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Topic: Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act

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Cigarette

Health

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26th Amendment to the United States Constitution

United States

List of advertising slogans

1970

1906

	Cigarette - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cigarettes were largely unknown in the English-speaking world before the Crimean War, when British soldiers began emulating their Ottoman Turkish comrades, who resorted to rolling their tobacco with newsprint.
		Some cigarette smokers roll their own cigarettes by wrapping loose cured tobacco in paper; most, however, purchase machine-made commercially available brands, generally sold in small cardboard packages of 10 or 20 cigarettes in the United States and UK or 25 in Canada.
		Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, where it causes one in every five deaths.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cigarette (2041 words)

	Cigarette - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Tobacco smoking, cigarettes being the most popular method, is one of the major causes of preventable death.
		Specifically, cigarette smoking is associated with lung cancer, the leading cause of death amongst smokers.
		Often smoking is allowed on the street (though in Delaware you must be 250 away from any public building) however in Japan, it is against the law to smoke outside on the street.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Cigarette (1917 words)

	Encyclopedia: Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act
		United States, the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of 1969 (passed in 1970), required a stronger Health can be defined negatively, as the absence of illness, functionally as the ability to cope with everyday activities, or positively, as fitness and well-being (Blaxter 1990).
		A cigarette is a small paper-wrapped cylinder (generally less than 120mm in length and 10mm in diameter) of cured and shredded or cut tobacco leaves which is ignited at one end and allowed to smoulder for the purpose of allowing...
		cigarette packages: "Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined that Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health." It also banned cigarette Generally speaking, advertising is the paid promotion of goods, services, companies and ideas by an identified sponsor.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Public-Health-Cigarette-Smoking-Act (417 words)

	Cigarette (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A cigarette is a small (generally less than 10cm in length and 10mm in diameter) cylinder of cured and shredded or cut tobacco leaves, wrapped in paper, which is ignited and allowed to smolder for the purpose of inhaling its smoke.
		Some cigarettes (known as kreteks, clove cigarettes, or simply cloves) have cloves blended with the tobacco, to enhance the smokers pleasure, by numbing the mouth and lungs and providing a mild euphoric effect.
		Cigarette smoking is one of the principal causes of lung cancer, a major cause of death amongst smokers.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/cigarette (962 words)

	Articles - Cigarette (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Tobacco smoking, of which cigarettes are the most popular method, is one of the major causes of preventable death.
		In 2004, smoking was outlawed in all public buildings in the state of Maine, causing some upheaval in bars and clubs.
		Cigarettes have accumulated a variety of nicknames such as "smokes", "butts", "square" (from the shape of the box), "cig", "ciggie", "stogs", "stogies", "snouts", "tabs" (especially in NE England), "loosey" (a single cigarette), "bogey", "boges", "dart", "dugans" (especially in NYC), "hausersticks","squares" "rettes", "grits", "cancer sticks", and "fag".
	www.seekj.com /articles/Cigarette (1884 words)

	Smoking Essays and Articles at eNotes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It required cigarette packages and advertisements to warn that cigarette smoking “may be hazardous to your health.” Another early legislative restriction was the 1969 Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act, which banned cigarette advertising on television and radio, leaving the tobacco industry only the print media and billboards on which to advertise.
		The cigarette package warning label was also strengthened to read, “Warning: The Surgeon General has determined that cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health.” In 1984, the Comprehensive Smoking Education Act required the use of several different warning labels, which are rotated sequentially.
		Smoking had been prohibited in California restaurants and indoor workplaces since 1995; with the 1998 law, nearly all indoor spaces in the state are smoke-free.
	www.enotes.com /smoking (1862 words)

	Health MBA
		Men and women’s health is becoming one of the key areas of personal focus in the world today.
		Health is to a certain extent a matter of cleanliness, proper diet and exercise; but it is more than that.
		Perhaps perfect health does not guarantee that you will live for a 100 years, nor will it protect you from bullets or accident; but the measure of life is to be found in its quality.
	HealthMBA.com (1169 words)

	Public Health Policies Regarding Hazardous Waste Sites and Cigarette Smoking: An Argument by Analogy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the process of establishing the health risks of either exposure to cigarette smoke or to hazardous wastes, two primary sources of evidence are used: animal bioassays and epidemiology.
		Cigarette smoking has been linked to a number of health effects: lung, laryngeal, oral, esophageal, bladder, kidney, pancreatic, stomach, cervical, and endometrial cancers; heart disease; stroke; vascular disease; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; low birthweight infants; and peptic ulcers (3).
		Cigarette smoking is not subject to the same kinds of governmental regulation and control that are now used, for example, to check the emission of toxic substances into the environment.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1993/101-1/legator-full.html (3422 words)

	Developments Related to Smoking and Health
		Concludes that cigarette smoking is a cause of lung cancer in men and a suspected cause in women.
		Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) is formed to serve as a legal action arm for the smoking prevention community.
		Congress temporarily doubles the federal excise tax on cigarettes to 16 cents per pack, to be in effect January 1, 1983, to October 1, 1985.
	www.smokefreedom.net /articles/development.htm (2347 words)

	Quit smoking advice - cigarette dunhill smoking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Welcome to one of the biggest cigarette dunhill smoking sites on the Internet - with hudreds of pages with useful information about quitting smoking, helping people to stop smoking habits and providing quality advice on cigarette dunhill smoking for you.
		Cigarette smoking causes 87 percent of lung cancer deaths.
		cigarette discount dunhill cigarette discount dunhill Related Searches cigarette discount salem after you quit smoking cigar store indians cheap cigarette in michigan camel cigarette cigarette for sale...
	www.smokingblog.info /12/cigarette_dunhill_smoking.html (240 words)

	About Us \| Chronology Significant Developments Related to Smoking and Health (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		"Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General, the first major U.S. report on smoking and health, is published.
		Cigarettes are discontinued in K-rations and C-rations to soldiers and sailors.
		Report of the Surgeon General marks the 25th anniversary of the first Smoking and Health report; focuses on Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking and the progress since the first report.
	www.cdc.gov /tobacco/overview/chron96.htm (3296 words)

	[No title]
		98-474 substituted "about any adverse health effects of cigarette smoking by inclusion of warning notices on each package of cigarettes and in each advertisement;" for "that cigarette smoking may be hazardous to health by inclusion of a warning to that effect on each package of cigarettes;".
		The Federal Trade Commission shall approve a plan submitted by a manufacturer or importer of cigarettes which will provide the rotation required by this subsection and which assures that all of the labels required by paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) will be displayed by the manufacturer or importer at the same time.
		Smoking, research, education and information -STATUTE- (a) Establishment of program; Secretary; functions The Secretary of Health and Human Services (hereinafter in this section referred to as the "Secretary") shall establish and carry out a program to inform the public of any dangers to human health presented by cigarette smoking.
	uscode.house.gov /download/pls/15C36.txt (2887 words)

	Summary Research Findings on Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking
		The study found that "cigarette smoking was overwhelmingly the most important risk factor for vascular disease in women." A 15-year study by a major life insurance company reported in 1979 that cigarette smokers have more than twice the death rate of non-smokers.
		Cigarette smoking has been shown to be hazardous to "passive" smokers as well as to smokers themselves.
		Cigarette smoking is causally implicated as a major contributory factor in the leading causes of death and disability: heart disease, cancer and stroke.
	www.tobaccodocuments.com /lor/85646016-6017.html (775 words)

	Duke Center for Nicotine and Smoking Cessation Research (CNSCR) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Today, smoking is considered the leading preventable cause of death in the United States, claiming more than 440,000 lives each year.
		Levels of smoking among adolescents increased sharply during the early 1990s but the trend reversed itself during the second half of that decade.
		Levels of smoking, laws related to tobacco use, and the public's perception of cigarettes and cigarette manufacturers have all changed drastically in the past few decades.
	www.duke.edu /web/nicotine/facts/index.html (910 words)

	History of 1964 Surgeon General's Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The committee stated that "Cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States to warrant appropriate remedial action."
		During the 40 years that have elapsed since that report, individual citizens, private organizations, public agencies, and elected officials have pursued the Advisory Committee's call for "appropriate remedial action." Early on, the U.S. Congress adopted the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act of 1965 and the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of 1969.
		These laws required a health warning on cigarette packages, banned cigarette advertising in the broadcasting media, and called for an annual report on the health consequences of smoking.
	www.cdc.gov /tobacco/30yrsgen.htm (727 words)

	Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		That act declared Congress' policy that the public be adequately informed of the health hazards of cigarette smoking, id. 2, 79 Stat.
		The veteran's awareness of the potential health consequences at the time the veteran engaged in cigarette smoking in service is relevant to this inquiry.
		The National Narcotics Leadership Act may be viewed as in pari materia with section 8052 of the OBRA because both statutes are part of a general scheme to establish and enforce a coordinated drug policy within the Federal government.
	no-smoking.org /july97/7-16-97-2.html (4807 words)

	liibulletin: Drattel v. Toyota Motor Corp.
		Liggett Group, Inc., 505 U.S., a preemption clause in the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of 1969 was found to encompass common law claims.
		Reasoning that the "standards" promulgated in the Safety Act allowed manufacturers a choice of three restraint systems (airbags, passive restrains and manual restraints), the dissent finds that the "standards" of New York tort law are inherently and unavoidably in conflict with the federal statute.
		Although the dissent acknowledges that the primary intent of the legislature in enacting the Safety Act was to increase safety, the legislature was aware of the need to weigh economic factors in the balance and that uniform safety standards nationwide made compliance less costly for manufacturers.
	www.law.cornell.edu /ny/ctap/comments/i98_0079.htm (2100 words)

	Model Ordinance "Mini-brief" Guides Cities in Banning Alcohol and Tobacco Billboards
		The intent behind the preemption article set forth in the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of 1969 was meant solely to prevent states from altering the content, theme, or information conveyed in cigarette advertising.
		Parental authority is undermined when their advice and encouragement not to smoke is contradicted by advertising that is thrust upon their children whenever they venture from their homes.
		States and municipalities command broad authority to protect children and to shield the public from intrusive forms of advertisement that inflict their messages on a captive audience.
	www.rwjf.org /reports/grr/022934.htm (933 words)

	The Reports of the Surgeon General: Changing Conceptions of Public Health
		The Surgeons General have attained their preeminent public role as guardians of the nation's health by themselves becoming public figures, wearing the conspicuous uniform of a Public Health Service officer, organizing conferences, giving interviews, and delivering speeches across the country.
		The 1964 report on the health hazards of smoking marked the beginning of a series of authoritative scientific statements by the Surgeon General.
		They show that the definition of public health is not fixed but has changed over time, and changed the practice of medicine, as well, to include areas such as human behavior and mental health.
	profiles.nlm.nih.gov /NN/Views/Exhibit/narrative/conceptn.html (587 words)

	Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of 1969
		Zack~round and Neccessitv Of Conq~pssional Aetio~ ~he Federal Cigarette ~ahelim-g and Advertising ~.ct (pu/olic law S9-92) was enacted on July 27, 1965~ ~/%d made effective on January i, 1966.
		%q%ese studies m~y help to defin~ the ergot biomeehanisms involved in the cause and effect relationship between cigarette smoking and l~ng cancer." 1968 - "Additional evidence substantiates the previous findings that cig~reute ~mokin~ is the main cause of lung cancer in z~en.
		cigarette advertisements a~d on the p~ck~ge will serve as a constant reminder Of ~h~ health hazards; and furt/ner believes that the warning statement should he strengthened° (p.s) "Current elgarette advertisin~ constitutes a stro~g force i~ o~ £ociety to persuade te~age~s to overcome their initial dis~sste for cigarettes.
	tobaccodocuments.org /atc/71066088.html (1106 words)

	US CODE: Title 15,1331. Congressional declaration of policy and purpose
		It is the policy of the Congress, and the purpose of this chapter, to establish a comprehensive Federal Program to deal with cigarette labeling and advertising with respect to any relationship between smoking and health, whereby—
		(1) the public may be adequately informed about any adverse health effects of cigarette smoking by inclusion of warning notices on each package of cigarettes and in each advertisement of cigarettes; and
		(B) not impeded by diverse, nonuniform, and confusing cigarette labeling and advertising regulations with respect to any relationship between smoking and health.
	www4.law.cornell.edu /uscode/15/1331.html (138 words)

	Appendix 1 - Laws Enforced by the FTC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Section 5 of the FTC Act prohibits "unfair methods of competition," and was amended in 1938 also to prohibit "unfair or deceptive acts or practices."
		In August 1994, Congress amended Section 5 of the FTC Act to provide that an act or practice is unfair if the injury it causes or is likely to cause to consumers is: (1) substantial; (2) not outweighed by countervailing benefits to consumers or to competition; and (3) not reasonably avoidable by consumers themselves.
		Thus, for example, Section 7 of the Clayton Act authorizes the Commission and the Justice Department to prevent acquisitions that may substantially lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly, and therefore threaten competition and consumer welfare.
	www.ftc.gov /opp/gpra/append1.htm (1194 words)

	ipedia.com: Billboard (advertising) Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Alongside highways are some of the most noticeable and prominent places billboards are situated, since passing drivers typically have little to occupy their attention so the impact of the billboard is greater.
		And at the national level, the Highway Beautification Act of 1965, championed by Lady Bird Johnson, limited the rapidly increasing number of billboards along the nation's highway.
		Billboards are also a major venue of cigarette advertising (10% of Michigan billboards advertise alcohol and tobacco, according to the Detroit Free Press [1]).
	www.ipedia.com /billboard__advertising_.html (2404 words)

	TV ACRES: Death & Dying - Tobacco Products (Celebrities, Characters & Ad Slogans)
		According to Variety, Camel cigarettes was the first cigarette company to stake a claim in the major daytime TV programming with Cavalier cigarettes, an R.J. Reynolds product.
		Helped by pressure from the American Medical Association, the Federal government banned the broadcast of cigarette advertisements in America on both television and radio beginning January 1971 (per the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of 1969).
		In addition, the Television Code of the National Association of Broadcasters was revised to admonish the "glamorous, romantic or heroic" depiction of cigarette smoking in programming.
	www.tvacres.com /tobacco.htm (513 words)

	Tobacco Documents
		Proponents of the settlement point to the public health impact of smoking as a justification for sweeping new tobacco regulation.
		It is also the first time such detailed information on the toxicity of cigarette smoke has been released by a government to the public anywhere in the world.
		Kansas is one of the latest states to sue the nation's leading tobacco companies to recover health care costs incurred because of the harmful effects of cigarette smoke.
	www.tobacco.org /Documents/documents.html (7938 words)

	1970 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		March 11 - Henry "Dickie" Marrow is murdered in a violent hate crime in Oxford, N.C. March 16 - The Expo '70 world's fair opens in Suita, Osaka, Japan.
		April 1 - President Richard Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law banning cigarette television advertisements in the United States starting on January 1, 1971.
		When Mishima's speech fails to sway public opinion towards his right-wing political beliefs, he commits seppuku.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1970 (4076 words)

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