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Topic: Ptolemy Philadelphus (Cleopatra)

	Ptolemy Philadelphus
		Ptolemy Philadelphus (36 - 12 B.C.) was the youngest child of Mark Antony and Cleopatra.
		Augustus Caesar took him and his sister Cleopatra Selene back to Rome as captives after their parents killed themselves (and their two brothers died) in 30 B.C., and they lived with Octavia, who was Augustus's sister and had been Antony's wife.
		Ptolemy became a chariot racer and died in an accident on the track, competing against his chief rival, Antipater, the son of King Herod the Great of Judea.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pt/Ptolemy_Philadelphus.html (104 words)

	Ptolemy II Philadelphus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ptolemy II Philadelphus (309–246 BC), was the king of Egypt from 281 BC to 246 BC.
		Ptolemy's first wife, Arsinoë I, daughter of Lysimachus, was the mother of his legitimate children.
		Ptolemy himself was eager to increase the library and to patronize scientific research.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ptolemy_Philadelphus (514 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ptolemy Philadelphus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ptolemy IV Philopator was the fourth ruler of the Ptolemaic Dynasty.
		Ptolemy VI Philometor was the sixth ruler of the Ptolemaic Dynasty.
		Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator was the seventh ruler of the Ptolemaic Dynasty.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ptolemy-Philadelphus (225 words)

	Cleopatra VII of Egypt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As co-ruler of Egypt with her father (Ptolemy XII Auletes), her brother/husband Ptolemy XIV, and later her son Caesarion, Cleopatra survived a coup engineered by her brother's courtiers, consummated a liaison with Julius Caesar that solidified her grip on the throne, and, after Caesar's assassination, aligned with Mark Antony, with whom she produced twins.
		"Cleopatra" is Greek for "father's glory," and her full name, "Cleopatra Thea Philopator" means "the Goddess Cleopatra, the Beloved of Her Father." She was the third daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes, a Graeco-Egyptian born in Alexandria, Egypt.
		Ptolemy I was the son of Arsinoe of Macedonia by either her husband Lagus, a Macedonian nobleman, or her lover Philip II of Macedon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cleopatra_VII (2334 words)

	Cleopatra VII of Egypt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		She was first briefly co-ruler with her father, Ptolemy XII Auletes and on his death became co-ruler with her brother Ptolemy XIII in the spring of 51 BC.
		Cleopatra arrived in great state, and so charmed Antony that he chose to spend the winter of 42 BC–41 BC with her in Alexandria.
		Cleopatra was present with a fleet of her own, but when she saw that Antony's poorly equipped and manned ships were losing to the Romans' superior vessels, she took flight.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt (2334 words)

	ptolemy
		Ptolemy was the author of the astronomical treatise which is now known as the Almagest (in Greek Hè Megalè Syntaxis, "The Great Treatise").
		Ptolemy formulated a geocentric model (see: Ptolemaic system) of the solar system which remained the generally accepted model in the Western and Arab worlds until it was superseded by the heliocentric solar system of Copernicus.
		Ptolemy was a disciple of the Gnostic Valentinus, known to us for writing a letter to a wealthy Christian lady named Flora, trying to convert her to the Valentinian faith.
	www.fact-library.com /ptolemy.html (925 words)

	Royalty.nu - History of Egypt - Cleopatra VII, the Last Pharaoh
		Cleopatra was afraid to open the door because of the approach of Octavian's army, but she and her two serving women let down ropes from a window and pulled him up.
		Cleopatra was determined to die - perhaps because she had lost Mark Antony, perhaps because she knew Octavian intended to humiliate her, as her sister Arsinoe had been humiliated, by marching her through Rome in chains.
		Two pricks were found on Cleopatra's arm, and it was believed that she had allowed herself to be bitten by an asp (a kind of poisonous snake) that was smuggled in with the figs.
	www.royalty.nu /Africa/Egypt/Cleopatra.html (3555 words)

	Queen Cleopatra
		Cleopatra was born in 69 B.C. in Alexandria.
		Cleopatra came to the throne after death of her two elder sisters and after death of her father whom was much hated by the Egyptian and had fled to Rome several years before.
		Cleopatra and Antony's son, Ptolemy Philadelphos was named King of Syria and Asia Minor at the age of two.
	www.kingtutshop.com /freeinfo/cleopatra.htm (1867 words)

	Ptolemy Philadelphus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ptolemy Philadelphus (36 - 12BC) was the youngest child of Mark Antony and Cleopatra.
		Augustus Caesar took him and his sister CleopatraSelene back to Rome as captives after their parents killed themselves (and their twobrothers died) in 30 BC, and they lived with Octavia, who was Augustus's sister and had been Antony's wife.
		Ptolemy became a chariot racer and died in an accident on the track, competing against his chief rival, Antipater, theson of King Herod the Great of Judea.
	www.therfcc.org /ptolemy-philadelphus-92533.html (97 words)

	Cleopatra's World
		Cleopatra: her father was a Pharaoh, her mother was a Pharaoh, her brother was a Pharaoh, her sister was a Pharaoh, and Cleopatra was a Pharaoh, The most famous Pharaoh, The most mysterious Pharaoh, The most romantic Pharaoh, The last Egyptian Pharaoh, The last Egyptian Goddess.
		Cleopatra was the queen of Egypt and almost queen of the world.
		Cleopatra was not a woman of luxury but very powerful and had a very strong sense of politics.
	www.waltm.net /cleohome.htm (600 words)

	Natural History -- Daniel 10 & 11
		Ptolemy II Philadelphus was succeeded by Ptolemy III Evergates, "a branch of her roots".
		However as Ptolemy was so much addicted to luxurious living, it was of little concern to him to utilize his success to the full and he was not "strengthened" by his victory.
		He thus gave his daughter Cleopatra in marriage to Ptolemy Epiphanes with the intent of gaining an advantage over the king of Egypt, trusting she would be her father's ally rather than her husband's friend, but she refused to be a tool in her father's hands.
	www.biblebelievers.org.au /bb000715.htm (2508 words)

	Egypt: History - Ptolemaic Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ptolemy and his descendants adopted Egyptian royal trappings and added Egypt's religion to their own, worshipping the gods of Eternity and building temples to them, and even being mummified and buried in sarcophagi covered with hieroglyphs.
		Ptolemy invited scholars and artists from all over the known world to come to Alexandria, not to be mere court window dressing, but to foster the learning culture of Alexandria.
		Ptolemy I, though respectful as he was of the Egyptian culture, nevertheless believed the Greek culture to be superior in many respects, and thus the preservation of it in Alexandria was of utmost importance.
	touregypt.net /alexhis1.htm (1779 words)

	Page2
		Cleopatra, descended from a line of kings and quite possibly born illegitimate, became a queen who demanded a great deal of respect from her subjects.
		When Cleopatra first ascended the throne in 51 B.C., there was a great deal of controversy over whether the ruler of the state should actually be Cleopatra or her brother and husband, Ptolemy XIII (Nardo, 23).
		Cleopatra was strong in mind and heart, and had pride that even death could not conquer.
	webpage.pace.edu /nreagin/tempmotherhood/fall2003/14/Page2.html (1734 words)

	Famous Egyptians - Cleopatra VII
		Cleopatra VII Philopator was queen of ancient Egypt.
		Cleopatra was never in fact the sole ruler of Egypt; she only co-ruled with her father, brother, brother-husband, and son.
		Cleopatra VII was Greek and born in Alexandria, Egypt, took the throne alone at the death of her father Ptolemy XII in spring 51 BC.
	www.suziemanley.com /famous_egyptians/cleopatra_7.htm (829 words)

	Cleopatra VII
		Either she was sole ruler or Ptolemy XIII was nominally coregent but ignored as a minor.
		Ptolemy XV Samuel has also suggested that the era is a coregency with Ptolemy XV.
		For the argument that Ptolemy XV was not born of this liaison, see discussion under Ptolemy XV.
	www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk /Egypt/ptolemies/cleopatra_vii.htm (3537 words)

	Roman History Versus XenaVerse Myth (Or Things That Would Turn My Latin Teacher's Hair Purple) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		During the rule of the later Ptolemies, Rome was declared guardian of the Ptolemaic Dynasty.
		Ptolemy, who was too young to rule, resented her rule.
		Cleopatra resides in Rome with Caesar and Ptolemy.
	www.whoosh.org /issue48/carper20a.html (1265 words)

	Egyptian Pharaohs : Graeco-Roman Period : Ptolemaic Dynasty : Ptolemy II Philadelphus
		Ptolemy II is called Philadelphus (which means "Brother/Sister Loving"), probably due to the fact that he married his full sister, Arsinoe II.
		Ptolemy II was the pharaoh responsible for the Pharos Lighthouse, which was finished during his reign (about 280) and it may have been him, instead of his father who was responsible for the creation of the original Museion and Library.
		Ptolemy II started temples at the Island of Philae, adding temples to Elephantine, and fragments of temples at Thebes.
	www.phouka.com /pharaoh/pharaoh/dynasties/dyn33/02pto2.html (331 words)

	Cleopatra Part 2: Queen of Kings
		She accepted an invitation to meet him at Tarsus, and in true Cleopatra style, arrived on a barge with purple sails and silver oars.
		Cleopatra gladly married him, but only agreed to finance his battles after he promised to have her sister Arsinoe executed.
		Cleopatra, jealous and determined to keep her husband from his other wife, threw a tantrum where she cried, fainted, and starved herself.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/historys_wild_women/77941 (476 words)

	Cleopatra VII of Egypt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cleopatra's winter liaison with Caesar produced a son whom they named Ptolemy Caesar (nicknamed Caesarion, little Caesar).
		Cleopatra's son by Caesar, Caesarion, was executed by Octavian.
		Cleopatra - a Victorian children's book by Jacob Abbott, 1852, Project Gutenberg edition.
	www.wikipedia.com /wiki/Cleopatra_VII (2334 words)

	Egyptian Pharaohs : Graeco-Roman Period : Ptolemaic Dynasty : Ptolemy XIV
		47 - 44 BCE co-regent with Cleopatra VII
		Ptolemy XIV was the brother of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XIII.
		When is brother died, Ptolemy XIV was ordered to marry his sister, Cleopatra VII by Caesar.
	www.phouka.com /pharaoh/pharaoh/dynasties/dyn33/15pto14.html (63 words)

	Ptolemy II Philadelphus - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ptolemy II Philadelphus - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Ptolemy Philadelphus at LacusCurtius — (Chapter III of E. R Bevan's House of Ptolemy, 1923)
		Ptolemy II Philadelphus, See also, External links, References, 1911 Britannica, 309 BC births, 246 BC deaths and Pharaohs of the Ptolemaic dynasty.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Ptolemy_Philadelphus (542 words)

	Triumvir Marcus Antonius Of Rome / Queen Cleopatra Vii Of Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Cleopatra VII took the throne alone at the death of her father in Spring 51 BC.
		Cleopatra was present with a fleet of her own, but when she saw that Antony s poorly equipped and manned ships were losing to the Romans superior vessels, she took flight.
		A Macedonian Greek by language and culture, Cleopatra is reputed to have been the first member of her family in their 300 year reign in Egypt to have learnt the Egyptian language.
	www.e-familytree.net /F218/F218485.htm (1795 words)

	Ptolemy II
		Ptolemy II further conducted liaisons with Cleino, Didyme, Mnesis, Myrtion, Pothine and Stratonice
		He also suggests that AB 88 implies that Ptolemy I, Berenice I and Ptolemy II all won victories in the same Olympics as rulers, which would only be possible in the Olympics of 284.
		The association with Arsinoe II as his living wife ensures that the king named in the stele is Ptolemy II.
	www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk /Egypt/ptolemies/ptolemy_ii.htm (1528 words)

	Cleopatra Time 37 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Meanwhile, Cleopatra pitched a fit, cried, fainted, and starved herself, thereby preventing Octavia from seeing her husband.
		Enraged by Antony's bigamy, Octavius spreads rumors that Cleopatra entrapped Antony with her Eastern wiles.
		Cleopatra had turned Antony, a morally upright Roman, into a decadent Egyptian.
	www.andrews.esc18.net /AHS/TCEA%20WEB%20CONTEST/2002%20Webpages/31Team/time37.html (80 words)

	Cleopatra VII
		Cleopatra VII inherited the throne at age 17, with the proviso that she marry her younger brother, Ptolemy XIV, aged 10.
		Gathering what army she could, she returned to Egypt, met Ptolemy’s army and was stopped at Pelusium, on Egypt’s border.
		While Cleopatra VII obviously used her female assets to win over two important men of Rome, it must be remembered she was a woman in a man’s world.
	www.ancientroute.com /people/cleopatra7.htm (331 words)

	Topographical Bibliography s25. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A queen, probably Arsinoë II (wife of Ptolemy II Philadelphus) or Cleopatra II (wife of Ptolemy VI Philometor), III (wife of Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator) or VII Thea Philopator, Ptolemaic, formerly in F. von Bissing colln.
		vi [2] (1995), 417, 431-3 (as Cleopatra I).
		Ptolemy IV Philopator, in Copenhagen, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, I.N. Arndt, La Glyptothèque Ny-Carlsberg [etc.] (1912), 170 pl. 121; Giuliano, A. in Atti della Pontificia Accademia Romana di Archeologia Ser.
	www.ashmol.ox.ac.uk /gri/s25.html (5142 words)

	Cleopatra VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Cleopatra VII was born in 69 BC in Alexandria, which was then the capital of Egypt.
		They were descended from Ptolemy I, a general of Alexander the Great who became king of Egypt after Alexander's death in 323 BC Ptolemy XII was a weak and cruel ruler, and in 58 BC the people of Alexandria rebelled and overthrew him.
		At some point during Berenice's three-year reign Cleopatra VI died of causes.
	www.mtn-iris.com /PS06/PS06_201.HTM (2518 words)

	36 BC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Disastrous campaign of Mark Antony against the Parthians, weds Cleopatra
		Battle of Sogdiana, supposely a small Roman contingent (may have been a part of Antony's army) was defeated by an expedition force of Han China in the battle near moder Bukhara, the only military encounter between the two great empires if the event happened to be true.
		Ptolemy Philadelphus, son of Cleopatra VII of Egypt and Mark Antony.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/36_BC (206 words)

	* The House of Ptolemy: Ptolemaic and Roman Egyptian Numismatics *
		A Roman denarius depicting on the obverse a personification of Alexandria minted in 61 BCE to commemorate the coronation of the Egyptian King Ptolemy V (Epiphanes), in 187 BCE as overseen by M. Aemilius Lepidus; both are depicted on the coin's reverse.
		Note: The reign of Ptolemy XI was so brief (about 20 days), no coinage has been clearly identified as being minted during his administration.
		This was: * The House of Ptolemy: Ptolemaic and Roman Egyptian Numismatics * at
	www.houseofptolemy.org /housenum.htm (5933 words)

	Egypt: Rulers, Kings and Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt: Ptolemy II Philadelphus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Egypt: Rulers, Kings and Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt: Ptolemy II Philadelphus
		Ptolemy II Philadelphus, which means 'Brother/Sister-loving', was the second ruler of the Ptolemaic Dynasty.
		According to the "Letter of Aristeas", Ptolemy II requested 70 Jewish scholars come from Jerusalem to translate the Pentateuch into a Greek version to be placed into the Great Library collection.
	www.touregypt.net /32dyn02.htm (123 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Libraries
		As for the books themselves, we learn from Plutarch that two hundred thousand volumes, or rather rolls, were removed by Mark Anthony to Alexandria and given to Cleopatra to replace the library which had been accidentally destroyed by fire in Julius Caesar's Egyptian campaign.
		The library so destroyed, which was known as that of the Musaeum, was formed by Ptolemy Philadelphus about 260 B.C. It is to this library that the legend attaches of the origin of the Septuagint, as recorded in the apocryphal, but very ancient, "Letter of Aristeas".
		According to this legend, Demetrius Phalereus, the keeper of the library, advised his master, King Ptolemy, to endeavour to obtain for it a translation of the Law of the Jews.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09227b.htm (5113 words)

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