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Topic: Ptolemaic system

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Ptolemaic theory

Inferior planet

Geocentric model

Heliocentric model

Ptolemaios

Mercury (planet)

De revolutionibus orbium coelestium

Planetary system

Copernicus

Geosynchronous orbit derivation

Hipparchus

Sphere

Ptolemy

Synodic period

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	The Galileo Project \| Science \| Ptolemaic System
		Copernican System), Copernicus tells the reader that it was his aim to rid the models of heavenly motions of this monstrous construction.
		Aristotelian cosmology and Ptolemaic astronomy entered the West, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, as distinct textual traditions.
		Copernicus's innovations was therefore not only putting the Sun in the center of the universe and working out a complete astronomical system on this basis of this premise, but also trying to erase the disciplinary boundary between the textual traditions of physical cosmology and technical astronomy.
	galileo.rice.edu /sci/theories/ptolemaic_system.html (1629 words)

	Ptolemy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		(See Ptolemaic system.) The second is the Geography, which is a thorough discussion of the geographic knowledge of the Greco-Roman world.
		Ptolemy formulated a geocentric model that was widely accepted until it was superseded by the heliocentric solar system of Copernicus.
		Its list of forty-eight constellations is ancestral to the modern system of constellations, but unlike the modern system they did not cover the whole sky (only the sky Ptolemy could see).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ptolemy (1472 words)

	Ptolemaic system on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM [Ptolemaic system], historically the most influential of the geocentric cosmological theories, i.e., theories that placed the earth motionless at the center of the universe with all celestial bodies revolving around it (see cosmology).
		Thus the motion of all the planets around the earth in the Ptolemaic system was somewhat similar to the motion that modern astronomy ascribes to the moon as it revolves around the earth while the earth itself is revolving around the sun.
		The ontological status of mathematical entities: the necessity for modern physics of an evaluation of mathematical systems.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/P/Ptolsys.asp (878 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM, in astronomy, theory of the order and action of the heavenly bodies, advanced in the 2d century
		The Ptolemaic theory held that Earth is stationary and at the center of the universe; closest to Earth is the Moon, and beyond it, extending outward, are Mercury, Venus, and the Sun in a straight line, followed successively by Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the so-called fixed stars.
		Later, astronomers supplemented this system with a ninth sphere, the motion of which supposedly produced the precession of equinoxes.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/space/ptolemicsystem.html (202 words)

	Ptolemaic Astronomy
		Ptolemaic astronomers thus avoided controversial speculation on the nature and mechanisms of the heavens.
		It is particularly evident, then, that given a practice of this kind, the knowledge that Ptolemaic astronomers prized as their achievement was of a peculiar sort by the lights of modern science.
		Finding out about Ptolemaic practice thus not only reveals important information about astronomy - showing what a different enterprise it was in the Renaissance from the science that now goes by the same name.
	microcosmos.uchicago.edu /ptolemy/astronomy.html (1709 words)

	Ptolemaic system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The basic elements of Ptolemaic astronomy, showing a planet on an epicycle with a deferent and an equant point.
		Though there were observations made (primarily by Galileo) which called into question some of the tenets of the Ptolemaic system (such as the fact that Jupiter also has moons), it was not until the discovery of the phases of Venus by Galileo in 1610 that the Ptolemaic system became untenable in any form.
		Astronomers of this time period saw the result of this being unsalvageable for a Ptolemaic cosmology, if the results were accepted as true.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ptolemaic_system (692 words)

	The Biblical Flood and the Ice Epoch
		Nevertheless, this general system, also called a geocentric or earth-centered system, was considered authoritative by both the Islamic World and the Western World as it slipped into the dark ages of the post-Roman (Medieval) period, a time when academic activity was at a reduced level.
		In the Copernican system, the Sun was at the center, and was stationary.
		This was the heliocentric system, as contrasted with the geocentric system of Ptolemy.
	www.creationism.org /patten/PattenBiblFlood/PattenBiblFlood03.htm (6350 words)

	Solar System Models
		The primary reason for developing the equatorial coordinate system for the celestial sphere was to follow the position of the Sun, Moon and planets in the sky.
		Ptolemy (200 A.D.) was an ancient astronomer, geographer, and mathematician who took the geocentric theory of the solar system and gave it a mathematical foundation (called the "Ptolemaic system").
		In the Ptolemaic system, deferents were large circles centered on the Earth, and epicycles were small circles whose centers moved around the circumferences of the deferents.
	www.zebu.uoregon.edu /~js/ast221/lectures/lec06.html (1751 words)

	Thursday, 7/29 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Ptolemaic system was extremely deft at both explaining and predicting the relevant empirical observations.
		It is the deferent if the center of the circle (point C) is located at the center of the system (in this case it is not, as the earth is the center of the system); it is the eccentric if the center of the circle is not at the center of the system.
		It may also be the center of the system (in which case the larger circle is called the deferent) or it may not be in the center of the system (in which case the larger circle is called the eccentric).
	www.u.arizona.edu /~jenkinsm/072904.html (489 words)

	Ptolemaic system
		Ptolemaic system, historically the most influential of the geocentric cosmological theories, i.e., theories that placed the earth motionless at the center of the universe with all celestial bodies revolving around it (see
		Ptolemaic system: The Roots of the Ptolemaic System - The Roots of the Ptolemaic System The ancient philosophers imagined the universe to resemble a...
		Ptolemaic system: The Fundamentals of the Ptolemaic System - The Fundamentals of the Ptolemaic System Partly on aesthetic grounds and partly because no other...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0840408.html (140 words)

	Additional Reading (from Ptolemaic system) -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The major parts of the system are the lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus, spleen, and lymphatic vessels; additional lymphatic tissue is found in isolated patches in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and bone marrow.
		The structure of the school system normally reflects the structure of government itself.
		The endocrine system is a complex system of glands that secrete hormones throughout the body.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-226235 (923 words)

	Though the evidence is abundant, there has yet to be a thorough study of the Ptolemaic prison system
		In this paper I argue for three modifications to prevailing views on Ptolemaic imprisonment: that incarceration followed a variety of offenses; that a number of specialized prisons served specific classes of offenders; and that very lengthy detention was not uncommon.
		This startling split in the evidence and the oft-repeated fear of prolonged suffering in jail, even death, that we find expressed in letters from inmates suggests that very lengthy stays in the lock-up may have been a regular occurrence: a striking contrast to the common belief that detention in the ancient world was generally short-term.
		The evidence for imprisonment in Ptolemaic times demonstrates that the Greek rulers of Egypt provided their police officials with a variety of options for the incarceration of offenders in a number of specialized prisons: a surprising discovery, given the prevailing view of the Ptolemaic state as a rigid, autocratic entity.
	www.apaclassics.org /AnnualMeeting/05mtg/abstracts/BAUSCHATZ.html (551 words)

	Ptolemaic Solar System
		The outermost sphere is labeled, "Heaven, realm and dwelling place of God and of all the elect." The next set of three spheres are the spheres of the fixed stars.
		At the center of the Solar System was the Earth.
		The outer edge of the Earth was the sphere of air or atmosphere.
	www.thenagain.info /Classes/Sources/Ptolemaic.html (173 words)

	Solar System Models (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The primary reason for developing the equatorial coordinate system for the celestial sphere was to follow the position of the Sun, Moon and planets in the sky.
		Ptolemy (200 A.D.) was an ancient astronomer, geographer, and mathematician who took the geocentric theory of the solar system and gave it a mathematical foundation (called the "Ptolemaic system").
		In the Ptolemaic system, deferents were large circles centered on the Earth, and epicycles were small circles whose centers moved around the circumferences of the deferents.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /~js/ast221/lectures/lec06.html (1751 words)

	[No title]
		Ptolemaic System In his Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican of 1632, Galileo attacked the world system based on the cosmology of Aristotle (384-322 BCE) and the technical astronomy of Ptolemy (ca.
		[Image] Ptolemy's system With such combinations of constructions, Ptolemy was able to account for the motions of heavenly bodies within the standards of observational accuracy of his day.
		Thus, in De Revolutionibus (see Copernican System), Copernicus tells the reader that it was his aim to rid the models of heavenly motions of this monstrous construction.
	www.physics.helsinki.fi /~enqvist/opus.dir/ptolemaic_system.txt (1625 words)

	Science 122 Program 8: Ptolemaic Astronomy
		Once a grid system was in place, it because much easier to record the locations of the stars, and to keep track of where on earth you were, which, of course is important to navigation.
		The Ptolemaic system became the standard because it was the best at the time, and Western civilization went into rapid decline as the unity of the Roman Empire weakened before anyone could come up with a better system.
		Later astronomers tried to integrate a coherent physical system, for example posing and debating questions as to the nature of the material of the spheres and the space between the spheres.
	honolulu.hawaii.edu /distance/sci122/Programs/p8/p8.html (4543 words)

	Copernicus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He put the sun at the center of the Copernican system, in contrast to the the Ptolemaic system
		not only did the apparent behavior of the others follow from this, but the system so connects the orders and sizes of the planets and their orbits, and of the whole heaven, that no single feature can be altered without confusion among the other parts and in all the Universe.
		In contrast, the Ptolemaic system is complicated, especially with its equants.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /~soper/Orbits/copernicus.html (347 words)

	Wheat & Weeds: Who Remembers The Ptolemaic System?
		He synthesized the observations of the ancient world and revolutionized science, establishing the earth-centered paradigm that would dominate science for centuries until the Copernican revolution (although there were always "crack-pots" who believed in a heliocentric universe).
		The entire time the Ptolemaic system dominated, scientists kept running up against the problem that the system could not account for observed phenomena.
		Evolution as a system anyone believes in lives only in our courts and elementary schools, and it only remains to be seen what the new paradigm will be.
	wheatandweeds.blogspot.com /2005/12/who-remembers-ptolemaic-system.html (1082 words)

	Ptolemaic system -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Ptolemaic system is a geocentric cosmology; that is, it starts by assuming that the Earth is stationary and at the centre of the universe.
		He retained from the ancient Ptolemaic system the idea of Earth as a fixed centre of the universe around which the Sun and Moon revolved, but he held that, as in the newer system of Copernicus, all other planets revolved around the Sun.
		any theory of the structure of the solar system (or the universe) in which Earth is assumed to be at the centre of all.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9061760 (875 words)

	AllRefer.com - Ptolemaic system (Astronomy, General) - Encyclopedia
		Ptolemaic system[tol´´umA´ik] Pronunciation Key, historically the most influential of the geocentric cosmological theories, i.e., theories that placed the earth motionless at the center of the universe with all celestial bodies revolving around it (see cosmology).
		The system is named for the Greco-Egyptian astronomer Ptolemy (fl.
		A.D.); it dominated astronomy until the advent of the heliocentric Copernican system in the 16th cent.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Ptolsys.html (180 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ptolemaic system
		Nicolaus Copernicus (in Latin; Polish Mikołaj Kopernik, German Nikolaus Kopernikus - February 19, 1473 – May 24, 1543) was a Polish astronomer, mathematician and economist who developed a heliocentric (Sun-centered) theory of the solar system in a form detailed enough to make it scientifically useful.
		To explain the various observed motions of the planets, the Ptolemaic system described them as having small circular orbits called epicycles; the centers of the epicycles, on circular orbits around Earth, were called deferents.
		These efforts failed, however, to resolve the many inconsistencies in the Ptolemaic system, which was finally superseded in the 16th century by the Copernican system.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ptolemaic-system (470 words)

	Wikinfo \| Ptolemaic system
		The Ptolemaic system was a system to explain the motions of the heavens, espoused by Claudius Ptolemaeus in Almagest sometime around the 2nd century, C.E., and accepted for over a thousand years by the vast majority of people to be the correct cosmological model.
		It gave Europeans the first sophisticated understanding of Ptolemy's astronomy, and was studied by every competent astronomer of the sixteenth century.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Ptolemaic_system (735 words)

	Science First - Ptolemaic Solar System
		The main focus of the Ptolemaic (geocentric) solar system is to explain the various motions of the nearest planets and the sun.
		These motions were conceived by Ptolemy to explain the idea of a system in which the Earth was at the center of the universe - an idea which we know today to be erroneous.
		The Copernican Solar System model (SOL- 100) is also useful in comparison to the Ptolemaic Solar System, because it provides a more complete understanding of the earlier and later theories of our relationships in the solar system.
	www.sciencefirst.com /vw_prdct_mdl.asp?prdct_mdl_cd=SOL300 (187 words)

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