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Topic: Ptolemy (mythological)

	Learn more about Hipparchus in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Ptolemy quotes an equinox timing by Hipparchus (at 24 March 146 BC at dawn) that differs from the observation made on that day in Alexandria (at 5h after sunrise): Hipparchus may have visited Alexandria but he did not make his equinox observations there; presumably he was on Rhodes (at the same geographical longitude).
		The value for the eccentricity attributed to Hipparchus by Ptolemy is that the offset is 1/24 of the radius of the orbit (which is too large), and the direction of the apogee would be at longitude 65.5° from the vernal equinox.
		Ptolemy compared his catalogue with those of Aristyllus, Timocharis, Hipparchus and the observations of Agrippa and Menelaus of Alexandria from the early 1st century and he finally confirmed Hipparchus' empirical fact that poles of the celestial equator in one Platonic year (approximately 25,777 sidereal years) encircle the ecliptical pole.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /h/hi/hipparchus.html (6619 words)

	Ptolemy - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Ptolemy
		Ptolemy's Geography was a standard source of information until the 16th century.
		In his thesis on astrology, Tetrabiblios, Ptolemy suggests that some force from the stars may influence the lives and events in the human experience.
		As Ptolemy Philopater testified of the African elephant, I then testified of the whale, pronouncing him the most devout of all beings.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Ptolemy (318 words)

	Kepler College located in Lynnwood, Washington
		It is often this mythological overlap that is assumed to have been carried over into Greek astrology and to account for the reason why the Greeks named their planets after their corresponding gods.
		In addition, because of the mythological basis for the astral religion of the Mesopotamians and their probable influence of Greek planetary astrology, there needs to be established a continuity of themes between the pantheon gods and the planets that they embody.
		In chapter V, Ptolemy also mentions that "two of the planets on account of their temperate quality, and because heat and moisture are predominant in them, are considered by the ancients as benefic, or causers of good: these are Jupiter and Venus" (Aschmand, p.12).
	www.kepler.edu /articles/student/1q2000mateus.html (7017 words)

	The Dilemma of Aging - StarIQ.com
		According to Ptolemy, the Moon is an appropriate ruler for this age because there is a flexibility in the body, quick growth, changeability and the food of infancy is liquid, all things that are linked to the Moon.
		Ptolemy explains that this is the period when the child begins to articulate and formulate intelligence, when learning takes place and the mind-character can be molded through instruction.
		Ptolemy explains that this is the age when there is an impulse toward love, sexual expression and a burning passion for ideals and all the blindness that goes with it.
	www.stariq.com /pagetemplate/article.asp?PageID=1171 (988 words)

	The Newberry Library: Smith Center Publications
		Ptolemy’s treatise urges that this approach should be abandoned in favor of using degrees of latitude.
		Ptolemy used the westernmost known land, in the Fortunate (Canary) Islands, as the location for his prime meridian, a practice that was followed up to the eighteenth century.
		When Ptolemy wrote his treatise on map-making at the height of the Roman Empire, he expected the map of the world to change as new locations were recorded.
	www.newberry.org /smith/slidesets/ss08.html (6132 words)

	Ancient Egyptian Astrology - Crystalinks
		Ptolemy worked from the data of past astrologers to map over one thousand stars.
		Ptolemy may never have actually practiced astrology, as there has not been a single horoscope found that was created by him.
		Ptolemy's work was continued and commented on by the Alexandrian mathematician Pappus, the mathematician/astronomer Theon of Alexandria, and the Greek mathematician Proclus, who wrote a paraphrase of Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos.
	www.crystalinks.com /egyptastrology.html (3535 words)

	ASP: Constellations
		For example, Ptolemy refers to one star by the description "the reddish one on the southern eye," a star we now know as Aldebaran in the constellation of Taurus the Bull.
		Ptolemy refers to another star in the obsolete constellation of Argo the Boat as "the northernmost of two stars close together over the little shield in the poop," a bit cumbersome if you are trying to learn the names of many stars.
		After the tenth century, the works of Ptolemy and others were re-introduced into Europe by the Islamic Arabs, and the Greek books were translated from Arabic into Latin, the scientific language of the day.
	www.astrosociety.org /education/publications/tnl/21/21.html (1577 words)

	Ptolemy, the Man
		Ptolemy synthesized and extended Hipparchus's system of epicycles and eccentric circles to explain his geocentric theory of the solar system.
		Ptolemy's system involved at least 80 epicycles to explain the motions of the Sun, the Moon, and the five planets known in his time.
		Ptolemy of course knew that the Earth is a sphere.
	www.seds.org /billa/psc/theman.html (487 words)

	Hipparchus - Crystalinks
		Various relations with yearly phenomena led to different values for the length of the year.Similarly various relations between the periods of the planets were known.
		Also it is known that the Babylonian priest known as Berossus wrote around 281 BC a book in Greek on the (rather mythological) history of Babylonia, the Babyloniaca, for the new ruler Antiochus I; it is said that later he founded a school of astrology on the Greek island of Kos.
		Ptolemy gives an extensive discussion of Hipparchus' work on the length of the year in the Almagest III.1, and quotes many observations that Hipparchus made or used, spanning 162 BC to 128 BC.
	www.crystalinks.com /hipparchus.html (3264 words)

	History of Constellation and Star Names
		In their descriptions to the time of Ptolemy the constellations were defined by the Greeks by their juxtaposition (i.e., descriptive comparison of positional relationship to each other).
		Prior to Hipparchus (and Ptolemy) the general goal of the Greeks at least was not accurate astronomical observation but artistic and mythological education.
		Ptolemy did not identify the stars in his catalogue with Greek letters, as is done by modern astronomers.
	members.optusnet.com.au /~gtosiris/page11-11.html (2334 words)

	Cleopatra Discussion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Ptolemy XVI (of Mauretania) was Cleopatra VII's grandson, and the son of Cleopatra Selene (the Queen's only daughter) and Juba II.
		Aghrist the grandaughter of the king of athens and ptolemy XV king of egypt and aker was with child when her husband died.
		Ptolemy, being very young and not as strong in character as her sister, was easily exploited by the ambitious Pothinus and led him to despise her sister.
	ce.eng.usf.edu /pharos/alexandria/History/cl_forum.html (8278 words)

	Library of Alexandria
		The Library of Alexandria, founded by Ptolemy I at the end of the 4th century BC is the most famous library of the ancient world.
		They found copies that Ashurbanipal had made of an old mythological story, or to them it was a religious story, of the hero Gilgamesh, and some of the episodes in the account of the hero Gilgamesh are very like the episodes, include an episode very much like the Flood of the Bible.
		It was founded by Ptolemy I whose reign began in 306 BC and lasted until 282 BC, and it was founded to give added glory to his new capital at Alexandria.
	www.justpacific.com /bits'n'pieces/alexandrialib.html (3178 words)

	Ptolemy (name) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ptolemy of Epirus (died 235 BC) - King of the Greek frontier kingdom of Epirus.
		Ptolemy (son of Mennaeus) (rule ended circa 40 BC) - governor of Abilene, a district of the disputed region of Coele-Syria.
		Several Ptolemies, particularly those from the Ptolemaic period, were recorded by a variety of epithets, not all of which can be assigned with certainty to any one Ptolemy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ptolemy_(name) (1258 words)

	Hipparchus...SciPeeps.com
		In the 2nd and 3rd centuries coins were made in his honour in Bithynia that bear his name and show him with a globe; this confirms the tradition that he was born there.
		The question remains if Hipparchus is really the author of the values provided by Ptolemy, who found no change 3 centuries later, and added lengths for the autumn and winter seasons.
		Since Ptolemy's copy in the Almagest is given in ecliptical coordinates, that system would seem the most likely; although there is evidence that both ecliptic coordinates and equatorial coordinates were used in the original observations.
	www.scipeeps.com /hipparchus.html (6700 words)

	Christian Gnosticism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the system of Ptolemy we are explicitly told that the cause of Sophia's fall was her desire to know the ineffable Father.
		The remainder of Ptolemy's account is concerned with the production of the material cosmos out of the hypostatized "passions" of Sophia, and the activity of the Savior (Jesus Christ) in arranging these initially chaotic passions into a structured hierarchy of existents (Irenaeus 1.4.5 ff., and cp.
		Rather than simply declaring these two gods to be unrelated, as did Marcion, Ptolemy develops a complex, allegorical reading of the Hebrew Scriptures in relation to the New Testament in order to establish a genealogy connecting the Pleroma, Sophia and her "passion," the Demiurge, and the salvific activity of Jesus Christ.
	www.hermetic-philosophy.com /gnosis1.htm (5652 words)

	I little dissertation on Ophiuchus, e... - Ophiuchus - tribe.net
		Ptolemy never resolved these contradictions between a simple twelve-sign Solar Zodiac description of the skies and the reality of the thirteen sign heavens, and we as astrologers are still struggling with them today.
		During the Renaissance, Ptolemy's work became freely available once again, which lead to the production of new catalogues and the drawing, for the first time, of accurate maps of the skies.
		This constellation, known from antiquity, is one of the 48 constellations described by Ptolemy.
	ophiuchus.tribe.net /thread/0786c6f0-b798-4133-a298-14ab8622a4b6 (1833 words)

	constellation - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Identifiable groupings of bright stars have been recognized and named since ancient times, the names corresponding to mythological figures (e.g., Perseus, Andromeda, Hercules, Orion), animals (e.g., Leo the Lion, Cygnus the Swan, Draco the Dragon), or objects (e.g., Libra the Balance, Corona the Crown).
		As systematic observations were extended to the entire southern sky from the 17th cent.
		For example, Ptolemy's 48th constellation, Argo Navis, representing a ship, was divided into four smaller constellations corresponding to different parts of the ship.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-constell.html (590 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Coma Berenices is lesser known than nearby Virgo and this is probably because she does not have any 1st magnitude stars and is not located along the Ecliptic, the Sun's yearly path, and thus lacks any astrological significance for the superstitious.
		When Ptolemy returned from his successful campaign Berniece had her hair cut off and placed it on the temple's altar.
		All was made well when an astronomer, Conon of Samos, stepped in and explained that Venus had been so pleased with the offering that she had transformed the hair of the queen into a splash of stars.
	greenfield.fortunecity.com /panda/454/2000/sp200004.txt (677 words)

	Alexandria and the Hellenistic World Which Engulfed It: The Early Years
		Ptolemy's base was Egypt, and it was there that he and his descendants were to go on to build their capital into the greatest Greek colony of the ancient world.
		Ptolemy was also a very experienced general and since so much prosperity grew from his businesses, he was rich enough to have one of the finest mercenary armies of the time, and a fleet that was hard to surpass.
		Ptolemy was asked to put a deposit of fifteen talents on the transaction, which he did willingly.
	www.moyak.com /researcher/resume/papers/alexandria.html (4460 words)

	ASTR 121, O'CONNELL. Study Guide [Spring 2002]
		Ptolemy had to include a number of complicated geometric features in order to reproduce the observed planetary motions.
		Much later (the 20th century), symmetry was found to be the key to understanding subatomic particles, crystalline solids, DNA molecules, and a wealth of other phenomena.
		Ptolemy's model reproduced the angular motions of the planets on the sky reasonably well.
	www.astro.virginia.edu /class/oconnell/astr121/121s02/guide06-s02.html (1751 words)

	ANCIENT EGYPT : The rise of Alexandro-Egyptian Hellenism and Hermetism
		In the winter of 283-2, Ptolemy I died at the age of 84, but Ptolemy II was already co-ruler and crowned in 282 BCE.
		The dynastic cult was the political device with which the Ptolemies legitimized their rule : for the ruling classes Ptolemy I was Basileus, a divine person in Alexandrian style, for the natives he was Pharaoh, son of Re, Egypt personified.
		Ptolemy I Soter (304 - 282 BCE) and his son Ptolemy II Philadelphus (282 - 246 BCE) promised to publish the secret literature of the three groups of citizens of Egypt : native Egyptians, Greeks and Jews.
	www.maat.sofiatopia.org /hermes2.htm (15167 words)

	Dionysus and Kataragama: Parallel Mystery Cults
		As a resident of second-century Alexandria, Ptolemy was also well-positioned to encounter and de-brief his principal informants, the adventurous and enterprising mariners of Alexandria who regularly ventured as far as the fabled island of Taprobane (Lanka) and beyond, navigating the high seas using newly-improved astrolabes and quadrants.
		Ptolemy's Taprobane: Greek mariners reported the existence of a 'town of Bacchus ('Bachi ciuitat') in the vicinity of present-day Kataragama.
		Indeed, Ptolemy provides at least three references to Dionysus in his catalog of island Lanka's coastal landmarks -- all of them in the close vicinity of Kataragama, which was already an ancient cult center in Ptolemy's day.
	xlweb.com /heritage/skanda/dionysus.htm (11825 words)

	MYSTERIOUS WORLD: Summer 2003: Fragments
		Ptolemy began his reign in 323 b.c., and expanded his empire to include Palestine, Cyprus, and Lybia, and other nearby territories, after which came the golden age of Alexandria.
		Ptolemy was succeeded by Ptolemies II, III, IV, V, X, XII, and the Ptolemaic age ended with the famous Queen Cleopatra, after whom the Roman Empire took control of Egypt and the Ptolemaic capitol, Alexandria.
		However, though Ptolemy II did not build the structure, or even commission it, he was more than willing to take credit for it, and ordered that his name, not the builder's, be engraved upon its base.
	www.mysteriousworld.com /Journal/2003/Summer/Fragments (3545 words)

	Observing the Constellations
		It was subsequently transferred to the heavens as Apollo was particularly pleased by its music, Orpheus mastered it and used it to charm the keepers of the underworld.
		Both Delphinus, the Dolphin, and Equuleus, the Foal are ancient constellations and were duly recorded by Ptolemy in the Almagest.
		Poseidon, god of the sea, placed the image of a dolphin in the sky in gratitude for the dolphin's help in wooing his wife, the mermaid Amphitrite.
	www.csulb.edu /~gordon/constel.html (1660 words)

	Constellations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Constellations are named after mythological and religious animals or objects.
		The oldest drawings that have been found of constellations are on vases, seals, and game boards from the Sumerians.
		The first explorers of the South Seas mapped the southern sky at the end of the 16th century.
	library.thinkquest.org /J001665/constellations.html (90 words)

	LBST 302 SCIENCE LABS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Accounts offered by different cultures range from astrology and the identification of mythological characters in star patterns, through precise observation of regularities and anomalies in the various motions, to more or less scientific speculation about the overall structure of the universe and about our place in it.
		Ptolemy developed an account of the motions of the celestial bodies based on the assumptions and arguments of Plato and Aristotle and supplemented by applications of geometry provided by various Greek astronomers.
		Using a complicated selection of sizes for the deferents and various epicycles (and, where necessary, epicycles upon epicycles) Ptolemy was able to achieve a mathematically sound system for predicting the positions of the heavenly bodies well within the margin of error of the observational methods of his time.
	www.mala.bc.ca /~black/lbsthome/astronom.htm (8288 words)

	Islam Online- News Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the second century, Claudius Ptolemy was the fountainhead of astronomical calculations, creating some of the first diagrams and tables of the heavens.
		Later generations improved upon Ptolemy's work, which, ironically, would have been lost to the world, had it not been for Arab civilization at the time.
		They were meant to provide a greater understanding of the workings of the heavens, how day and night were created, how the months and seasons corresponded with the motions of the moon and planets, and the calculation of the distance to and circumference of some of these heavenly bodies.
	www.islamonline.net /english/Science/2001/02/article5.shtml (723 words)

	The Hellenistic World: Definitions
		The kidnapping of his remains by Ptolemy led to a war amongst his successors in which Perdiccas and Craterus were killed.
		In Egypt, Ptolemy I was the satrap and acting Regent before Alexander's death, ruling from Memphis.
		Kings like Ptolemy I were always in competition with each other and wanted poets in their courts to write propaganda for them.
	www.moyak.com /researcher/resume/papers/definitions_ancient.html (5075 words)

	Astrological - Page#12
		Ptolemy devotes an entire chapter to it in Tetrabiblos (I.18, Peri Trigonon).
		It is important to understand that Ptolemy has already explained the rationale for the positions of signs around the wheel, and that it is by virtue of these placements alone and the primacy of the triangular shape that certain signs end of in a triplicity.
		Mars is placed in Aries because it is the third furthest planet from the Sun and so the third placed from the Moon, which is next to the Sun and marks the beginning of the feminine or nocturnal half of the zodiac.
	www.gotohoroscope.com /dictionary/astrological-12.html (1590 words)

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