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	Ptolemy I of Egypt
		Ptolemy I (367 - 283 BC reigned 305 - 283 BC), founder of the dynasty of the same name, son of Lagus, a Macedonian nobleman of Eordaea, was one of Alexander the Great's most trusted generals, and among the seven "body-guards" attached to his person.
		In 312 BC Ptolemy, with Seleucus, the fugitive satrap of Babylonia, invaded Palestine and beat Demetrius, the son of Antigonus, in the great battle of Gaza.
		Ptolemy I Soter died in 283 BC at the age of 84.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/p/pt/ptolemy_i_of_egypt.html (901 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ptolemy I of Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ptolemy I Soter (367 BCâ“283 BC) was the ruler of Egypt (323 BC - 283 BC) and founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty.
		In 312, Ptolemy and Seleucus, the fugitive satrap of Babylonia, invaded Coele-Syria and defeated Demetrius, the son of Antigonus, in the Battle of Gaza.
		Ptolemy I Soter died in 283 at the age of 84.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ptolemy-I-of-Egypt (4525 words)

	PTOLEMY - LoveToKnow Article on PTOLEMY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ptolemy now takes up this question for the planets; he says that this perfection is of the essence of celestial things, which admit of neither disorder nor inequality, that this planetary theory is one of extreme difficulty, and that no one had yet completely succeeded in it.
		Ptolemy concludes his great work by saying that he has included in it everything of practical utility which in his judgment should find a place in a treatise on astronomy at the time it was written, with relation as well to discoveries as to methods.
		Ptolemy especially devoted himself to the mathematical branch of his subject, and the arrangement of his work, in which his rcsults are presented in a tabular form, instead of being at once embodied in a map, was undoubtedly designed to enable the student to construct his maps for himself.
	9.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PT/PTOLEMY.htm (12441 words)

	PTOLEMIES - LoveToKnow Article on PTOLEMIES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 312 Ptolemy, with Seleucus, the fugitive satrap of Babylonia, invaded' Palestine and beat Demetrius, the son of Antigonus, in the great battle of Gaza.
		Henceforth, Ptolemy seems to have mingled as little as possible in the broils of Asia Minor and Greece; his possessions in Greece he did not retain, but Cyprus he reconquered in 2954.
		In 285 he abdicated in favor of one of his younger sons by Berenice (qv), who bore his fathers name of Ptolemy; his eldest (legitimate) son, Ptolemy Ceraunus, whose mother, Eurydice, the daughter of Antipater, had been repudiated, fled to the court of Lysimachus.
	8.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PT/PTOLEMIES.htm (851 words)

	ipedia.com: Ptolemy II of Egypt Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		His brother Ptolemy Ceraunus found compensation by becoming king in Macedonia in 281, and perished in the Gallic invasion of 280-79 (see Brennus).
		Ptolemy's first wife, Arsinoë I;, daughter of Lysimachus, was the mother of his legitimate children.
		Ptolemy had many brilliant mistresses, and his court, magnificent and dissolute, intellectual and artificial, has been justly compared with the Versailles of Louis XIV.
	www.ipedia.com /ptolemy_ii_of_egypt.html (457 words)

	Ptolemy, II Biography / Biography of Ptolemy, II Biography Biography
		Ptolemy II (308-246 B.C.) was a king of Egypt, the second and greatest of the Lagid dynasty of Macedonian kings who ruled Egypt between 323 and 30 B.C. He was later known by the epithet Philadelphus, "Brother-loving," which he shared with his wife Arsinoë.
		Ptolemy inherited Palestine and resisted the attempts of Antiochus I, the Seleucid king of Syria, to wrest it from him.
		Ptolemy's ships controlled the eastern Mediterranean, and he was master of Cyprus, the Phoenician coast, and part of northern Syria, while his second marriage brought him possessions in the Aegean.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-ptolemy-ii (525 words)

	Ptolemy Keraunos -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		His younger brother (Son of Ptolemy I and king of Egypt who was said to be responsible for the Septuagint (circa 309-247 BC)) Ptolemy II became heir apparent and, in 282 BC, the new (The title of the ancient Egyptian kings) pharaoh.
		After the ceremony he killed Arsinoe's two younger sons and Arsinoe II herself fled to Egypt and married her own brother (Son of Ptolemy I and king of Egypt who was said to be responsible for the Septuagint (circa 309-247 BC)) Ptolemy II.
		Ptolemy Keraunos was killed in war against the (A Celt of ancient Gaul) Gauls of (Click link for more info and facts about Brennus) Brennus.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pt/ptolemy_keraunos.htm (289 words)

	InfoHub Forums - Ptolemaic dynasty
		Ptolemy I died in 283 B.C. at the age of 84 and his son Ptolemy II finished the construction of the lighthouse.
		Ptolemy IV Philapator was the fourth king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of ancient Egypt.
		Ptolemy V Epiphanes Eucharistos was the fifth king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of ancient Egypt.
	www.infohub.com /forums/showthread.php?p=10979#post10979 (3911 words)

	The Book of Daniel, Chapter 11
		Ptolemy Ceraunus, younger brother of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285-246 BC), killed Seleucus I. Antiochus I Soter (280-261 BC) succeeded his father Seleucus I and was succeeded by his son Antiochus II Theos (261-246 BC).
		Ptolemy IV Philopater (221-203 BC) succeeded Ptolemy III as king of Egypt, and, he was attacked by Antiochus III, who beat the army of Ptolemy IV near Berytus.
		Ptolemy V and Cleopatra I then sent an embassy to Rome to congratulate the Romans on their victory and to encourage the Romans to press on with the war in Asia.
	www.csg.net /eschatology/Daniel-11.htm (3389 words)

	Ptolemy II of Egypt - ArtPolitic Encyclopedia of Politics : Information Portal
		His brother Ptolemy Ceraunus found compensation by becoming king in Macedonia in 281, and perished in the Gallic invasion of 280—79 (see Brennus).
		Ptolemy II maintained a splendid court in Alexandria.
		In a second war with the Seleucid kingdom, under Antiochus II[?] (after 260), Ptolemy sustained losses on the seaboard of Asia Minor and agreed to a peace by which Antiochus married his daughter Berenice (250?).
	www.artpolitic.org /infopedia/pt/Ptolemy_II.html (458 words)

	Ptolemy Keraunos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He was the eldest son of Ptolemy I Soter (ruler of Egypt) and his third wife Eurydice (daughter of Antipater).
		After Lysimachus' defeat and death in the battle of Corupedium in 281 BC, against Seleucus I Nicator, Ptolemy Keraunos murdered Seleucus I. In 281 BC he made an alliance with Pyrrhus of Epirus.
		Ptolemy Keraunos was killed in war against the Gauls of Brennus.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/P/Ptolemy-Keraunos.htm (238 words)

	Theoxena
		Her ancestry is unstated, and the argument for a connection to Ptolemy I is essentially circumstantial.
		Ptolemy II The dating is inferred by Fraser, from the form of the lettering and from the fact that Arsinoe II is not also named.
		Ptolemy II against parties whose names are lost and that he banished her to the Thebaid.
	www.geocities.com /christopherjbennett/ptolemies/theoxena.htm (1100 words)

	Ptolemy biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		PTOLEMY I (c.367-283 B.C.), surnamed SOTER (the preserver), was a Macedonian, the reputed son of Lagus.
		On the death of Alexander (323 B.C.) and the division of his possessions, Egypt and Libya fell to the share of Ptolemy and, while nominally only satrap of these provinces, he was from the first virtually an independent ruler.
		Ptolemy was a wise administrator and skillfully reconciled the opposing interests of his Greek and Egyptian subjects.
	www.dromo.info /ptolemybio.htm (270 words)

	Ptolemy Ceraunus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The presence of his mother Eurydice at the marriage of Demetrius to Ptolemais in Miletus in 287 suggests that she was no longer married to Ptolemy I at this time.
		Ptolemy II Presumably the accession of Ptolemy II as co-ruler in 285/4 represents Ceraunus' final defeat in this struggle.
		However, it may be a little earlier, as a result of the rapprochement between Lysimachus and Ptolemy II signified by his marriage to Lysimachus' daughter Arsinoe I.
	www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk /Egypt/ptolemies/ceraunus.htm (531 words)

	3704 AM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ptolemy was the son of Ptolemy the First, by his wife Euridice and brother to Arsinoe the widow of Lysimachus.
		Ceraunus grew in favour in the eyes of the people because of his father Ptolemy the First of Egypt and for the revenge which he took on Lysimachus' death.
		Ptolemy accompanied his daughter as far as Pelusium and there gave him an enormous quantity of gold and silver for a dowry with her.
	bennieblount.org /Online/Ussher/86.htm (23132 words)

	Ptolemy II of Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		His brother Ptolemy Ceraunus found compensation by becoming king in Macedonia in 281 BCE, and perished in the Gallic invasion of 280-79 (see Brennus).
		He began his reign as co-regent with his parents Ptolemy I and Berenice I from 288 BC-285 BC.
		Ptolemy Philadelphus at LacusCurtius — (Chapter III of E. R Bevan's House of Ptolemy, 1923)
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/P/Ptolemy-II-of-Egypt.htm (514 words)

	Ptolemy I
		Ptolemy I was probably not the father of Ptolemy son of Ptolemy, bodyguard to Philip III.
		On these grounds Collins proposes that the story that Philip II was Ptolemy's father was propaganda of Ptolemy Ceraunus, designed to justify his claim to the Macedonian throne by showing that he was a male-line if distaff member of the Argaead dynasty.
		Given the presence of a nearby inscription of Ptolemy II, it seems to me most likely, as Kuhlmann proposes, that Lepsius and Bouché-Leclercq were correct: the inscription was dedicated to Ptolemy I by his daughter Arsinoe II.
	www.geocities.com /christopherjbennett/ptolemies/ptolemy_i.htm (8955 words)

	PTOLEMY II - Online Information article about PTOLEMY II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ptolemy deified his parents as the 8eoi and X4iol, and his sister-wife, after her See also:
		This surname was used in later generations to distin- guish Ptolemy II.
		Ptolemy himself was eager to increase the library and to patronize scientific See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PRE_PYR/PTOLEMY_II.html (462 words)

	Justin: Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus, Book 17 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ptolemy, who had no excuse for holding back for want of forces, supplied him with five thousand infantry, four thousand cavalry, and fifty elephants, but for not more than two years’ service.
		In return for this favour, Pyrrhus, after marrying the daughter of Ptolemy, appointed him guardian of his kingdom in his absence; lest, on carrying the flower of his army into Italy, he should leave his dominions a prey to his enemies.
		Ptolemy Ceraunus, the eldest son of Ptolemy Lagus, and brother of Ptolemy Philadelphus; xvi.
	www.forumromanum.org /literature/justin/english/trans17.html (1465 words)

	Arsinoe II of Egypt - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This proved to be a serious misjudgement, as Ptolemy Ceraunus promptly killed two of her sons; the third was able to escape.
		Apparently, she contributed greatly to foreign policy, including Ptolemy's victory in the First Syrian War (274-271 BC) between Egypt and the Seleucid Empire in the Middle East.
		After her death Ptolemy II continued to refer to her on official documents, as well as supporting her coinage and cult.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Arsinoe_II_of_Egypt (223 words)

	Wushu
		Lysimachus, Seleucus, and Ptolemy now divided the empire of in 285 in favour of his son by Berenice afterwards known as Ptolemy Ceraunus, by his wife.html">wife Eurydice.
		Ptolemy Ceraunus quitted Arsinoe, the wife of Lysimachus, jealous of her stepson securing the succession for her own children, conspired with procured the consent of Lysimachus to his murder.html">murder; and after some prison, where Ptolemy Ceraunus despatched him with his own hand.
		The murder of Agathocles had not been designs upon the supreme power, which he now completed by another near Lysimachia in Thrace, Ptolemy treacherously assassinated him act, Ptolemy Ceraunus, who gave himself out as the avenger of our modern notions, saluted king by the army; but the Asiatic The crime of Ptolemy.
	www.wordlookup.net /wu/wushu.html (1114 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 867 (v. 2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Son of Ptolemy Philadelphus by Arsinoe, the daughter of Lysimachus, king of Thrace.
		A friend and counsellor of Philip V., king of.Macedonia, was one of the two selected by him to assist in the secret council for the trial of his son, Demetrius.
		But during the seven years which he thus spent in apparent inactivity, it is clear that he had not only consolidated his power, but extended his dominion as far as the mouths of the Danube, and occupied with his garrisons the Greek cities along the western shores of the Euxine.
	ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/1975.html (765 words)

	Unknown daughter of Ceraunus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Justin 17.2, 24.1 states that on his accession to the throne of Macedon Ptolemy Ceraunus gave a daughter in marriage to Pyrrhus king of Epirus, along with arms and men to support his Italian campaign, and that Pyrrhus appointed Ptolemy guardian of his kingdom.
		Further, Justin 18.1 also states that Pyrrhus left his son Ptolemy, aged 15, as guardian of his kingdom, which would appear to contradict his similar statement for Ptolemy Ceraunus.
		Justin 17.2, 24.1 states that the marriage occurred on Ptolemy Ceraunus' accession to the throne of Macedon.
	www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk /Egypt/ptolemies/unknown_ii.htm (301 words)

	Seleucus I Nicator - ArtPolitic Encyclopedia of Politics : Information Portal
		The victory won by Ptolemy at Gaza in 312 BC opened the way for Seleucus to return to the east.
		His intervention in the west was solicited by Ptolemy Ceraunus, who, on the accession to the Egyptian throne of his brother Ptolemy II (285 BC), had at first taken refuge with Lysimachus and then with Seleucus.
		He had, however, hardly crossed into the Chersonese when he was assassinated by Ptolemy Ceraunus[?] near Lysimachia[?] (281 BC).
	www.artpolitic.org /infopedia/se/Seleucus_I.html (748 words)

	Ptolemy II Philadelphus
		Ptolemaic King of Egypt with Ptolemy I, Berenice I, Arsinoe I, and Arsinoe II
		His brother Ptolemy Ceraunus found compensation by becoming king in Macedonia in 281 BC, and perished in the Gallic invasion of 280-79 (see Brennus).
		Ptolemy II Ptolemy Philadelphus at LacusCurtius (http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Africa/Egypt/_Texts/BEVHOP/3.html) — (Chapter III of E. R Bevan's House of Ptolemy*, 1923)
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Bios/PtolemyIIPhiladelphus.html (517 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Seleucids
		Under Soter's son, ANTIOCHUS II THEOS (261-46), began the wars with the Ptolemies for the possession of Phoenicia and Palestine.
		The marriage of Antiochus II to Berenice, daughter of Ptolemy II Philadelphus, brought about a temporary cessation of the struggle; but on Ptolemy's death, Laodice, the first and disowned wife of Antiochus, was recalled and avenged herself by having Antiochus, Berenice, and their child put to death.
		To secure possession of Coele-Syria and Palestine this monarch began a war with Ptolemy V; although defeated at Raphia (217), the battle of Paneas (198) resulted in his favor, Palestine thenceforth belonging to the Syrian Empire.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13690a.htm (1368 words)

	Seleucus I Nicator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The victory won by Ptolemy at Gaza in 312 opened the way for Seleucus to return to the east.
		His intervention in the west was solicited by Ptolemy, Ceraunus, who, on the accession to the Egyptian throne of his brother Ptolemy II (285), had at first taken refuge with Lysimachus and then with Seleucus.
		He had, however, hardly crossed into the Chersonese when he was assassinated by Ptolemy Ceraunus near Lysimachia (28!).
	brandt.kurowski.net /projects/lsa/wiki/view.cgi?doc=192 (636 words)

	Sketches in the History of Western Philosophy
		Seleucus left India to the growing power of the Mauryas, but was about to add Thrace to his kingdom when, stepping out of the boat in Europe, he was assassinated by Ptolemy Ceraunus, whom he had taken in as a refugee.
		Ceraunus claimed the throne of Thrace and Macedon, while the rest of Seleucus' domain passed to his half-Iranian son Antiochus.
		In the strange political project of turning all Egyptians into Nubians, or even Nigerians, the Ptolemies pose a special challenge, since they weren't Egyptians at all but are nevertheless roped into the business because Cleopatra is too famous an Egyptian not to actually have been an Egyptian.
	www.friesian.com /hist-1.htm (12266 words)

	Notes as of 4/18/95
		It was a pretty dog-eat-dog age and an age of chivalry--cf.
		Olympias, Cassander, Ceraunus's assassination of Seleceus Nicator (in 281) vs. Ptolemy returning Demetrius's furniture after Gaza (307).
		The Ptolemies stayed in control, more or less and less, of Egypt until the death of Cleopatra VII in 31.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /rrice/190425.html (711 words)

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