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	New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. IX: Petri - Reuchlin \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ptolemy I. Soter, also known as Ptolemy Lagus (whence comes the name Lagidæ for the dynasty), was the son of Lagos and Arsinoe, was born about 367, and was in his youth a playfellow of Alexander.
		Ptolemy's disposition, shown both to those of Hebrew race and to the Egyptians, was gentle and kind, his government was firm and tactful, while his aim was the welfare of the people in material, artistic, scientific, and literary directions.
		A consequence of Ptolemy's conquest was the Hellenization of Philadelphia, the old Rabbath Ammon, Ptolemais (Acre), and Philoteria on the Sea of Galilee.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/encyc09.ptolemy.html (4150 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Gnosticism
		Gnostics were "people who knew", and their knowledge at once constituted them a superior class of beings, whose present and future status was essentially different from that of those who, for whatever reason, did not know.
		The Gnostics, it is true, borrowed their terminology almost entirely from existing religions, but they only used it to illustrate their great idea of the essential evil of this present existence and the duty to escape it by the help of magic spells and a superhuman Saviour.
		The Gnostics seem also to have used oil sacramentally for the healing of the sick, and even the dead were anointed by them to be rendered safe and invisible in their transit through the realms of the archons.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06592a.htm (10671 words)

	Wikinfo \| Ptolemy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ptolemy formulated a geocentric model (see: Ptolemaic system) of the solar system which remained the generally accepted model in the Western and Arab worlds until it was superseded by the heliocentric solar system of Copernicus.
		Latitude was measured from the equator, as it is today, but Ptolemy preferred to express it in the length of the longest day rather than degrees of arc (the length of the midsummer day increases from 12h to 24h as you go from the equator to the polar circle).
		Ptolemy was a disciple of the Gnostic Valentinus, known to us for writing a letter to a wealthy Christian lady named Flora, trying to convert her to the Valentinian faith.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Ptolemy (981 words)

	Apelles - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Another Apelles was the founder of a Gnostic sect in the 2nd century; Apelles (gnostic).
		Ptolemy's jester was suborned by Apelles' rivals to convey to the artist an invitation to dine with Ptolemy.
		Ptolemy demanded to know who had given Apelles the invitation, and with a piece of charcoal from the fireplace Apelles drew a likeness on the wall -- which Ptolemy recognized as his jester in the first strokes of the sketch.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Apelles (815 words)

	Gnostic Christianity
		Ptolemy is a follower of Valentius and, according to ancient testimony, his first pupil.
		Ptolemy attempts to respond to an issue vital for Christians of all theological persuasions: what is the origin, purpose, and value of the Hebrew Scriptures, the "Old Testament"?
		Nevertheless, Ptolemy's teaching is not radically dualistic, Israel's lawgiver is not evil and the "devil," who is, must be distinguished from both the perfect God and the "internediate" teacher of Israel.
	www.etss.edu /hts/hts1/info3.htm (2602 words)

	Gnosticism [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		The Gnostics, in their reading of Scripture, acknowledged no such debt; for they believed that the Hebrew Bible was the written revelation of an inferior creator god (dêmiourgos), filled with lies intended to cloud the minds and judgment of the spiritual human beings (pneumatikoi) whom this Demiurge was intent on enslaving in his material cosmos.
		The Gnostic understood himself to be at once at the center and at the end or culmination of this history, and this idea or ideal was reflected most powerfully in ancient Gnostic exegesis.
		The Gnostic Idea or Notion was not informed by a philosophical world-view or procedure; rather, the Gnostic vision of the world was based upon the intuition of a radical and seemingly irreparable rupture between the realm of experience (pathos) and the realm of true Being, i.e., existence in its positive, creative, or authentic aspect.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/g/gnostic.htm (8278 words)

	Ptolemy - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Ptolemy
		Ptolemy's Geography was a standard source of information until the 16th century.
		In his thesis on astrology, Tetrabiblios, Ptolemy suggests that some force from the stars may influence the lives and events in the human experience.
		As Ptolemy Philopater testified of the African elephant, I then testified of the whale, pronouncing him the most devout of all beings.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Ptolemy (318 words)

	Ptolemy (name) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ptolemy the Son co-ruler with Ptolemy Philadelphus, deposed; possibly his son; if so, possibly the same as Ptolemy Euergetes.
		Ptolemy (grandson) (3rd or 2nd century BC) - grandson of Ptolemy the Son.
		John Baptist Tolomei (Italian variant of Ptolemy) (1653-1726) - Jesuit theologian and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ptolemy_(disambiguation) (1196 words)

	Gnostics, Gnostic Gospels, & Gnosticism
		Marcion was the most famous of the Gnostics, and he established a "canon" of the Pauline epistles (minus the pastorals) and a "mutilated" Luke (presumably considered so because it lacked proof-texts such as Lk 22:43-44).
		Some Gnostic documents are the Gospel of Truth, the Letter to Rheginus, Treatise on the Three Natures, Apocalypse of Adam, the Gospel of Matthias, Gospel of Philip, Acts of Peter, and Acts of Thomas.
		Although the Gnostics were prolific writers, most of their works have been burnt or lost in favor of proto-orthodox writings (and known only through patristic references).
	www.earlychristianwritings.com /gnostics.html (419 words)

	Theology WebSite: Church History Study Helps: Gnosticism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gnosticism's cultural and social setting was the urban world in which Jewish religious texts and symbols were being drawn into syncretism with popularized philosophical notions and themes drawn from Hellenistic religion.
		The Christian Gnostic Ptolemy's "Letter to Flora" was preserved in its original Greek by the 4th century Epiphanius, and 18th century finds in the Egyptian desert produced some important texts in the Egyptian vernacular, Coptic.
		Much of gnosticism is mythologically communicated such that the gnosis which comes as a revelation to those having knowledge takes the form of a story (muthos) about the transcendent primordial realities.
	www.theologywebsite.com /history/gnosis.shtml (536 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ptolemy the Gnostic
		No other certain details are known of his life; Harnack's suggestion that he was identical with the Ptolemy spoken of by St.
		He was, with Heracleon, the principal writer of the Italian or Western school of Valentinian Gnosticism.
		This law, Ptolemy states, cannot be attributed to the Supreme God, nor to the devil; nor does it proceed from one law-giver.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12553c.htm (381 words)

	Fragments of a Faith Forgotten: The Gnosis According to its Foes: Ptolemy
		Opinions, says Ptolemy, are divided; some holding the one extreme and contending that the Jews’ Law came direct from God and the Father (the Logos); others maintaining the absolute contrary, and declaring that it emanated from the opposite power, the destroyer, the god of this world (the Accuser or Diabolos).
		Ptolemy, like the rest of the Valentinians, condemns as strongly such false gnosis as later the now-called "orthodox" Fathers, headed by Irenæus, condemned all gnosis.
		The substance of these cosmic spaces is differentiated in an incomprehensible manner into two powers or aspects, soul enforming body; that is to say, the "planetary soul" enforming the "earth." This soul is an image of the ideal cosmos, and it is from one of its powers that Moses received his inspiration.
	www.sacred-texts.com /gno/fff/fff55.htm (1537 words)

	FROM SERAPIS TO JESUS
		A very novel solution, one that Ptolemy I would use later on in history at Alexandria for the Greek and Egyptian population there, was proposed by Iuput II and accepted by both the Hermeticus and the Thecines.
		Ptolemy II Philadelphus [282 BCE - 246 BCE] and his son Ptolemy III Euergetes [246 BCE - 221 BCE] became interested in studying the primitive group of people, by modern standards, in Judea and at Jerusalem.
		Ptolemy Philometor not only received him kindly, but gave a disused heathen temple in the town of Leontopolis for a Jewish sanctuary.
	www.gnostics.com /serapis.html (12684 words)

	Ptolemy's Commentary On The Gospel Of John Prologue
		In this commentary, Ptolemy interpreted the prologue of John's gospel (Jn 1:1-14) as it related to the first octet of Aions.
		The full Valentinian Gnostic myth and its many variants is too complex a topic for this introduction.
		John, the disciple of the Lord, intentionally spoke of the origination of the entirety, by which the Father emitted all things.
	www.angelfire.com /yt3/mxx/Ptolemy.htm (893 words)

	Ptolemy (c.100-170; fl. 127-151) : Library of Congress Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Selections Title: Ancient India as described by Ptolemy / being a translation of the chapters which describe India and central and eastern Asia in the treatise on geography written by Klaudios Ptolemaios, the celebrated astronomer ; with introduction, commentary and index by J. McCrindle ; edited by Ramchandra Jain, with conculturuum, reference & appendices.
		Selections Title: Ancient India, as described by Ptolemy : being a translation of the chapters which describe India and Central and Eastern Asia in the treatise on geography written by Klaudios Ptolemaios, the celebrated astronomer, with introd., commentary, and index / by J. McCrindle ; ed.
		English Title: Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos : or, Quadripartite : being four books of the influence of the stars / newly translated from the Greek paraphrase of Proclus, with a preface, explanatory notes, and an appendix containing extracts from the Almagest of Ptolemy and the whole of his Centiloquy, together with a short notice of Mr.
	www.mala.bc.ca /~mcneil/cit/citlcptol.htm (1734 words)

	Gnostic Renaissance Information Project
		All the books of the Gnostic Basilides, Porphyry's 36 volumes, papyrus rolls of 27 schools of the Mysteries, and 270,000 ancient documents gathered by Ptolemy Philadelphus were burned.
		Until the nineteenth century the main source of knowledge of Gnosticism was, ironically, in the writings of the Church Fathers, who in their refutations summarised gnostic texts and often quoted at length from them.
		"The [gnostic] movement and its literature were essentially wiped out by the end of the 5th century CE by heresy hunters from mainline Christianity.
	members.tripod.com /~gnostica (1132 words)

	Index of Gnostic Teachings
		The pagan Porphyry was against Gnostics who used this and the Vision of the Foreigner.
		Ptolemy was a disciple of Valentinian and succeeded him after 160 A.D. He wrote an allegorical exegesis of the Gospel of John.
		Ptolemy said that the Torah had three parts by three authors: the pure law of the Ten Commandments, Moses’ additions, and additions by the elders.
	www.biblequery.org /OtherBeliefs/Gnosticism/GnosticIndex.htm (1250 words)

	Gnostic Society Library: Gnostic Scriptures and Fragments
		Modern understanding of Gnosticism was grounded upon these documents (many of which became available only in the last century) and upon the comments of the early Christian "patristic heresiologists" until the discovery of the Gnostic library at Nag Hammadi in 1945.
		The primary examples of these are the sections known as the "Hymn of Jesus" within the Acts of John and the "Hymn of the Pearl" in the Acts of Thomas.
		In the polemical writings of the Church Fathers against the Gnostics, several fragments of their (soon to be destroyed) works were preserved.
	www.gnosis.org /library/gs.htm (908 words)

	False Teachings- Arius
		The "Gnostics" (from "gnosis" the Greek word for knowledge) derived the names for these "gods" from the Scriptures, interpreting common words as mythological gods, and developing myths from the use of these Greek words in the Scriptures.
		Such gnostic ideas were behind the fourth century heresy, introduced by Arius, that was the first major doctrinal crisis in the early Church.
		The Gnostics had a mythology consisting of levels of gods descended from the union of other gods, all with Greek names which are common Greek words in Scripture.
	www.exorthodoxforchrist.com /false_teachings_of_arius.htm (10067 words)

	AAR Syllabi Project: Gnosticism (Desjardins)
		An introduction to Gnosticism, particularly as an important second century religious movement which intersected and at times overlapped with various forms of Christianity.
		This focus on primary sources is grounded in the view that all theorizing about ancient religion begins with the primary data, and in the case of Gnosticism that material is textual in nature.
		There are gnostic churches in California, Toronto and Waterloo, gnostic teachers and magazines, and writers and film-makers who try to incorporate a gnostic perspective into their art.
	www.aarweb.org /syllabus/syllabi/gnosticism-desjardins.html (1511 words)

	Amazon.com: Gnostic Scriptures: Books: Bentley Layton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		If someone wants to understand the Gnostics, I think this is the best place to start, beginning with the excellent historical introduction and a perusal of key texts (Apocryphon of John, Trimorphic Protennoia, Thunder Perfect Mind, The Gospel of Truth, th Letter of Ptolemy to Flora, and The Hymn of the Pearl).
		The Gnostics were a fairly amorphous movement of syncretic spiritual seekers who sought direct knowledge or 'Gnosis' of God without an intermediate power controlling their access to God.
		Gnostics generally rejected churches, temples, and other religious institutions or when they attended them, felt as if they were the 'elite.' This caused considerable annoyance to the religious authorities, especially the Christian ones, as some Gnostics adapted Christian theology and ideas and re-shaped them to their own religious purposes.
	www.amazon.com /Gnostic-Scriptures-Bentley-Layton/dp/0385174470 (2207 words)

	Ptolemy the Gnostic
		Ptolemy the Gnostic, a heretic of the second century and personal disciple of Valentinus.
		In his interpretation of the universe, Ptolemy resorted to a fantastic system of eons.
		This system becomes the basis of a wild exegesis which discovers in the prologue of St. John's Gospel the first Ogdoad.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/p/ptolemy_gnostic.html (402 words)

	Order of Nazorean Essenes
		THE WHEEL BROKEN AT THE CISTERN The Divergence of Orthodox Christianity from Gnosticism.
		There is much scholarly debate as to when Gnosticism began, whether it is pre-christian or post-christian.
		Ptolemy's Commentary on the Gospel of John - Discusses the Gnostic Aeon ramifications of the Gospel prologue.
	essenes.net /bnei4.htm (1368 words)

	The Letter to Flora
		This is a word for word quotation of Ptolemy's letter, preserved by Epiphanius in his work Against Heresies, 33.3.1 - 33.7.10.
		It relates the Gnostic view of the Law of Moses, and the situation of the Demiurge relative to this law.
		These points will be of great benefit to you in the future, if like fair and good ground you have received fertile seeds and go on to show forth their fruit.
	www.webcom.com /~gnosis/library/flora.htm (1992 words)

	Ptolemy the Gnostic (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		No other certain details are known of his life; Harnack's suggestion that he was identical with the Ptolemy spoken of by St. Justin is as yet unproved (Text.
		He is the creator of the universe, is neither perfect, nor the author of evil, but ought to be called just.
		Thirty of these, as he believes, rule the higher world, the pleroma.
	www.catholicity.com.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/p/ptolemy_gnostic.html (402 words)

	The Valentinian Cosmology
		In keeping with the magnificent creativity of Hellenistic Gnosticism - so different from the straight-jacket conformity and heresy-hunting of the Christian Church - each of these students in turn founded their own variant schools, so that we have a Ptolemaeic Valentinism, a Heracleonan Valentinism, and so on.
		Here he is paraphrasing and summarising the accounts of the Christian polemicists such as Irenaeus who, despite their sarcasm and frequent lack of understanding, nevertheless did at least make an attempt to understand their Gnostic contemporaries.
		So here we have the concept of emanation and unfolding within a totally transcendent Divine reality, a common and central theme in almost all the Gnostic schools.
	www.kheper.net /topics/Gnosticism/Valentinian.htm (343 words)

	Gnosticism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some Gnostic philosophers identify the Demiurge with Yahweh, the God of the Old Testament, in opposition and contrast to the God of the New Testament.
		A number of ecclesiastical bodies which think of themselves as Gnostic have been set up or re-founded since World War II as well, including Ecclesia Gnostica, the Thomasine Church, the Apostolic Johannite Church, the North American College of Gnostic Bishops, and the World Gnostic Movement of Samael Aun Weor.
		The Cathars of the Languedoc - A medieval heretical sect, related to Gnosticism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gnostic (7221 words)

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