		Distribution of NADPH-Diaphorase reactivity and effects of nitric oxide on feeding and locomotory circuitry in the pteropod mollsuc, Clione limacina.
		Activation of startle motoneurons by a pair of cerebral interneurons in the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina.
	sols.asu.edu /faculty/rsatterlie.php (353 words)

	Gelatinous Mollusc References
		Feeding and growth in Clione limacina (Phipps), a pteropod mollusc.
		Morphology and field behavior of pteropod molluscs: feeding methods in the families Cavoliniidae, Limacinidae and Peraclididae (Gastropoda: Thecosomata).
		The swarm dynamics of northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) and pteropods (Cavolinia inflexa) during vertical migration in the Ligurian Sea observed by an acoustic Doppler current profiler.
	jellieszone.com /molluscreferences.htm (649 words)

	Biogenic Sediments
		Pteropod ooze is produced by the accumulation of shells of pteropods and heteropods, which are small planktic mollusks
		As these shells are composed of the mineral aragonite, pteropod oozes are more easily dissolved, so are restricted to relatively shallow depths (less than 3,000 m) in tropical areas.
		Pelagic sediments from relatively shallow depths in low latitudes are often dominated by pteropods shells, at intermediate depths by foraminiferal tests, below the lysocline and above the CCD by coccoliths, and below the CCD by red clays.
	geology.uprm.edu /Morelock/GEOLOCN_/dpseabiogenic.htm (2701 words)

	Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project \| Cruise \| 2006 Dispatch 35
		There is always a diverse assemblage to be found including the ubiquitous copepods, chaetognaths (arrow worms), cnidarians (jelly fish), ctenophores (comb jellies) and amphipods.
		They belong to the Mollusca phylum and are commonly known as pteropods (snails that swim).
		One last note about these wondrous pteropods is that Clione limacina feed exclusively on its close relative Limacina helicina.
	www.whoi.edu /beaufortgyre/dispatch2006/dispatch35.html (496 words)

	NYU Today
		Previous research in this area was conducted through observations of a small pteropod mollusk, or “sea butterfly,” whose locomotion in water is similar to that of a butterfly’s flight.
		That revealed two modes of locomotion: in one, cilia mode, the organism swims forward much like a micro-organism, using waves of beating cilia, or hair-like structures; in another, flapping mode, the wings are extended and flapped back and forth in a symmetrical manner, propelling the body forward.
		As the pteropods grew, observations by Childress with his colleague, Robert Dudley, a biologist at the University of California, Berkeley, showed that the wings enabled more rapid swimming.
	www.nyu.edu /nyutoday/archives/19/10/Stories/Courant-Childress.html (571 words)

	The Antarctic Sun: Terror-Pods
		A sample of slime scraped from the water plant pipes turns out to be a mixture of pteropod remains and bacteria.
		More bacteria were found in a slick slime coating the inside of pipes carrying water to the filters and globs of the same slime were found blocking the cooling plates in one of the water plant heat exchangers, which uses sea water as a coolant.
		Now the theory is that bacteria are feeding on the corpses of pteropods and radiolaria trapped in the media filter and lining the pipes.
	antarcticsun.usap.gov /oldissues2002-2003/Sun111702/pods.html (1474 words)

	Neurobiology, Biol 635, Neuroplasticity and Behavior (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		PDF Archavsky YI, GN Oriovsky, YV Panchin, A Roberts & SR Soffe (1993) Neuronal control of swimming locomotion: analysis of the pteropod mollusc Clione and embryos of the amphibian Xenopus.
		Electrophysiology of swim musculature in the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina.
		(1997) Cholinergic activation of startle motoneurons by a pair of cerebral interneurons in the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina.
	www.biol.sc.edu /~vogt/courses/neuro/neurobehavior.html (2283 words)

	PTEROPOD COLLECTING PROTOCOL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pteropods are seen as small (1 - 5 mm) fl shells often at the bottom of the bucket from a MOC tow, pump, or Bongo haul.
		If there is time to collect specifically for pteropods, a 303um, 1-m plankton net will be best.
		Upon retrieval of the net sample, wash into a plastic bucket, swirl, and pour out the top part of the sample.
	globec.whoi.edu /globec-dir/pteropod_collecting_protocol-1999.html (211 words)

	Startle Phase of Escape Swimming Is Controlled by Pedal Motoneurons in the Pteropod Mollusk Clione limacina -- ...
		Startle Phase of Escape Swimming Is Controlled by Pedal Motoneurons in the Pteropod Mollusk Clione limacina -- Satterlie et al.
		pedal motoneurons in the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina.
		Cholinergic Activation of Startle Motoneurons by a Pair of Cerebral Interneurons in the Pteropod Mollusk Clione limacina
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/77/1/272 (538 words)

	research
		The purpose of this visit to McMurdo Station is to collect and study the motility of two species of Antarctic pteropods.
		The drifting is due to buoyancy, which may be positive or negative, with neither propulsive mode active.
		In fact Pteropods are seen to have control over their buoyancy,
	www.math.nyu.edu /faculty/childres/newresearch.html (701 words)

	Aquatic wing flapping at low Reynolds numbers: swimming kinematics of the Antarctic pteropod, Clione antarctica -- ...
		The hydrodynamic implications of curvature of pteropod at midstroke
		Morton, J. Observations on the gymnostomatous pteropod Clione limacina (Phipps).
		Satterlie, R. A., Labarbera, M. and Spence, A. Swimming in the pteropod mollusc, Clione limacina.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/208/15/2939 (5253 words)

	Yuri I
		Arshavsky Yu, I., G.N. Orlovsky, V. Panchin Yu, A. Roberts, and S.R. Soffe, Neuronal control of swimming locomotion: analysis of the pteropod mollusc Clione and embryos of the amphibian Xenopus.
		Arshavsky, Y.I., T.G. Deliagina, G.N. Gamkrelidze, G.N. Orlovsky, Y.V. Panchin, L.B. Popova, and O.V. Shupliakov, Pharmacologically induced elements of the hunting and feeding behavior in the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina.
		Arshavsky, Y.I., T.G. Deliagina, G.N. Gamkrelidze, G.N. Orlovsky, Y.V. Panchin, and L.B. Popova, Pharmacologically induced elements of the hunting and feeding behavior in the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina.
	inls.ucsd.edu /~yarshavsky (1245 words)

	Mechanisms of Locomotory Speed Change: The Pteropod Solution -- Satterlie and Norekian 41 (4): 1001 -- American ...
		Brown, T. On the nature of the fundamental activity of the nervous centers; together with an analysis of the conditioning of rhythmic activity in progression, and a theory of the evolution of function in the nervous system.
		Fast-strike feeding behavior in a pteropod mollusc, Clione limacina Phipps.
		Satterlie, R. Electrophysiology of swim musculature in the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina.
	icb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/41/4/1001 (3123 words)

	Images: Russ Hopcroft
		Cavolinia uncinata - a pteropod or pelagic "wing-footed" snail 7-10mm shell length.
		Curvierina columnella - another pteropod (they are just so photogenic!) shell 7-9mm.
		A sucker on the ventral fin helps it hold its prey (often shelled pteropods) while it feeds.
	www.coml.org /medres/highlights2006/images_hopcroft.htm (946 words)

	The Sea Slug Forum - Re: Pteropod or Heteropod
		Judd, J., 2002 (Jan 31) Re: Pteropod or Heteropod.
		I am not sure if it is possible to still buy a copy, but if not it is worth harassing your local library to see if they can get one on loan.
		Comment on Re: Pteropod or Heteropod by Judy Judd.
	www.seaslugforum.net /display.cfm?id=6129 (338 words)

	Cascading Trophic Impacts of Reduced Biomass in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Just the Tip of the Iceberg? -- Seibel and ...
		that pteropods and their consumers may be further impacted.
		Ecological role for pteroenone, a novel antifeedant from the conspicuous antarctic pteropod Clione antarctica (Gymnosomata: Gastropoda).
		Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in phytoplankton, a herbivorous pteropod (Limacina helicina) and its pteropod predator (Clione antarctica) in McMurdo Bay, Antarctica.
	www.biolbull.org /cgi/content/full/205/2/93 (2269 words)

	Cold Ocean acidification
		The pteropod Clio pyramidata, a common planktonic mollusk (pteropods) with a shell made out of aragonite, a metastable form of calcium carbonate.
		Scanning Electon Microscope (SEM) images of two pteropod shells: the first shell (left) is from a pteropod that swam only in present-day, "non-corrosive" seawater; the second shell (right) is from a live pteropod that swam in high CO2 "corrosive" seawater for 48 hours.
		These images reveal, for the first time, the intricate helical structure of the aragonite rods that make up and strengthen the shell of this species, which is so thin (7 micrometers) that it is normally transparent.
	www.ipsl.jussieu.fr /~jomce/acidification (708 words)

	Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Swim Acceleration in the Pteropod Mollusk Clione limacina -- Pirtle and Satterlie 44 ...
		Satterlie, R. Serotonergic modulation of swimming speed in the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina II.
		Serotonergic modulation of swimming speed in the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina III.
		Modulation of swimming speed in the pteropod mollusc, Clione limacina: Role of a compartmental serotonergic system.
	icb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/44/1/37 (3258 words)

	Startle Phase of Escape Swimming Is Controlled by Pedal Motoneurons in the Pteropod Mollusk Clione limacina -- ...
		, R. Neuronal mechanisms underlying behavioral switching in a pteropod mollusc.
		, R. Reciprocal inhibition and rhythmicity: swimming in a pteropod mollusc.
		, R. Electrophysiology of swim musculature in the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/77/1/272 (5252 words)

	Zuffy's X-Files Homepage
		It picks up when Mulder rescues Scully from the alien ship in Antarctica and follows their attempts to return to the base.
		This angsty post-Orison tale is beautifully written, like all of Pteropod's work, and has wonderful insights into the Mulder-Scully bond.
		I'm proud to have three other great Pteropod stories archived here: Orion.
	zuffy.tripod.com /archive1.html (830 words)

	NEWS@NJIT
		A series of observations of swimming of a species of pteropod, a shell less mollusk, carried out in November-December 2000, at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, will be made during a seminar sponsored by the Department of Mathematical Sciences and the Center for Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Friday, March 2, 11:30 a.m., in Cullimore Lecture Hall 2.
		Sometimes called the sea butterfly, this pteropod provides a means of studying emergence of flapping flight as the Reynolds number of swimming increases.
		Direct viscosity manipulation of the fluid was carried out to complement temperature mediated changes.
	www.njit.edu /v2/Publications/twanext/2001.02d/other3.html (146 words)

	pteropod - French-English Dictionary WordReference.com
		We found no French translation for 'pteropod' in our English to French Dictionary.
		Look for a definition in our English Dictionary.
		Forum discussions with the word(s) 'pteropod' in the title:
	www.wordreference.com /enfr/pteropod (49 words)

	CBC Radio \| Quirks & Quarks \| Dec. 3, 2005
		And that acid mix isn’t a healthy one for marine organisms, such as pteropod snails and corals that build their shells from calcium carbonate in the water.
		Victoria Fabry of California State University at San Marcos and a team of scientists are warning that, as oceans absorb more and more carbon dioxide, the acidic conditions could harm those creatures.
		Their models show that CO levels in polar waters will rise so quickly that pteropod shells could begin dissolving as soon as the middle of this century.
	www.cbc.ca /quirks/archives/05-06/dec03.html (842 words)

	Reciprocal Inhibition and Postinhibitory Rebound Produce Reverberation in a Locomotor Pattern Generator -- SATTERLIE ...
		The central pattern generator for swimming in the pteropod
		Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Swim Acceleration in the Pteropod Mollusk Clione limacina.
		Coordination of Startle and Swimming Neural Systems in the Pteropod Mollusk Clione limacina: Role of the Cerebral Cholinergic Interneuron.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/229/4711/402 (550 words)

	Pteropod Photo, Pteropod photos, Phillip Colla Natural History Photography :: Online Photo Search
		Pteropod Photo, Pteropod photos, Phillip Colla Natural History Photography :: Online Photo Search
		Pelagic opisthobranch or pteropod (wing foot), open ocean, San Diego.
		Pelagic opisthobranch or pteropod (wing foot),open ocean, San Diego.
	www.oceanlight.com /lightbox.php?x=pteropod__nudibranch_/_sea_slug__gastropods_/_snail__mollusk__marine_invertebrate__animal&pg=1 (293 words)

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