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Topic: Ptolemais (Cyrenaica)

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	Cyrenaica - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cyrenaica is the eastern coastal region of Libya.
		Cyrenaica was a Roman province on the northern coast of Africa between Egypt and Numidia; it had been formerly Greek.
		On 1 Janury 1934 Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, and Fezzan unite as Libya, still Italian, till the British take over in 1940-41 and appoint Military governors and Administrators, finally a Resident for the decolonisation, later as independent kingdom in 1951 (it had two of the four new provinces: Bengazi and Derna), finally a republic in 1969.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cyrenaica (577 words)

	[No title]
		Tripoli - Sabratha - Benghazi - Ptolemais - Qasr Libya - Albyda - Cyrene - Apollonia - Zliten - Leptis Magna - Nalut - Ghadames - Sebha - Awinat - Lakes - Tripoli
		Tripoli - Sabratha - Benghazi - Ptolemais - Qasr Libya - Albyda - Cyrene - Apollonia - Zliten - Leptis Magna - Gharyan - Nalut - Ghadames - Kabaw - Tripoli
		Tripoli - Sabratha - Benghazi - Ptolemais - Qasr Libya - Albyda - Cyrene - Apollonia - Zliten - Leptis Magna - Tripoli
	www.germantravelnetwork.com /Html/D/Arabia/Libya/libyamain.htm (135 words)

	CYRENAICA - LoveToKnow Article on CYRENAICA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After all N. Africa had passed to Rome, and Cyrenaica itself, bequeathed by Apion, the last Ptolemaic sovereign, was become (in combination with Crete) a Roman province (after 96 B.C.), this competition told~ more severely than ever, and the Greek colonists, ~rwn weaker, found themselves less able to hold their own against the Libyan population.
		A great revolt of the Jewish settlers in the time of Trajan settled the fate of Cyrene and Barca; the former is mentionedby Ammianus Marcellinus in the 4th century A.D. as urbs deserta, and Synesius, a native, describes it in the following century as a vast ruin at the mercy of the noniads.
		Geologically and structurally Cyrenaica is a mass of Miocene limestone tilted up steeply from the Mediterranean and falling inland by a gentle descent to sea-level again at the line of depression, which runs from the gulf of Sidra through Aujila to Siwa:
	85.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CY/CYRENAICA.htm (1362 words)

	welcome to warsaw
		Ptolemais is a huge city with 250 hectares of surface area (for example the famous Pompeii that was discovered successively from the middle of 18th century, has only 98 hectares), compared with Delphi and Olympus, which are have been continually excavated from the middle of the 19th century till today.
		Ptolemais has hardly been explored at all; up to now only 5 - 10 % of the total city surface has been uncovered.
		It was founded in the Hellenic period and ruled by the Ptolemaian kings and later came under the rule of Romans and even became the capital of the whole province of Cyrenaica from 297.
	www.welcometo.home.pl /july_2002/introduce.html (1245 words)

	Cyrenaica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cyrenaica (today eastern Libya) was probably peopled by the ancestors of the Berbers.
		Cyrenaica and all of Libya became part of the Roman Empire in the east and were overrun by Islam (7th century).
		After that, the history of Cyrenaica is the same as that of Libya.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /c/cyrenaica.html (187 words)

	ptolemais (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This ancient Tolmeita first came into existence, in the 6th century B. C., as the harbor of brace-"El-Marj", but its foundation as a city was due to one of the Hellenistic king of Egypt, who gave it this name, and laid out streets and public buildings.
		It is also probable that the well-preserved gateway, the "Porta Tauchira", in the western part of the city wall is, however, reported that the city flourished under the roman s, although it did not become the capital of Cyrenaica until the age of Emperor Diocletian.
		From historic records Ptolemais (Tolmeita) which comes after Cyrene, is and actual fact of an important archaeological featare in the region.
	www.libyaninvestment.com /travel/ptolemais.php (330 words)

	Cyrenaica -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Wavell (of Eritrea and of Winchester), Archibald Percival Wavell, 1st Earl, Viscount Wavell Of Cyrenaica And Of Winchester, Viscount Keren Of Eritrea And Of Winchester
		Cyrenaica's coast was visited by Cretan fishermen in the 7th century, and the Greeks became aware that it was the only area in North...
		Its three main regions are Cyrenaica (also called the Eastern provinces) on its eastern Mediterranean coast, Tripolitania (the Western provinces) on its western coast, and Fezzan (the Southern provinces), a series of oases in the southwestern desert.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9028424 (674 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Barce (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Barce or Barca was a Greek colony, founded in the 6th century BC from Cyrene and formed one of the Pentapolis of Cyrenaica, now in north-eastern Libya.
		Under the Ptolemies, Barce was surpassed in importance by its port, Ptolemais (Tolmeita), and Barce declined to the status of a village.
		However, Ptolemais also declined in importance after the Roman period, due to Berber raids and the Vandal conquest.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Barce (143 words)

	Unbenannte Seite
		Excavations indicate that the population of Ptolemais enjoyed wealth and a high standard of living.
		However, in the sixth century AD, Ptolemais suffered a reversal when Apollonia became the capital of Upper Libya and entered a period of near destitution, aggravated by a water supply system that had fallen into disrepair, causing the population to move away.
		Despite aid from the Emperor Justinian which returned the city to a relative state of well-being for a while, its death knell was sounded by the Arab conquest of Cyrenaica in the 7th century AD.
	www.arkno.com /Seiten/wts_ptolemais.html (204 words)

	Cyrene and the Cyrenaica
		At this time, there was civil war in Cyrenaica: a group of exiles had invited a mercenary leader named Thibron, who happened to own a large sum of money (the amount of taxes once paid by Babylonia).
		Ophellas added a sixth city, Ptolemais (Tulmaythah), and remained in charge of the region until he was murdered during a Greek expedition against Carthage (308).
		During the civil wars it was briefly ruled by a Selene, the daughter of the Roman general Marc Antony and the last Ptolemaean queen, Cleopatra VII (34-31).
	www.livius.org /ct-cz/cyrenaica/cyrenaica.html (1597 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Ptolemais
		Ptolemais (Cyrenaica), a city in the Pentapolis of Cyrenaica;
		Ptolemais, a city in the western part of Macedonia in the prefecture of Kozani.
		Ptolemais Theron, a city founded on the coast of the Red Sea.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Ptolemais (109 words)

	Ptolemais - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ptolemais is the ancient name for the cities of:
		Ptolemais Theron, at the African coast of the Red Sea.
		This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ptolemais (92 words)

	Cyrenaica
		Cyrenaica, historic region, E Libya, bordering on the Mediterranean Sea.
		The Greeks colonized N Cyrenaica in the 7th cent.
		In 642 Arab armies conquered Cyrenaica and many Arabs settled in the region from the 9th to 11th cent.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0814418.html (207 words)

	CYRENAICA - Online Information article about CYRENAICA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ptolemies, the inland cities declined in comparison with the maritime ones, and the Cyrenaica began to feel the commercial competition of See also:
		Constantinople; and the Senussites soon ceased to be de facto rulers of Cyrenaica.
		Consequently Cyrenaica is still in a very backward and barbarous state and largely given up to See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CRE_DAH/CYRENAICA.html (1709 words)

	Table of contents for The Hellenistic settlements in Syria, the Red Sea Basin, and North Africa
		Phoenicia 000 Alexandroschene 000 Demetrias By the Sea 000 Eupatreia 000 Herakleia In Phoenicia (Arka) 000 Laodikeia In Phoenicia (Berytos) 000 Leukas Balanaia 000 Leuke Kome 000 Marathos 000 Orthosia 000 Ptolemais Ake Antioch 000 Tyre 000 VI.
		Egypt 000 Euergetis 000 Kleopatra 000 Paraitonion 000 Philometoris 000 Ptolemais In the thebaid 000 IX.
		Cyrenaica 000 Apollonia 000 Arsinoe Taucheira 000 Berenike Euesperides 000 Kainopolis 000 Ptolemais Barke 000 Appendices 000 I.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip0513/2005015751.html (334 words)

	Libya: The Forbidden City, Travcoa Deluxe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		During the 3rd-century A.D., following a decline in the importance of Cyrene, Ptolemais became the capital city of the region.
		Ptolemais’ death knell tolled at the Arab conquest of Cyrenaica in the 7th-century A.D. Buildings of interest in Ptolemais include the small but excellent Museum, the Western Basilica, the Columned Palace, the Theatre and the underground Cisterns.
		In 96 BC the Romans took possession of Cyrenaica, and it became a province of Rome eighteen years later.
	www.luxurytour.com /travcoa/africa/libya.html (2610 words)

	AllRefer.com - PtolemaIs, ancient cities, Asia and Africa (Ancient History, Egypt) - Encyclopedia
		PtolemaIs, ancient cities, Asia and Africa, Ancient History, Egypt
		PtolemaIs[tolumA´Is] Pronunciation Key, ancient name given to several cities to honor members of the dynasty of the Ptolemies.
		A third, in Cyrenaica, was one of the cities of the Libyan Pentapolis.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Ptolem-anc.html (193 words)

	Unbenannte Seite
		Probably founded in the 7th century BC (its origins are cloudy), Teuchira was a port city of the Greeks.
		During the Ptolemaic period, its importance was reflected in its status as one of the five cities of the Pentapolis, together with Cyrene, Apollonia, Ptolemais and Berenice (modern Benghazi).
		As with other cities of the region, it succumbed to the Arab invasion of 643 AD and was the final site of defence of the governor of Cyrenaica.
	www.arkno.com /Seiten/wts_teuchira.html (125 words)

	[No title]
		Slide 88: The West Church (the so-called Fortress Church), Tolmeta, Cyrenaica, Libya.
		Tolmeta is situated on the Cyrenaican coast, to the east of Benghazi, between Tocra and Apollonia.
		The resulting publication (Ptolemais: City of the Libyan Pentapolis by Carl W Kraeling, gives the results of the Chicago excavations and also draws together a large amount of other very useful information on the site and its monuments as a whole.
	museums.ncl.ac.uk /roman_africa/TOLCHUR.HTM (424 words)

	embassies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Geographically, the coastal plain of Tripolitania forms part of a natural corridor connecting Egypt and north-west Africa, and throughout history its inhabitants had watched invaders from one side or the other pass by on their way to richer lands beyond.
		The Tripolitanias own political and cultural ties have been on the other hand with the west of Tripoli rather than the east of Benghazi for the large centers of habitation in the coastal area are cut of from Cyrenaica by the desolate shores of the Gulf of Sidra.
		The Fezzan, on the other side had tended to have closer bonds with both Cyrenaica and Egypt, with which it is connected by a chain of conveniently spaced oases.
	www.libyaninvestment.com /travel/fezzan.php (332 words)

	[No title]
		It is not inconceivale that Coptic relations with North Africa, notably with Cyrenaica or the Pentapolis, took place with the introduction of Christianity.
		Synesius of Cyrene [25] (370-414), bishop of Ptolemais, received his instruction at Alexandria in both the Catechetical School and the Museion, and he entertained a great deal of reverence and affection for Hypatia, the last pagan Neoplatonists, whose classes he had attended.
		Synesius was raised to the episcopate by Theophilus, patriarch of Alexandria, in 410 A.D. Since the Council of Nicaea in 325 A.D., Cyrenaica had been recognized as an ecclesiastical province of the See of Alexandria, in accordance with the ruling of the Nicaean Fathers.
	www.coptic.net /articles/CoptsAndChristendom.txt (10614 words)

	Ophellas
		He founded a new harbor, called Ptolemais, which was destined to become one of the most important towns in ancient Libya.
		The ruler of Cyrenaica was to bring new soldiers, and in return would be made Agathocles' governor at Carthage.
		To Ophellas, this offered beautiful prospects: being the viceroy of two masters, in territories that were separated from his master's countries by the sea and the desert, he would have almost regal powers.
	www.livius.org /on-oz/ophellas/ophellas.html (799 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The ancient Graeco-Roman port of Ptolemais was named after Ptolemy II Philadelphus, the Egyptian ruler in the 3rd century BC.
		It was originally the harbour for the inland city of Barce (now known as Al-Marj) and grew in importance during the Roman occupation.
		Raids by Berber tribes and the invasion of the Vandals contributed to its decline, however, and by the time of the Arab invasion the city had fallen into decay.
	www.arab.net /Libya/la_tolmeita.htm (345 words)

	Ptolemy 1 Soter 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The reason for Ptolemy becoming a king can be traced back to his position as one of Alexander the Great's nearest generals.
		At Alexander's death in 323, Ptolemy was put in charge of one third of all the land that Alexander had conquered: Cyrenaica and Egypt.
		He got control over regions like Cyrenaica and Palestine, held control over Cyprus.
	i-cias.com /e.o/ptolemy_1.htm (304 words)

	Travel Dynamics International: The Ancient Lost Cities of Libya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One of the five cities of the Libyan Pentapolis, Teucheira was founded in the 6th century B.C. by Greek settlers, and remained the last Byzantine stronghold in Cyrenaica.
		North of Teucheira is Ptolemais, an ancient port that occupies a narrow area between the sea and the lower area of the Jebel Akhdar.
		Originally a Greek settlement of the 7th century B.C., it was refounded by Ptolemy III in the 3rd century B.C. as Ptolemais.
	www.traveldynamicsinternational.com /libya_6408/itinerary.html (667 words)

	Ptolemais -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		In the 3rd century BC the city received the name Ptolemais from Ptolemy III, who united Cyrenaica with Egypt.
		Its economy was based on trade with the interior, and...
		Founded in the European Middle Ages under Turkish rule, it was a centre of Greek culture; a library of...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9061761 (389 words)

	BARCA - LoveToKnow Article on BARCA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A Persian force invited by the notorio~is Pheretima, mother of Arcesilaus III., in revenge for Barcan support of a rival faction, sacked it towards the close of the 6th century and deported a number of its inhabitants to Bactria.
		Under Ptolemaic rule it began to decline, like Cyrene, and its port Ptolemais (Tolmeita) took its place: but after the Arab conquest (A.D. 641) it became the chief place of the Cyrenaica for a time and a principal station on the Kairawan road.
		It owed its early prosperity to its easy access to the sea, and to the fact that natural conditions in Cyrenaica and the Sahara behind it, tend to divert trade to the west of the district a fact which is exemplified by the final survival of Berenice (mod.
	www.1911ency.org /B/BA/BARCA.htm (319 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2002.10.20
		They have also been exploited lately as a source for the history of Cyrenaica and the chronology of Synesius' life by Denis Roques.
		Tassilo Schmitt (henceforth S) has taken these diverse scholarly threads and woven them into a different pattern whose bold central motif is that of Synesius' conversion to philosophy from politics.
		Though Synesius tried from afar to maintain his involvement at court, changes at the Imperial court and in the military organization of Cyrenaica made the weaknesses of his own situation inescapably evident by 405.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2002/2002-10-20.html (1828 words)

	tulmatha
		The importance of Ptolemais exceeded that of Barce (almarj), which became a small village if compared to Ptolemais.
		When the province of Pentapolis was established in 297A.D, Ptolemais took the place of Cyrene and became the capital.
		century A.D, by 642 A.D, Ptolemais with the advent of Islam became an important harbor to Barce(AlMarj), which became again the capital of Cyrenaica province.Tulamayhta museum exhibits various collections of the ancient Ptolemais.this include various floor mosaics of the numerous Palaces that were erected in the area in the 1
	www.alhourouj.com /Libya/Cities/tulmatha.htm (277 words)

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